Kunobva: Chokwadi
Aimbove mutungamiri wenyika, Jimmy Carter, akafunga kuti US yave "oligarchy ine chiokomuhomwe chezvematongerwe enyika chisingaganhurirwiโ mumashure memutongo weDare Repamusorosoro wa2014 wekudzikisa miganhu pazvipo zvemushandirapamwe, uye kushandiswa kwemasimba asiri pamutemo mukati mehurongwa hwedu hwezvematongerwo enyika kwatowedzera zvakanyanya mumakore masere apfuura kubva ipapo.
"Chiremera chisiri pamutemo" chinowanzo tsanangurwa sechimiro chevanhu vasiri vedemocracy uye nyika dzakakundikana kana dzakaparara. Muchokwadi, zvisinei, chiremera chisiri pamutemo chinogona kunge chakapararira mune dzinonzi zvematongerwo enyika dzegutsaruzhinji sedzeUnited States.
Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States, somuenzaniso, rine simba rokupa magwaro ematare anopikisana nezvido zvevanhu uye kunyange kutyora kodzero dzevanhu. Hurongwa hweveruzhinji huri kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nevezvehupfumi nemapoka ane simba ane chido, neruzhinji rusina kana simba rakazvimirira. tsvakurudzo yenyanzvi yakaratidza. Kuve pamutemo kwechiremera chezvematongerwo enyika muUS zvechokwadi kunokahadzika kana tichifunga nezvemafambiro ekuita sarudzo uye mitemo iri kutamba.
Mubvunzurudzo inotevera, Noam Chomsky - nyanzvi yeruzhinji inoonekwa nemamirioni avanhu sepfuma yenyika uye yepasirese - inotipa rwendo chairwo. pachena chechokwadi chisingazikanwe munhoroondo yemutemo yeUS uku tichiburitsa pachena kuti vangani vemasangano edu ekutonga nevatungamiriri vane masimba asiri epamutemo uye asina demokrasi pane yakawanda yemazuva ano ezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi hwenyika. Ngatiyeukei kuti tinofanira kufunga kuti masimba ose haasi emutemo, kunze kwekunge achikwanisa kuzvipembedza. Chokwadi, mutoro wehumbowo uri pane vamiriri vechiremera, kwete pane avo vanobvunza, sekutaura kwaChomsky pese paanotaura nezvemusoro wechiremera.
Mubvunzurudzo iyi, Chomsky anogovera zvaanoziva nezve activism uye nekukasira kwekuita shanduko yekuenda kune remangwana rakasimba. Chomsky is institute purofesa uye purofesa we linguistics emeritus paMIT uye parizvino ari purofesa wemubairo paUniversity yeArizona, uye akaburitsa mamwe mabhuku zana nemakumi mashanu mumitauro, zvematongerwo enyika nemagariro, hupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika, zvidzidzo zvenhau, mutemo wekune dzimwe nyika weUS uye nyaya dzepasi rose.
CJ Polychroniou: Noam, mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura, tanga tichipupurira kuwedzera kwechiremera chisiri pamutemo. Uye handisi kufunga zvakanyanya nezve pesvedzero iri kuwedzera yemakambani epasi rose pamaitiro edemokrasi senge sarudzo dzinoitwa nevanhu vashoma vakagadzwa kana vakasarudzwa zvinobata hupenyu hwemamirioni avanhu. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vashoma vakagara paDare Repamusorosoro vakagadzwa kwehupenyu hwavo hwose nevatungamiri vakarasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira, uye vanowanzoita zvisarudzo zvinopikisana nevazhinji vevavhoti. Mumwe muenzaniso inhengo dzeCongress yeUS dzinovhara mabhiri akanangana nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwevagari uye kuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda, vachisarudza kuunza mutemo wakanangana nezvido zvemapoka ane simba evamiriri. Unogona here kutaura pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya kuodza mwoyo mumamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika eUS?
Noam Chomsky: Dare Repamusorosoro ragara riri sangano rekuita zvinhu. Pane kumwe kutsauka, asi kashoma. Sarudzo huru dzeDare reWarren dzakasimudzira zvikuru rusununguko nekodzero dzekodzero, asi kwete mukuzviparadzanisa nevamwe: Paive nemafambiro aifarirwa nevanhu, kunyanya veAfrican American asi akabatanidzwa nevamwe kusvika padanho, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuti mitongo yeWarren Court iitwe. Nhau yemazuva ano yeRoberts Court iri kudzokera kune zvakajairwa nekuedza kwayo kudzorera kutsauka uku. Uye inogona kuzviita nekutenda muhumwe uye hunyengeri hweanotungamira anopesana nedemocracy mubato reRepublican - asisiri bato rechokwadi rezvematongerwo enyika: Mitch McConnell.
Zvose izvi, kana kuti zvinofanira kuva, zvinonyatsozivikanwa. Ini ndichadzokera kune mashoma ekutaura nezvazvo.
Zvishoma zvinonyatsozivikanwa ndezvekuti izvi zvinoenda kure kure. Imwe nyaya inozivikanwa, asi kwete yese. Zvinozivikanwa kuti simba guru reDare Repamusorosoro rinodzokera kumutongo waJustice John Marshall mu. Marbury v. Madison kuita kuti matare edzimhosva ave mutongi gava wezvinoreva mutemo, masimba anodarika zvinopihwa muBumbiro reMitemo. Kugadzwa kwake naJohn Adams, uye kugadzwa kwake pakarepo uye zvisarudzo, zvakagadzirirwa kuderedza hurumende yakangosarudzwa yeJefferson.
Mimvuri yeMcConnell.
Mafungiro aMarshall ane simba guru mukugadzirisa kurongeka kwebumbiro remitemo sezvazviri kududzirwa. Zvaakanyora mudare hazvienzaniswi.
Zvose izvi zvinozivikanwa zvakare.
Zvishoma zvinonyatsozivikanwa ndezvefungidziro dziri kumashure kwesarudzo huru dzaMarshall. Muchokwadi, izvi zvakangoratidzwa munguva pfupi yapfuura muhunyanzvi hwemutemo nebasa rakakosha raPaul Finkelman, uyo akaita yekutanga kudzidza kwakarongeka kwekutonga kwaMarshall pane chinhu chepakati chenhoroondo yeAmerica: huranda, hunogona kunge huchidzimwa kubva munhoroondo yezvidzidzo kana maRepublicans. kuwanazve simba uye vanogona kuita hurongwa hwavo hwehudzvanyiriri kuti sarudza zvisingagoni kudzidziswa muzvikoro.
Zvichida mutongo wakaipisisa weDare reRoberts kwaive kubvisa Mutemo weKodzero dzeKuvhota nezvikonzero zvisina musoro (Shelby), ichipa Maodzanyemba nzira dzekudzorera Jim Crow.
Finkelman anoongorora "Chief Justice John Marshall kuzvipira kwake uye kwezvematongerwo enyika muuranda, semutengi wehupenyu hwese uye mutengesi wevanhu, uye kuvenga kwake kukuru kuvapo kwevatema vakasununguka muAmerica." Anoenderera mberi kuratidza kuti mukutonga kwake, Marshall "aigara achitsigira varidzi vevaranda apo vatema vaiti vakasununguka. Saizvozvovo, akaramba achitadza kumanikidza kurambidzwa kwemubatanidzwa kweAmerica kutora chikamu mukutengeserana kwevaranda muAfrica kana, mushure me1808, kurambidza zvachose kuunza varanda vatsva muUnited States. Sekutaura kunoita Finkelman, mitongo yaMarshall yakaoma uye yehutsinye yaive โzvinopindirana nerutsigiro rwake rwehupenyu hwese pachake uye zvematongerwo enyika kuuranda. "
Kunze kwezvinokonzeresa hupenyu hweavo vaibatwa sevashoma pane munhu muzuva rake uye munhoroondo yese yeAmerica, Marshall aive asiri kururamisira wakajairika. Zviri pasi kutaura kuti iye โzvichida mutongi mukuru ane simba weDare Repamusorosoro. "
Ino haisi iyo nzvimbo yekudzokorora nhoroondo refu uye inowanzo sviba yedare. Zvakakwana kuti tiyeuke kuti hazvienderane nemasirogani ekuda nyika atinorairwa kuimba nevadzvanyiriri vatsva muWashington.
Kana iri Congress, nyaya yacho yakasanganiswa. Chimwe chinhu chinogara chiripo ndechekushandira vapfumi nevane simba, uchitsamira pamhando dzaunotaura. Kuratidzira kwakakurumbira pane dzimwe nguva kwakaratidza kuve mubatanidzwa unoshanda, uine mhedzisiro huru pakuvandudza nyika. Iyo New Deal nguva kubva kuma'30s kusvika kuma'60s ndiyo yazvino nyaya. Kunyangwe makirasi ebhizinesi akashanda nesimba kuti abvise nhanho dzeNew Deal kure, vakaramba vaine rutsigiro rwakasimba rwezvematongerwo enyika, kusanganisira kubva kumutungamiri wekupedzisira chaiye anochengetedza, Dwight Eisenhower. In maonero ake, โKana bato ripi zvaro rezvematongerwo enyika rikaedza kubvisa kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, inishuwarenzi yekushaikwa kwemabasa, uye kubvisa mitemo yevashandi nezvirongwa zvepapurazi, haunganzwe nezvebato iroro zvakare munhoroondo yedu yezvematongerwo enyika. Kune boka diki rakapatsanuka, hongu, rinotenda kuti unogona kuita zvinhu izvi. . . . [Asi] nhamba yavo ishoma uye mapenzi.โ
Mafungiro aEisenhower anoratidza kuti bato rake rakadzikira zvakadii mumakore achangopfuura, zvichisvibisa zita rekuti "conservatism."
Mumwe mufananidzo wazvino uno wokukukurwa kwebato richienda kurudyi rworudyi rudo rwaro neโutongi husina rusunungukoโ hwourudzi hweHungary yaViktor Orbรกn. Iyo haina kuganhurirwa kuna Tucker Carlson nezvimwe zvakadaro asi inoenda kure kupfuura. Somumwe muenzaniso, American Conservative Union โinoungana muBudapest mwedzi unouya [Chikumi] kuzopemberera mutungamiriri weEurope ari kupomerwa kukanganisa demokrasi nekodzero dzevanhu.โ Zvakakodzera kupomerwa, asi Orbรกn anozviona sokurumbidza, kwete kupomera, uye โvanoomereraโ nhasi vanoratidzika kuva vanobvumirana nazvo.
Eisenhower's prognosis yakanga isiriyo. Iyo "splinter group" - iyo zvinosuruvarisa yaive kure neizvozvo - yakanga isiri kungomirira mumapapiro. Kwakanga kuri kugaya matanho ekubatsira veruzhinji, kazhinji zvinobudirira. Pakazosvika makore ekupedzisira eCarter, pesvedzero yayo yakanzwika zvakanyanya. MaDemocrat panguva iyoyo akange asiya kushushikana kwechokwadi nevanhu vanoshanda, vachiwedzera bato revashandi vakapfuma.
Reagan akazarura mikova yakafara kune avo Eisenhower akanga ashora zvikuru, akatanga kurwisa kwakasimba neoliberal paruzhinji rwemakore makumi mana apfuura, kuchiri kuitika nesimba. Ino haisi iyo nzvimbo yekuongorora maitiro ayo zvakare. Zvakaiswa muzvidzidzo zveRand Corporation zvatakakurukura, izvo zvakaona kuti zvirongwa izvi "zvakatamisa" pedyo nemadhora makumi mashanu emadhora kubva pakati uye makirasi ekushanda kuenda kune ultrarich mumakore makumi mana, chiitiko chinokatyamadza chekuba mumigwagwa.
Sangano reRepublican ranhasi harigone kudzora kushingairira kwaro netarisiro yekuenderera mberi nekurova, rakavanzwa nemaslogan anonyadzisa.
Zvese izvi zviri kuitika pamberi pemeso edu, zviri pachena. Iyo congressional GOP ingangoita goose-nhanho mukuteerera kune zvakajeka uye neruzhinji mirairo yaMcConnell, yakadzokororwa kubva kumakore aObama. Pane chinhu chimwe chete chinokosheswa nemutemo: kuwanazve simba. Izvi zvinoreva kuona kuti nyika haibatike, uye kuti chero mutemo ungabatsira ruzhinji unofanira kuvharwa. Ipapo kutadza kuita chero chinhu kunogona kupomerwa maDemocrats - vashoma vacho vanotora chikamu musham.
Muenzaniso unonyanya kushamisa wazvino iBuild Back Better chirongwa, chirongwa chinoremekedzeka chingave chakabatsira ruzhinji payakabva padhesiki raBernie Sanders. Yakabviswa nhanho-ne-nhanho pasi peiyo McConnell musimboti, parizvino hapana kana shreds yasara.
Zvichakadaro hutungamiriri hweGOP hwakamisa mitsetse yavo mitsvuku: (1) bvisa mari kuIRS, kuitira kuti isazokanganisa kubiridzirwa kukuru kwemutero neveprime GOP constituency, vapfumi kwazvo; (2) usabate iyo imwe yemutemo budiriro yemakore eTrump, yakadanwa naJoseph Stiglitz "bhiri rekubatsira vanopa ra2017," chipo chikuru kune vakapfuma kwazvo uye vemakambani chikamu, vachibaya munhu wese kumashure. Uku kupa kune vapfumi kwakakuvadzawo vavhoti vekodzero, avo GOP yakashanda kuti irambe iri mumutsara kubva kuNixon nekutsausa pfungwa kubva kuzvirongwa zvayo kuenda ku "nyaya dzetsika" dzinofadza maChristian nationalists, white supremacists, Evangelicals, vanoda pfuti vanoda, uye zvikamu zvevashandi zvakaparadzwa neoliberal zvirongwa uye zvakasiiwa kwenguva refu neDemocrats.
Dare rakaita basa raro mukumutsiridza zvinhu zvakaipisisa zvenhoroondo yatinorairwa kudzvanyirira. Zvichida mutongo wakaipisisa weDare reRoberts kwaive kubvisa Mutemo weKodzero dzeKuvhota nezvikonzero zvisina musoro (Shelby), ichipa Maodzanyemba nzira dzekudzorera Jim Crow. Citizens United yakawedzera dzidziso yeBuckley yekuti mari kutaura - yakanakira vapfumi kunyanya - kupa rusununguko kumatunhu anogona kutenga sarudzo.
Chinotevera pane chopping block ndicho Roe v. Wade. Migumisiro ichave yakanyanyisa. Kodzero inorangarirwa nevakadzi vazhinji, uye nevamwe, seyakasimbiswa zvakasimba inofanira kuparadzwa. Izvozvo zvinenge zvisati zvamboitika. Kudzikisira kodzero dzevanhu vatema dzekuvhota ne Shelby chisarudzo chikamu chemuenzaniso.
Chinyorwa chakaburitswa naJustice Alito chakavakirwa pamusimboti wekuti mitongo yedare inofanira kupa hukuru kune izvo "zvakadzika midzi munhoroondo netsika yeNyika ino." Uye ane chokwadi chekuti kodzero dzevakadzi hadzigutse mamiriro aya. Vavambi vakagamuchira mutemo weBritish common, uyo waiti mukadzi ipfuma, yababa vake, muridzi wemurume wake. Imwe nharo yapakuvamba yokuramba kuvhota kuvakadzi yakanga iri yokuti kwaizova kusaruramisira kuvarume vasina kuroora, sezvo murume akaroora aizova namavhoti maviri, rake neโpfumaโ yake. (Gadziriro yakashata yevatatu-vashanu yakapa kodzero iyoyo kuvaridzi venhapwa.) Makanga muri kutozosvikira muna 1975 apo Dare Repamusorosoro rakapa vakadzi zvizere, richivapa kodzero yokushanda mumatare ehurumende seโvezera ravo.โ
Iyi dzidziso yehutongi hwepamusoro-soro, sevamwe, inochinjika. Mumwe mufananidzo ndiAntonin Scalia's Mubatsiri sarudzo, iyo yakadzora zana rekutanga uye yakasimbisa muridzi wepfuti seChinyorwa Chitsvene. Mune maonero ake akadzidza zvikuru, Scalia akabudirira kufuratira vose vakapfuma "nhoroondo netsika" iyo iri shure kwechirevo chokuti "Mauto ehondo anotungamirirwa zvakanaka, akakodzera kuchengetedzwa kweHurumende yakasununguka, kodzero yevanhu kuchengeta uye. kutakura zvombo, hazvingatyorwe.
Nhoroondo netsika hazvisi chakavanzika, kubva kuvavambi kusvika muzana ramakore rechi 19, kunyangwe hazvo vasina basa nenhoroondo yeAmerica kubvira: (1) maBrits ari kuuya; (2) mauto anodiwa kuti arwise, kudzinga uye kutsakatisa nyika dzeMarudzi kana chisungo cheBritain chekuwedzera chabviswa, pasina mubvunzo ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekumukira - kunyangwe gare gare vakadzingwa nemuchina wekuuraya unoshanda, US Cavalry; (3) varanda vaifanira kudzorwa nechisimba, tyisidziro yakanga ichiwedzera nokumukira kwevaranda muCaribbean neSouth; (4) bumbiro remitemo risati rasimbiswa zvakasimba, pakanga paine kutyira kuti modhi yeBritain ingangoiswa (sezvakataurwa naAlexander Hamilton) uye yaigona kutungamirira kuudzvinyiriri hwaizofanira kudziviswa nemasimba akakurumbira.
Hapana kana imwe yeiyi "nhoroondo negamuchidzanwa" yakanga ine basa chero ripi zvaro nezana ramakore rechi 20, ingangoita semi-rational madenderedzwa. Asi zvamazvirokwazvo zvakanga zviripo munhau netsika, kwete bedzi ipapo asi chikamu chepakati chenhoroondo chakarongerwa kukanzurwa sezvo GOP ichifamba ichidzika. Zvese izvi zvinoenderera mberi nerubatsiro rwevatongi vematare edzimhosva iro rakavakwa nekungwarira naMcConnell uye vanobatana, nechinangwa chekuisa chipingamupinyi kune chero chakaita sekutsauka kweEisenhower kwenguva yakareba.
Michael Waldman, purezidhendi weBrennan Center for Justice uye nyanzvi paSecond Amendment, anoona kuti kubvira Scalia yakadzoreredza muenzaniso wekare nekuregeredza nhoroondo netsika, dare harina zvishoma zvekutaura nezvenyaya yepfuti, zvakanyanya kukanganisa kunyanyisa kurudyi mudare. Asi izvo, Waldman anofunga, zvinogona kunge zvave kuda kuchinja. Dare riri kuongorora nyaya ingangopidigura mutemo weNew York wa1913 unorambidza kutakura chombo chakavanzwa munzvimbo dzevanhu. Kubva pane zvakataurwa naAlito munharo yemuromo, uye nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzaThomas, Waldman anofungidzira kuti mutongo wa1913 unogona kuchinjwa. Tichazonakidzwa nyika ine zvombo zvakavanzwa zviri kwose kwose.
Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti tsika yemazuva ano yepfuti inonyanya kugadzirwa kweindasitiri yehukama neveruzhinji, chokwadi chimwe chekukunda kwayo kukuru, nhoroondo inoburitsa yakaongororwa zvakadzama naPamela Haag mu. Kupfurwa kweAmerica: Bhizinesi uye Kugadzirwa kweAmerican Gun Tsika.
Pfuti zvechokwadi dzaishandiswa kune chinangwa chaicho, idzo dzichangotsanangurwa. Uye varimi vega vanogona kushandisa musket yekare kutyisidzira vatsoropodzi vari kurwisa mombe. Kwavari pfuti yaive mudziyo, sefoshoro. Vagadziri vezvombo vakanga vachiri kugadzira zvombo zvemhando yepamusoro, asi zvemauto, kwete veruzhinji, avo vaive vasina basa nazvo.
Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19, dambudziko rakanga richimuka. Mushure meHondo Yenyika, musika wepamba wakadonha zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvombo zvepamberi. Rugare muEurope rwakakanganisa mumwe musika. Hondo yeUnited States yakanga isingapindi muhondo huru. Iyo ichangoburwa PR indasitiri yakanyoreswa kune chikonzero. Yakagadzira chifananidzo chinonakidza cheWild West chisati chambovapo, chine vakashinga mombe nemasherifu nekukurumidza pakudhirowa, uye mamwe ekufungidzira akajairwa, akazoshandiswa neHollywood neTV. Musoro wenyaya waive wekuti mwanakomana wako ari kufa kuti ave nepfuti yeWinchester kuti ave murume chaiye, uye hanzvadzi yake inofanira kunge iine pfuti yepingi. Yakashanda, zvine hungwaru, sezvatinogona kupupurira vazhinji vedu kubva mundangariro dzehudiki, kana kwete kupfuura.
Chinotevera pane chopping block ndicho Roe v. Wade. Migumisiro ichave yakanyanyisa.
Ngano iyi yakazowedzerwa sechikamu cheinotyisa GOP propaganda mushandirapamwe kutsausa pfungwa kure kubva kumitemo yavo chaiyo uye zvisungo. Kubva kwaScalia kubva ku "nhoroondo netsika" zvakabva zvashandura Second Amendment kuita chikamu chega cheBumbiro reMitemo rinonamatwa nemoyo wose, iro rinotozivikanwa neruzhinji rwevanhu.
Ndeipi miganhu yechiremera chezvematongerwo enyika? Neiko kune kuwedzera kwechiremera chisiri chepamutemo muโmademocracyโ anhasi? Uye vagari vane hanya vanofanira kusateerera sei zvisarudzo zvisiri pamutemo zvakaitwa nevezvematongerwo enyika neDare Repamusorosoro?
Hondo yekirasi haiperi. Mumwe mutori wechikamu, makirasi ebhizinesi - "vatenzi vevanhu" mumutsara waAdam Smith - anogara ari mukukonana, pasina chido chidiki munyika yakaita seUS ine mwero wepamusoro-soro wekirasi yebhizinesi kuziva. Sezvakataurwa naSmith makore mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu apfuura, vanoyedza kudzora mutemo wenyika uye kuishandisa nekuda kwezvido zvavo, kazhinji vachibudirira, kunyangwe paine dzimwe nguva zvipingamupinyi. Kana vakakuvadzwa vakarohwerwa pasi kana kusiya basa kubva mukurwira, vanozviwanira kukunda kukuru. Tichangobva kuona izvozvo panguva yekutonga kweneoliberal, izvo zvakadzikisira democracy pamwe nehumbavha hwakakura. Ndicho chinhu chikuru mukuwedzera kweโchiremera chisiri pamutemoโ munyika dzanhasi dzinodzikira dzegutsaruzhinji, uye mukutsamwa kwakapararira, kuvenga uye kusavimba nechiremera.
Chokwadi pane zvakawanda zvekutaura nezvekuti sei uye sei kukunda kunoshamisa uku kwakawanikwa, asi izvo zvinodarika miganhu yenhaurirano iyi. Tinofanira, zvisinei, kuziva hutsotsi hwemashibholeth akajairwa sekuti โkurega musika uchitongaโ uye mamwe mitsara isinganyanyi kuverengeka semacaricatures.
"Miganhu" yekukunda kwechiremera chepamutemo ichi inogona kuiswa chete neruzhinji rwakabatikana, sezvakaitika kuma'30s uye nedzimwe nguva dzenhoroondo apo "vatenzi" vakadzorwa. Iko hakuna mhinduro dzakakwana kumibvunzo pamusoro pematanho akakodzera. Pane nhungamiro uye zvishuwo, asi sarudzo dzehungwaru dzinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Uye havafaniri kuzvidzwa seโkungongwarira chete.โ Ndidzo sarudzo dzinotsamira pahupenyu hwevanhu - munguva yazvino, kunyangwe kupona.
Ongororo inoratidza kuti ruzhinji rwevanhu vekuAmerica vanoda kuona shanduko huru muhurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika. Tingagadzirisa sei hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hweUS? Somuenzaniso, mitemo ipi inoda kuchinjwa?
Handisi kunzwa chivimbo pamusoro pezvinoda ruzhinji. Uyezve, izvo vanhu vanoda zvinoumbwa nehuwandu hwesarudzo dzavanoona. Izvi, zvakare, zvinonyanya kurongeka nemasangano anotonga, ayo ari pamwero mukuru mumaoko e "vatenzi vevanhu."
Somuenzaniso, nhasi zvingasarudzwa ndezvokuti โkuwana basa kana kufa nenzara,โ saka kuwana basa kunoonekwa sechimwe chezvinangwa zvikuru muupenyu. Mumazuva ekutanga echimurenga cheindasitiri, vanhu vekuAmerica vaiona โkuwana basaโ sekurwisa kusingashiviriri kwekodzero dzevanhu nechiremera. Vainzwisisa kuti zvaireva kuzviisa pasi kuna tenzi kwemaawa ako mazhinji ekumuka. Uye vakanga vane dzimwe nzira mundangariro. Sirogani yeKnights of Labor, sangano guru rekutanga revashandi, yakanga iri yokuti โavo vanoshanda muzvigayo vanofanira kuva varidzi vazvo.โ Chinhu chipi nechipi chakaderera pane icho chakanga chisingashiviriki.
Zvichakadaro varimi mune yaimbove nyika yainyanya kurima vakatsvaga kuumba โcooperative commonwealthโ umo varimi vaizoshanda pamwe chete, pasina mabhanga ekuchamhembe nemamaneja emisika. Ndiyo yechokwadi populist kufamba, iyo yakatanga kutanga kushamwaridzana ne Knights. Kuedza kwavo kwakadzvanywa nemhirizhonga yenyika uye yakavanzika, kumwe kukundwa kwedemocracy yakanyanyisa. Uye "izvo vanhu vanoda" zvakabva zvachinja, sezvo sarudzo dzavaigona kuona dzakaderedzwa.
Basa revarongi nevaratidziri nderekutanga kutyora zvisungo zvehutongi hwepfungwa uye kubatsira vanhu kunzwisisa kuti kune nzira dzekutarisa nyika dzakasiyana nedzakavakwa nevatenzi nemasangano avo epfungwa. Izvo zvinozogonesa shanduko mune izvo vanhu vanoda. Kozouya mibvunzo yakakosha yekuti chii chinofanira kuchinjwa, uye sei.
Dambudziko remamiriro ekunze riri kuramba richiwedzera. Kungotora mienzaniso mishomanana yakasununguka, masaisai ekupisa ari kuparadza zvinyorwa mumativi makuru eUnited States uye mushumo wemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi wokusanaya kwemvura kweFrance unoratidza kuti kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kuri โkusadzoreka.โ Hazvishamisi kuti kuratidzira kwemamiriro ekunze munyika yose kwawedzera uye kwave kunyanyisa. Ko kuratidzira kwemamiriro ekunze kunovhiringidza kunobatsira kana kutadzisa kukurumidza kweshanduko inoenderera?
Pano tinotarisana nemibvunzo yakaoma yematekiniki, ayo senguva dzose akakosha zvakanyanya. Ndeapi marudzi emaitiro achaunza vanhu vazhinji kuti vashande nesimba mukudzivirira Kuparara Kwechitanhatu, uye kuponesa nzanga yevanhu kubva munjodzi iri kuuya iyo vatenzi vari kutyaira? Uye ndedzipi sarudzo dzeunyanzvi dzichakanganisa chinangwa ichi chakakosha nekubvisa vanhu? Iko hakuna algorithm, hapana mhinduro yakajairika. Zvinofanira kunyatsofungwa. Pachave nemhinduro dzakasiyana munzvimbo nenguva dzakasiyana.
Hatigone kusimbisa kazhinji zvakakwana, kana zvakanyanya zvakakwana, kuti nyaya iyi yakakosha sei. Tiri kuenda kunjodzi pamwero unotyisa, unokurumidza kukurumidza nezviitiko zvichangobva kuitika. Kupinda kweRussia kuUkraine kwakave nemhedzisiro yakakura pakugadzirwa kwemafuta efossil, izvo zvichakurumidza kutiparadza kana zvikasadzikiswa. Hondo yakadzora matanho akaganhurirwa kunzvenga ngwavaira. Kana izvozvo zvikabvumirwa kuenderera mberi, tinenge taparara.
Pane chikonzero here chekufungira kuti chikamu chinotevera chebudiriro yehupfumi, chakavakirwa pamwe pakuchinja kwegirinhi, chichava nemvumo yakakura uye ive nehutongi hwejekerere kupfuura kurongeka kwemagariro nehupfumi?
Mubvunzo uripo ndewekuti kuchave nedanho rinotevera rekuvandudza hupfumi. Kana kuti, chokwadi, nhanho inotevera yenhoroondo yevanhu zvachose kunze kwayo sauve qui peut: Bata zvaunogona iwe pachako uye pamwe utize kuparadzwa uye mhirizhonga nekurova bhiza paElon Musk yekupedzisira spaceship kuenda kuMars.
Nhanho inotevera ichava iyo, kana ichava shanduko yakasvibirira, chaiyo: hapana greenwashing, hapana fakery umo fossil mafuta uye maindasitiri emari ane hunyanzvi. Isu tinoziva zvinofanirwa kuitwa uye zvinogona kuitwa, zvinogoneka. Nzira dziripo. Chiri mubvunzo kuda uye kuzvipira.
Kana tikakwanisa kusvika kure zvakadaro, pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekutarisira kuti shanduko yegirinhi yechokwadi inogona kutungamira kune yakanyanyisa kurongeka kwevanhu, uye hupenyu huri nani.
Sarudzo yedu, uye kwete nguva yakawanda yekunonoka.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta