Kunobva: Chokwadi
Kupinda kweRussia kuUkraine kwakashamisa nyika zhinji. Kurwiswa kusingafungidzirwe uye kusina chikonzero kunozodzika munhoroondo seimwe yemhosva huru dzehondo dzemuzana ramakore rechi21, anopokana Noam Chomsky muhurukuro yakasarudzika ye. Zvakashata izvo zvinotevera. Mafungiro ezvematongerwo enyika, akadai seakataurwa neMutungamiriri weRussia Vladimir Putin, haagone kushandiswa senharo kupembedza kutangwa kwekurwisa nyika inozvitonga. Mukutarisana nekurwiswa kunotyisa uku, zvakadaro, US inofanirwa kusarudza dhipatimendi rekukurumidzira pamusoro pekuwedzera kwemauto, sezvo iyo yekupedzisira inogona kuita "warandi yerufu yemarudzi, pasina vanokunda," Chomsky anodaro.
Noam Chomsky anozivikanwa pasi rese semumwe wevanonyanya kukosha vakangwara vapenyu. Hunhu hwake hwenjere hwakafananidzwa nehwaGalileo, Newton naDescartes, sezvo basa rake rakave nesimba rakakura munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuongorora nesainzi, kusanganisira linguistics, logic uye masvomhu, sainzi yekombuta, psychology, zvidzidzo zvenhau, uzivi, zvematongerwo enyika uye nyaya dzepasi rose. Ndiye munyori wemamwe mabhuku zana nemakumi mashanu uye akagashira mibairo ine mukurumbira wakawanda, kusanganisira weSydney Peace Prize neKyoto Prize (yakaenzana neJapan Nobel Prize), uye yemakumi eremekedzo yedhigirii redhigirii kubva kumayunivhesiti ane mukurumbira pasi rose. Chomsky iInstitute Purofesa Emeritus kuMIT uye parizvino Laureate Purofesa paYunivhesiti yeArizona.
CJ Polychroniou: Noam, kurwisa kweRussia kuUkraine kwashamisa vanhu vazhinji, vachitumira mafungu pasirese, kunyangwe pakanga paine zviratidzo zvakawanda zvekuti Putin akange anyanya kushushikana nekuwedzera kweNATO kumabvazuva uye kuramba kwaWashington kutora zvakakomba "mutsara mutsvuku" chengetedzo. zvinodiwa maererano neUkraine. Unofunga kuti nei akasarudza kutanga kurwisa panguva ino?
Noam Chomski: Tisati tatendeukira kumubvunzo, tinofanira kugadzirisa zvinhu zvishoma zvisingarambiki. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kupinda nechisimba kweRussia kuUkraine imhosva huru yehondo, iri padivi nekupinda kweUS muIraq nekurwisa kwaHitler-Stalin kuPoland munaGunyana 1939, kutora mienzaniso miviri chete. Zvinogara zvine musoro kutsvaga tsananguro, asi hapana zvikonzero, hapana extenuation.
Tichitendeukira kumubvunzo, kune zvakawanda zvekudurura zvine chivimbo pamusoro pepfungwa dzaPutin. Nyaya yakajairika ndeyekuti akabatwa nemafungiro ekufungidzira, achiita ega, akakomberedzwa nevakuru vematare emhando inozivikanwa pano mune zvakasara zveRepublican Party inoteedzera kuMar-a-Lago kuti akomborere Mutungamiriri.
Mafashama e invective anogona kunge ari echokwadi, asi pamwe mamwe maitiro anogona kutariswa. Zvichida Putin aireva izvo iye nevamwe vake vanga vachitaura zvinonzwika uye zvakajeka kwemakore. Zvingadaro, semuenzaniso, kuti, "Sezvo chishuwo chikuru chaPutin chiri vimbiso yekuti NATO haichazotora imwe nhengo, uye kunyanya kwete Ukraine kana Georgia, zviri pachena kuti pangadai pasina chikonzero chedambudziko riripo dai pasina kuwedzera kwemubatanidzwa unotevera. kuguma kweHondo Yemashoko, kana kuti dai kuwedzera kwakaitika mukuwirirana nekuvaka chivako chechengeteko muEurope chaisanganisira Russia.โ Munyori wemashoko aya aimbova mumiriri weUS kuRussia, Jack Matlock, mumwe wevashoma nyanzvi dzeRussia dzakakomba muUS diplomatic Corps, achinyora nguva pfupi isati yapinda. Anoenderera mberi nekugumisa kuti dambudziko "rinogona kugadziriswa nyore nyore nekushandisa njere .... Kuburikidza nechero chiyero chepfungwa chiri mukufarira kweUnited States kusimudzira runyararo, kwete kurwisana. Kuedza kubvisa Ukraine kubva kuRussia pesvedzero - iyo yakavimbiswa chinangwa cheavo vaikakavadzana nekuda kwe 'ruvara rwekuchinja' - yaive benzi, uye ine njodzi. Takanganwa here chidzidzo cheCuban Missile Crisis?"
Sarudzo dzinosara mushure mekupinda dzakaipa. Chinhu chidiki chakashata kutsigira sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzichiripo.
Matlock haasi ega. Zvizhinji mhedziso dzakafanana nezvenyaya dziri pasi dzinosvikwa mune memoirs yeCIA mukuru William Burns, mumwe wevashoma vechokwadi nyanzvi dzeRussia. [Diplomat] Kumira kwaGeorge Kennan kwakatosimba kwave kutaurwa zvakanyanya, zvichitsigirwawo neaimbova Munyori weDziviriro, William Perry, uye kunze kwenzvimbo dzevamiriri nenyanzvi inozivikanwa yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika. John Mearsheimer uye vamwe vanhu vakawanda vasingagoni kuva vepamusoro.
Hapana chimwe cheizvi chisina kujeka. US zvinyorwa zvemukati, yakaburitswa na WikiLeaks, zvinoburitsa pachena kuti kupa kwaBush II kwekusangwarira kuUkraine kuti abatane neNATO pakarepo kwakapa nyevero dzakasimba kubva kuRussia kuti kutyisidzira kwemauto kwaisagona kushivirirwa. Zvinonzwisisika.
Isu tinogona kucherechedza pfungwa isinganzwisisike ye "kuruboshwe" iyo inogara ichionekwa mukunakidzwa kwe "kuruboshwe" nekusagutsikana kwakakwana nezve "mutsara weKremlin."
Chokwadi ndechekuti, kutaura chokwadi, hatizive kuti sei sarudzo iyi yakaitwa, kunyangwe yakaitwa naPutin chete kana neRussian Security Council yaanotora chinzvimbo chekutungamira. Pane, zvisinei, zvimwe zvinhu zvatinoziva nechivimbo chakaringana, kusanganisira rekodhi yakaongororwa zvakadzama neavo vachangobva kutaurwa, vanga vari munzvimbo dzepamusoro mukati mehurongwa hwekuronga. Muchidimbu, dambudziko rave richitsva kwemakore makumi maviri neshanu sezvo US yakaramba neruzvidzo kuchengetedzeka kweRussia, kunyanya mitsetse yavo mitsvuku yakajeka: Georgia uye kunyanya Ukraine.
Pane chikonzero chakanaka chokudavira kuti njodzi iyi ingadai yakadziviswa, kutozosvikira paminiti yokupedzisira. Takambotaura nezvazvo, kakawanda. Nezve nei Putin akatanga hutsotsi izvozvi, tinogona kufungidzira sezvatinoda. Asi iyo yekumashure kumashure haina kuvharika - yakanzvenga asi haina kukwikwidza.
Zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti nei avo vari kutambura nemhosva yacho vangaiona sechisungo chisingatenderwi kubvunza kuti nei chakaitika uye kana chaigona kudziviswa. Zvinonzwisisika, asi zvisizvo. Kana isu tichida kupindura kune njodzi nenzira dzinozobatsira vanenge vawirwa nenjodzi, uye tichidzivirira njodzi dzakaipisisa dziri kumberi, zvine hungwaru, uye zvinodiwa, kudzidza zvakawanda sezvatingagona nezve chakakanganisika uye kuti nzira yacho ingadai yakave sei. kugadziriswa. Zviito zvougamba zvingava zvinogutsa. Hazvibatsiri.
Sezvinowanzoitika, ndinoyeuchidzwa chidzidzo chandakadzidza kare. Mukupera kwema1960, ndakatora rutivi mumusangano muEurope navamiriri vashomanene veNational Liberation Front yeSouth Vietnam (โViet Cong,โ mumutauro wokuUnited States). Yakanga iri mukati menguva pfupi yekupikisa kwakanyanya kune hunotyisa hutsotsi hweUS muIndochina. Vamwe vechidiki vakashatirwa zvekuti vakafunga kuti kuita zvechisimba chete kwaizova mhinduro yakakodzera kune monstrosities inoitika: kuputsa mahwindo paMain Street, kubhomba nzvimbo yeROTC. Chero chipi zvacho chidiki chaive chekubatanidzwa mumhosva dzinotyisa. VeVietnamese vaiona zvinhu zvakasiyana chaizvo. Vaipikisa zvakasimba matanho ose akadaro. Vakapa muenzaniso wavo wekuratidzira kunoshanda: vakadzi vashoma vakamira mumunamato chinyararire pamarinda emauto eUS akaurayiwa muVietnam. Vakanga vasingafariri izvo zvakaita kuti vapikisi veAmerica vehondo vanzwe vakarurama uye vachiremekedzwa. Vaida kupona.
Chidzidzo chandinogara ndichinzwa mune imwe kana imwe nzira kubva kune vakabatwa nekutambudzika kunotyisa muGlobal South, iyo inonyanya kunangwa yemhirizhonga yehumambo. Imwe yatinofanira kufunga nezvayo, inochinjira kumamiriro ezvinhu. Nhasi zvinoreva kuedza kunzwisisa kuti sei njodzi iyi yakaitika uye kuti chii chaigona kuitwa kuidzivirira, uye kushandisa zvidzidzo izvi kune zvinotevera.
Mubvunzo unocheka zvakadzama. Iko hakuna nguva yekuongorora iyi yakakosha nyaya pano, asi kudzokororwa kuita kune chaiyo kana kufungidzira dambudziko kwave kusvika kune matanhatu-pfuti kwete yebazi remuorivhi. Ingangove reflex, uye mhedzisiro yacho yanga yakashata - kune avo vakabatwa chinyakare. Nguva dzose zvakakosha kuedza kunzwisisa, kufunga nhanho kana maviri pamberi pezvingangoitika zvechiito kana kusaita. Truisms hongu, asi yakakodzera kudzokorora, nekuti ivo vanodzingwa nyore nyore munguva dzekuda kwakakodzera.
Ehe, ichokwadi kuti US nevabatsiri vayo vanotyora mutemo wepasirese pasina kubwaira kweziso, asi izvo zvinopa kuregererwa kwemhosva dzaPutin.
Sarudzo dzinosara mushure mekupinda dzakaipa. Chinhu chidiki chakashata irutsigiro rwesarudzo dzemumiriri dzichiripo, mutariro yekusvika pamhedzisiro isiri kure zvakanyanya kubva pane izvo zvaigoneka kuitika mazuva mashoma apfuura: Austrian-style neutralization yeUkraine, imwe vhezheni yeMinsk II federalism mukati. Zvakanyanya kuoma kusvika zvino. Uye - chaizvo - nekupunyuka kwePutin, kana mhedzisiro ichanyanya kuomarara kuUkraine nevamwe vese, pamwe zvisingafungidzike zvakadaro.
Ari kure kwazvo nekururamisira. Asi ruramisiro yakatekeshera rini munhau dzenyika yose? Zvakakosha here kuongorora zvakare rekodhi inotyisa zvakare?
Kuzvida kana kusada, sarudzo dzave kuderedzwa kuita mhedzisiro yakaipa inopa mibairo pane kuranga Putin nekuda kwechiito chehasha - kana mukana wakasimba wehondo yekupedzisira. Inogona kunzwa inogutsa kutyaira bheya mukona kubva kwairi kubva mukupererwa - sezvainogona. Hazvina kungwara.
Zvichakadaro, isu tinofanirwa kuita chero chatinogona kupa tsigiro ine musoro kune avo vakashinga kudzivirira nyika yavo kubva kune vane hutsinye, kune avo vanotiza zvinotyisa, uye nezviuru zvevaRussia vane ushingi vanopikisa pachena mhosva yenyika yavo nenjodzi huru, chidzidzo kune tese.
Uye isu tinofanirawo kuedza kutsvaga nzira dzekubatsira boka rakakura kwazvo revakabatwa: hupenyu hwese paPasi. Iyi ngwavaira yakaitika panguva apo masimba makuru ose, zvamazvirokwazvo tose zvedu, tinofanira kuva tichishanda pamwe chete kudzora denda guru rokuparadza kwezvakatipoteredza iro riri kutoparira nhamo yakashata, nechakaipa zvikuru nokukurumidza chiri kuuya kutoti nhamburiko huru dzikaitwa. nokukurumidza. Kutyaira kumba zviri pachena, iyo IPCC chete akasunungurwa ichangoburwa uye inotyisa kwazvo yekuongorora kwayo nguva dzose kwekuti tiri kutarisira njodzi sei.
Zvichakadaro, zviito zvinodikanwa zvakamiswa, kunyange kuendeswa kumashure, sezvo zviwanikwa zvinodikanwa zvakanyanya zvakatsaurirwa kuparadzwa uye nyika ikozvino iri munzira yekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta ezvicherwa, kusanganisira ane ngozi uye zviri nyore kuwanda kwawo, marasha.
Mubatanidzwa unotyisa zvikuru haungagoni kurongwa nedhimoni rine utsinye. Hazvigoni kuregererwa. Nguva yese inokosha.
Kupinda kweRussia kuri kutyora zviri pachena Chisungo 2(4) cheUN Charter, chinorambidza kutyisidzira kana kushandiswa kwechisimba kupesana nenharaunda yeimwe nyika. Zvakadaro Putin akatsvaga kupa zvikonzero zviri pamutemo zvekupindirwa panguva yekutaura kwake muna Kukadzi 24, uye Russia inotaura Kosovo, Iraq, Libya neSyria sehumbowo hwekuti United States nevabatsiri vayo vanotyora mutemo wepasirese kakawanda. Unogona here kutaura nezve zvikonzero zvepamutemo zvaPutin zvekupinda muUkraine uye nezvechimiro chemutemo wepasi rose munguva yeHondo Yemashoko?
Hapana chekutaura pamusoro pekuedza kwaPutin kupa chikonzero chepamutemo chehutsinye hwake. Kukodzera kwayo i zero.
Ehe, ichokwadi kuti US nevabatsiri vayo vanotyora mutemo wepasirese pasina kubwaira kweziso, asi izvo zvinopa kuregererwa kwemhosva dzaPutin. Kosovo, Iraq neLibya vakaita, zvisinei, zvine chekuita nekukonana pamusoro peUkraine.
Kurwiswa kweIraq yaive muenzaniso webhuku remhosva dzakasungirirwa maNazi paNuremberg, hutsinye husina kutsamwiswa. Uye chibhakera pachiso cheRussia.
Makwikwi iwarandi yerufu kurudzi, pasina vanokunda. Tiri panguva inokosha munhoroondo yevanhu.
Panyaya yeKosovo, hutsinye hweNATO (zvichireva hutsinye hweUS) hwakanzi "hahuna pamutemo asi hwakarurama" (somuenzaniso, neInternational Commission yeKosovo inotungamirwa naRichard Goldstone) nechikonzero chekuti bhomba iri rakaitwa kumisa hutsinye hunoramba huchienderera mberi. Kutonga ikoko kwaida kuchinjwa kwokuverengwa kwenguva. Humbowo hukuru hwekuti mafashama ehutsinye aive mhedzisiro yekupindirwa: zvinofanotaurwa, zvakafanotaurwa, zvinotarisirwa. Uyezve, sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzaivepo, [asi] senguva dzose, vakafuratira vachitsigira chisimba.
Vakuru vakuru veUS vanosimbisa kuti kwaive kunyanya kubhomba kwemubatsiri weRussia Serbia - pasina kana kumbovazivisa - izvo zvakadzora kuedza kweRussia kushanda pamwe neUS neimwe nzira kuvaka mushure meCold War European kuchengetedza order, kudzoserwa kwakasimudzwa nechisimba. yeIraq nekubhomba kweLibya mushure mekunge Russia yabvuma kusapikisa UN Security Council Resolution iyo NATO yakatyora pakarepo.
Zviitiko zvine mhedzisiro; zvisinei, maidi angavanzwa mukati megadziriro yedzidziso.
Mamiriro emutemo wepasirese haana kuchinja munguva yeHondo Yemashoko, kunyangwe mumashoko, tisingatauri nezvezviito. Mutungamiri Clinton vakabuda pachena kuti US yakanga isina chinangwa chekutevedzera izvi. Dzidziso yeClinton yakazivisa kuti US ine kodzero yekuita "unilaterally pazvinenge zvichidikanwa," kusanganisira "kushandiswa kwemasimba echiuto" kudzivirira zvakakosha se "kuve nechokwadi chekuwana kusingadzivirirwe kumisika yakakosha, magetsi uye zviwanikwa." Vatsivi vake zvakare, uye chero ani zvake anogona kutyora mutemo asina kurangwa.
Izvi hazvireve kuti mutemo wenyika dzese hauna kukosha. Iine huwandu hwekushanda, uye ihwo hunobatsira mune zvimwe zvinhu.
Chinangwa chekurwisa kweRussia chinoratidzika kunge chiri kutora pasi hurumende yeZelensky uye kuisa panzvimbo yayo imwe pro-Russian. Nekudaro, zvisinei kuti chii chinoitika, Ukraine yakatarisana neramangwana rinotyisa nekuda kwesarudzo yayo yekuve pawn muWashington's geostrategic mitambo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvingangoita sei kuti zvirango zvehupfumi zvikonzere kuti Russia ichinje chimiro chayo kuUkraine - kana kuti zvirango zvehupfumi zvinonangana nechimwe chinhu chakakura, sekukanganisa hutongi hwaPutin mukati meRussia uye hukama nenyika dzakaita seCuba, Venezuela uye pamwe China pachayo?
Ukraine inogona kunge isina kuita sarudzo dzine hungwaru, asi yakanga isina chinhu senge sarudzo dziripo kumatunhu eumambo. Ini ndinofungidzira kuti zvirango zvichafambisa Russia kuti iwedzere kuvimba neChina. Kunze kwekuchinja kwakakomba, Russia ikleptocratic petrostate inotsamira pane sosi inofanirwa kuderera zvakanyanya kana isu tese tapera. Hazvina kujeka kuti ndizvo here system yemari inogona kukurira kurwisa kwakapinza, kuburikidza nezvirango kana dzimwe nzira. Kunyanya chikonzero chekupa hatch yekupukunyuka ine grimace.
Hurumende dzekuMadokero, mapato anopikisa makuru, kusanganisira Bato reLabour muUK, uye vezvenhau vemakambani zvakafanana vatanga chirongwa chekurwisa-Russian chauvinistic. Zvinangwa zvinosanganisira kwete ma oligarchs ekuRussia chete asi vaimbi, makondukita nevaimbi, uye kunyange varidzi venhabvu vakaita saRoman Abramovich weChelsea FC. Russia yakatorambidzwa kubva kuEurovision muna 2022 zvichitevera kupinda. Uku ndiko kuita kwakafanana kwakaitwa nevezvenhau vemakambani pamwe nenharaunda dzepasi rose zvakazara kuUS zvichitevera kupinda kwayo nekuparadzwa kwakazotevera kweIraq, handizvo here?
Mhinduro yako yakanyatsokodzera. Uye isu tinogona kuenderera nenzira dzakajairika.
Iwe unofunga kuti kupinda uku kuchatanga nguva itsva yemakwikwi akasimba pakati peRussia (uye pamwe mukubatana neChina) neWest?
Zvakaoma kutaura kuti madota anowira kupi - uye izvo zvinogona kuzosave dimikira. Parizvino, China iri kuitamba ichitonhorera, uye ingangoyedza kufambisa chirongwa chayo chakakura chekubatanidza hupfumi hwenyika zhinji mukati mekuwedzera kwehurongwa hwepasirese, masvondo mashoma apfuura. kusanganisira Argentina mukati meBelt and Road initiative, uchiona vakwikwidzi vachizviparadza.
Sezvatakambokurukura, kukwikwidzana iwarandi yerufu kumarudzi, pasina vanokunda. Tiri panguva inokosha munhoroondo yevanhu. Hachigoni kurambwa. Haikwanise kufuratirwa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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