Mukutarisana nekusabatanidzwa kubva mumari yaidiwa zvakanyanya uye nekutyisidzirwa kudzingwa muEuropean Union, paramende yeGreek parizvino yakavhota kuti ibvume. Troika memorandum. Mutungamiriri weGreek Alexis Tsipras akabvuma - kusiyana nevemagariro evanhu Kusarudza kushandisa neoliberalism sechikamu che'mazuva ano' - kuti ichi chaive 'chakaipa' chakamanikidzwa maGiriki. Nhengo dzeParamende dzeSyriza dzakapatsanurwa kunyangwe zvikamu zvitatu muzvina zvakatevera Tsipras ndokuvhotera hongu. Kunze kweSyntagma Square zviuru zvevaratidziri vakatsamwa zvakaungana ndokufamba nemudhorobha reAthens, panguva ino 'NO' yakachengeterwa kuramba memorandamu. Pane mhirizhonga yakasimba mubato reSyriza Central Committee, iyo isati yasangana. Zvakadaro pane pfungwawo yatinowana kubva kunhengo dzebato nevatsigiri pamatanho ese atataura navo pano ekuti hurumende ngaitsigirwe uye irambe ichitonga.
Tichitarisana nekupatsanurana uku uye kuvhiringidzika, ko kana paine chingaitwe kumutsiridza nekuenderera mberi nekurwisa kweSyriza kurwisa neoliberalism? Uye sezvo neoliberalism ndiyo inonzi capitalism is nhasi - hakuna rumwe rudzi - chii chingaitwa kuisa hwaro hwekupedza capitalism? Uyu hausi mubvunzo wevaGiriki chete, kunyangwe zvakakosha zvedambudziko iri ndezvechokwadi kuGreece, asi kuti veruboshwe kwese kwese vanofunga uye vanopindura sei kumatambudziko ekuuya pamasimba munzvimbo ine hutsinye kuyedza kudzivirira vanhu kubva Kudzikira kwakaipisisa kweneoliberalism, uye kuyedza kutanga 'shanduko dziriko chaizvo' kuenda kune imwe nyika yakaenzana, yakabatana, ine hutongi hwejekerere.
Zvikamu zveGreek kuruboshwe uye chikamu chakanaka chenyika dzese chakasara chakapokana kuti chibvumirano chaifanira kunge charambwa, uye Grexit akambundira panzvimbo. Izvi zvinovhura mamiriro akati wandei asi chingangove hurumende ichisiya basa, ichidaidza sarudzo nyowani, uye Syriza ichimhanya pachirongwa chakadzosera tsigiro yayaimbova nayo kuti irambe iri muEurozone. Kuti bato ringakunda here kana kuti kwete, kuvimbika kwaro, maererano nenharo iyi, kwaizochengetedzwa uye raizorarama kurwa rimwe zuva.
Kubuda muEuro, Kusiya Nyika
Hatingarambi nharo dziri pamusoro apa. Inoratidza zviri pamutemo manzwiro manzwiro uye mazano mazano. Kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika, zvakadaro, vatatu vevaGiriki vana vakapokana neGrexit, uye kunyangwe izvi zvachinja zvakanyanya nereferendamu uye nemhedzisiro yayo, hapana kubvumirana kwakajeka uye kwakadzama pakusiya. Tsipras uye chikamu chakanaka chehutungamiriri, mune izvi, kwete kungo 'kumisa' veruzhinji asi kuzvipira zvakanyanya kuEurope pane zvese zvehupfumi netsika. Kune avo vedu vakagara vachikakavadzana kuti pakupedzisira kubuda kwakakosha, kunyanya kubva pakuona kwesocialist, dambudziko harina kunyanya kupa mhosva izvi asi kubvunza: Ndeipi nguva yakakodzera kutora izvi? Ndeapi matanho anoshanda, epfungwa uye maererano nemasimba ehurumende, angangokakavadzana pari zvino kuti afambise bato nehwaro hwaro kuti vawirirane?
Kana iri yekuraira Syriza kuti iite njodzi yekurasikirwa nehutongi hwayo, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti Syriza yakatotarisana nemubvunzo uyu pamberi pesarudzo dze2012, uye yakagumisa kuti danho rine chekuita raive rekupinda muhurumende uye kuita zvese zvainogona kumisa mhirizhonga. neoliberal kurwiswa kubva mukati nyika. Kubudirira kwayo musarudzo gore iroro kwakavakirwa pamashoko aTsipras ekuti Syriza yakanga isiri kungokurudzira kunyoresa vanhu vakawanda kubva muzana asi yakatsunga kuumba hurumende nevamwe vaizobatana nayo mukumisa kushungurudzwa kwehupfumi vachiri muEurope. Pakanga pangosvika pakuda kuhwina pachikonzero ichi, apo Syriza akakwidibira kumberi kwekutariswa nevekunze kwenyika, uye nezhizha rinotevera, Tsipras akasarudzwa neEuropean Left Parties kutungamira mushandirapamwe wavo musarudzo dzeParamende yeEuropean muna 2014. Kukunda kwakajeka kwaSyriza muGreece musarudzo iyi kwakafanotaura kukunda kwayo musarudzo yenyika yeGreece yaNdira 2015, payakava yekutanga uye yega yemapato ese eEuropean akasiya kupikisa neoliberalism uye kuhwina chigaro chenyika.
Kunyangwe kunze kwezviyero zvekubatsira vanhu izvo zvakakurumidza kuunza pasina kubvumira vamiriri veTroika kuti vatarise mutemo, kuedza chaiko kwehurumende itsva kupikisa Troika kwakabatsira kuburitsa pachena humbowo hweEU uye kuunza nhaurirano pamusoro pezvipi zvingasarudzwa, kunyangwe zvakaoma. kufungidzira, zvingava. Zvinotirova senguva isati yakwana kuti tipedze kubva kudenouement kusvika kune iyi mwedzi mishanu dambudziko iro rakazosvikwa svondo rino, zvisinei kuti zvave kutyisa, kuti zviri nani kuti Syriza asiye nyika kune vapikisi vayo vebourgeois. Zvinoita sezviri nani kutama kupfuura kutsamwa uye kuratidzira, rega kusiya basa, uye pachinzvimbo chekunetseka nemhando dzipi dzekuchinja dzinoramba dzichigoneka mudunhu kutsigira zvinodiwa neruzhinji rwevanhu veGreek vakavhota OXI mureferendamu, uye kubatsira kune zvakawanda. -inoda kumwe kuvandudzwa kwekwaniso yavo yakatoratidzwa zvinesimba yekubatana nekuvandudza. Pasina iyi nzira ine pundutso kubva mueurozone, uye pamwe kunyangwe EU, kutiza neoliberalism zvingave zvisingafungidzike. Izvi ndizvo, kwete kungoita zvekuvanzika kuronga kwemari nyowani, kugadzirira zvakanaka kweGrexit kwaizoda kuve pamusoro.
Vaya vanotsigira kubuda mueuro vanobvuma kuti pachava nemari. Zvakadaro ivo vanowanzo tsikitsira, dzimwe nguva zvinyoro-nyoro, nyonganiso iyi inogona kunyanya kune nyika yakanyura mumazana maviri emakore ekuita kwevatengi. Pamwe chete neizvi zvinouya kuwedzeredza kwezvinobuda mueuro, pachazvo, zvingaite. Upfumi hwemari itsva yakaderedzwa zvechokwadi huchatungamirira kukukwira kwemitengo kwakakwirira nokumwe kuderera kunoshamisa kwemararamiro, uyewo iwo umene haugoni kugadzira maindasitiri matsva emakwikwi. Uko kudzika kwedambudziko kwakanyanya sezvazviri muGreece, uye chikamu chakadzika midzi ipapo mukugadziridzwa kwehupfumi hwayo hwakauya nekubatanidzwa kwayo kwakadzama muEurope, shanduko mumari haigone kudzorera maindasitiri ekare kana kugadzira matsva. Zvakakodzera kurangarira kuti ingani nyika dzine mari dzadzo dzisingakwanise kutsungirira kuparadza kweneoliberalism.
Kuti sarudzo dzakavhurika kuhurumende yeSyriza dzakatonyanya kushomeka nenzira iyo memorandamu itsva yakarongedzerwa kuranga zvine hutsinye kubatanidzwa kweGreece muNeoliberal Europe zviri pachena zvakakwana. Zvinofanirawo kuwedzera kuve pachena kune avo vari mubato vane kuzvipira kuEU kwakava nheyo kuti kugara muEurozone hazvienderane nekudzora kukanganisa kweneoliberalism kune vazhinji veGreek. Zvakawanda zvinotarisirwa kuti Syriza, neEuropean Left Parties zvakazara, vachasiya pfungwa yekuti imwe nyika yepakati penyika yeEurope ichave inofambira mberi. Asi hazviteveri kubva kune chero cheizvi kuti zvingave zvakanaka kuti Syriza atungamire Grexit izvozvi, pasina gadziriro yakadzama yekubata nemhedzisiro.
Zvakadini nekusiya chigaro kuti zvisunungurwe pakutungamirira memorandamu? Zvingave zvisingatarisirwi zvakanyanya, kana wapinda muhurumende pakutanga uchivimbisa kuyedza kugadzirisa mhedzisiro yeneoliberalism muGreece, kusiya chigaro izvozvi mushure mezvakatemerwa hurumende yeSyriza nekuda kwemaitiro ayo anopokana neoliberal uye demokrasi. temerity pakudaidza referendamu. Izvi zvinongodzamisa basa rayo rekuita zvese zvarinogona kudzora kukanganiswa kweneoliberalism. Kuita zvakasiyana kunenge kuri kubvuma muchinangwa cheavo vakaedza kushandisa nhaurirano senzira yekudzikisa hurumende iyi pasi.
Kuenda kuChirongwa Chechokwadi B
Nyaya yatiri kuwana ndeyekuti kuronga nyaya maererano nehurongwa A hwakaneta (kutaurirana neEurope) uye kurambwa kweeuro (Chirongwa B) inzira shoma yekuronga matambudziko akatarisana neSyriza. Zvinosanganisirwa nekugadzirira kwakadzama kwekusiya eurozone, uye pamwe neEU kuvaka pane hukama hwekubatana hwakagadzirwa munharaunda kuti vatsungirire dambudziko sehwaro hwekutanga kushandura hukama hwemagariro mukati meGreece.. Ndiro hurongwa chaihwo B, iyo nzvimbo iyo Syriza nemafambisirwo emagariro anogona kusimbisa zvakare izvozvi. Chii, kunyanya, izvi zvingarevei?
Makore achangopfuura ekurwisa akagadzira bato rakakurumbira remubatanidzwa rakatanga - sekuronga kwese kunofanirwa - nekugadzirisa zvinodiwa nevanhu. Kubva pane izvi yakakura mamwe 400 mapoka ekubatana yose muGreece yose ichigadzirisa zvinodiwa munharaunda kuburikidza nemasangano akazvironga egutsaruzhinji anopa rutsigiro rwehutano hwevanhu, chikafu, pekugara nezvimwe zvinodiwa. Nhengo dzeSyriza dzaive pakati peavo vakabatikana zvakanyanya mukutanga nekuchengetedza mubatanidzwa uye vamiriri vayo vakasarudzwa muna 2012 vakapa makumi maviri muzana emihoro yavo kwavari. Asi kubva hurumende yeSyriza yakasarudzwa gore rino haina kuita zvishoma kwazvo kuchinja nekushandisa nyika kuti itsigire nekuwedzera hurongwa uhu hunoshamisa.
Vatungamiriri vaviri vegungano re'Solidarity for All' vemapoka aya vakatiudza kushushikana kwavakaita kuti vainge vasisakwanise kuwana kubva kubazi rezvekurima ruzivo rwavanoda nezvenzvimbo dzinenge dzichirimwa zvirimwa kuitira kuti vataurirane nevarimi vakawanda. gadzira hukama hwakananga pakati pavo nevanhu vanoshaya. Vanhu gumi nevaviri chete ndivo vakapinzwa mabasa mukushandira Solidarity for All โ huwandu hwavo hunofanira kuwanzwa nerubatsiro rwehurumende. Marori emauto akagara asina chaanoita pakati pekuratidzira anogona kushandiswa kufambisa kugovaniswa kwechikafu kuburikidza nesolidarity network senzira yekudzoreredza kumwe kuderedzwa kune vanotambura mudyandigere, uye kubhadharira yakawedzera VAT pachikafu chakaiswa nememorandamu yazvino. Mapazi ehurumende akasiyana-siyana anogona kuita mucherechedzo wevhu risina basa - iro riine zvakawanda kumaruwa uye nekuda kwedambudziko zvakare mumaguta - izvo zvinogona kupihwa kunharaunda co-ops kuti vagadzire basa mukurima chikafu, uye kuronga. izvi kumativi madiki.
Bazi rezvedzidzo rinofanirwa kushingaira mukusimudzira kushandiswa kwezvikoro senzvimbo dzenharaunda dzinopa nzvimbo dzemafambisirwo emagariro anoronga nezvekudya nezveutano, uye kupawo dzidzo yehunyanzvi inoenderana neizvi. Takataura nevadzidzi vakawanda vainyatsofarira kushanda munharaunda asi vakakurumidza kubvuma kuti kunyange zvazvo vakanga vane unyanzvi pakukwikwidza musarudzo dzemubatanidzwa wevadzidzi uye vaigona pakugovera mapepa nokuronga kuratidzira, hunyanzvi hwavo hwekuronga nharaunda kwenguva refu hwakanga hwakanyanya. limited. Bazi reDzidzo rinogona kubatsira kukunda izvi nekugadzira zvirongwa zvakakosha zvekugadzirira vadzidzi kupedza nguva vari munharaunda, vachibatsira mudzidzo yevakuru uye kushanda muzvirongwa zvenharaunda.
Saizvozvo, hupfumi hunomanikidzwa kuGreek nyika inofanirwa kuperekedzwa nezvinodiwa kuti varidzi vatsva vaite chitsidzo chekumisikidza mapaki emaindasitiri uko mabasa matsva anogona kugadzirwa. Mafemu akazvimiririra anogona kudiwa kuti awane zvekushandisa mukati meGreece, nepo nyika ichitenga fenicha, zvekushandisa uye zvekushandisa (kusanganisira zvezvikoro nezvipatara) zvinogona kutorwa kubva kumayuniti matsva ekugadzira akamiswa nenzira iyi. Nezvivakwa zvakawanda zvakamira zvisina basa uye zvisingashandiswe (sezvivakwa zvemitambo yeOlympic), maitiro ese emaco-ops nemabhizinesi madiki anofanirwa kutsigirwa mukugadzira mashandiro mazviri, achibatsirwa nemapoka evadiki vavaki uye mainjiniya akatorwa kuti agadzirise nzvimbo idzi. . Chibvumirano Chitsva cheUS Work Projects Administration inogona kushanda semuenzaniso kwete mune izvi chete, asi kunyanya maererano nehupamhi hwezviitwa zvehunyanzvi, zvemitambo uye zvetsika umo vechidiki vazhinji vasina mabasa vatobatikana.
Hatidi kuwedzera izvi. Zviyedzo izvi pachazvo hazvingave 'mhinduro'. Uye ivo pasina mubvunzo vaizotungamira mukupokana kuti vanoramba chinangwa chechiyeuchidzo chitsva chekugadzirisa zvimiro zvinodiwa. Asi vachionekwa zvine hungwaru, vanokoka nzira inovaka yekubatanidza nyika nenharaunda nenzira itsva dzinozobvisa misika mitema negrey izvo zvingangoremedza hupfumi hwakabuda muEurozone. Uye inobatsira kuisa hwaro hwechikamu chitsva mukugadzirisa zvipingamupinyi zvemumba zvakaiswa nekusaenzana kwehupfumi uye pfuma yakazvimirira, uye inosimbisa kukosha kwekuronga kwekudyara uye muridzi weveruzhinji kuitira kutenderedza nzanga yakasara kumatunhu, matunhu uye zvikamu.
Mhedziso: Hutungamiri hweRudzi rutsva
Hurumende yeSyriza parizvino inochengeta dura rekuda kwakanaka, kunyangwe izvi zvakanganiswa nememorandamu. Kuti udzivise kuwedzera kukukurwa kwerutsigiro rwakakurumbira zvinozoda kupikisa zvine hungwaru mutemo wakatemerwa neTroika. Pamutemo wega wega wakashata wainoburitsa inofanirwa kuburitsa zvine hungwaru bhiri rinosimbisa kuenderera kwayo kuzvipira mukurwisa neoliberalism. Vashumiri veSyriza havafanirwe kubva pakubata izvo zvisiri izvo sechinhu chakanaka, uye zvechokwadi vanotarisirwa kuita sevadzidzisi vesocialist, vachibatsira vanhu kunzwisisa zvipingamupinyi zvekuvandudza hupenyu hwavo nekusimudza pane kudzikisa tarisiro yenguva refu nekuramba vachirwisa neoliberalism uye kutaura kune chiono chesocialist chekubatana uye democracy. Uye izvi ndizvo zvinofanirwa kukurudzira uye kutungamira shanduko yezvimiro zvehurumende kubva kune yekare clientism.
Hapana chimwe cheizvi chinogona kuitika kunze kwekunge Syriza sebato yavandudza hunhu uye kugona kutungamira nyika yeGreek nenharaunda munzira iyi. Takasangana nevanhu vari mubato uye masangano emagariro, pamwe nenyika, vanonetsekana kuti Syriza inodonha zvakanyanya mune izvi. Pakati pezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushoropodza Syriza, ichi ndicho chinonyanya kukosha.
Sam Gindin ndiye adjunct purofesa uye Leo Panitch ane mukurumbira purofesa wekutsvagisa paYunivhesiti yeYork, Canada. Vakanyora pamwe chete Kuitwa kweGlobal Capitalism: Iyo Yezvematongerwo enyika Economy yeAmerican Empire (Verso). Vese vari vaviri parizvino vari muAthens, Greece.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta
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Ndinofunga murikuti isu tiri nani kuvhotera mambakwedza egoridhe
Mubvunzo wangu ndewekuti sei uchizoda kumutsiridza zvinonzwisa tsitsi, hurumende yeSyriza? Kana isu takadzidza chero chinhu, ndezvekuti dambudziko reEurozone, uye zvechokwadi dambudziko repasi rose, rehupfumi uye rezvematongerwo enyika haringagone, kugadziriswa kuburikidza nedemocracy inomiririra. Kusarudza vane vavariro yakanaka, vanosiya kuti vatitonge uye pamusoro pedu kwakafanana nekupopota nemhepo.
PS kune avo vasati vazviwana, iyo State ndiyo dambudziko kwete mhinduro.