Zvinyorwa zvaKim Moody pa "Chiyero neFaira Strategy" zvakanzwikwa zvakanyanya mukati memapoka akasiyana emasocialist, akadai seDemocratic Socialists of America nemapoka madiki esocialist. Yake yepakutanga pamphlet kubva ku2000 inotaura nezvechirongwa ichi maererano nezvose zviri zviviri kuvaka patsva pesvedzero yesocialist mubato revashandi uye senzira yekuvaka rimwe bato rinotungamirwa nevashandi muUSA.
Recently Moody inoputira pfungwa yekuvaka masangano-uye-faira masangano evashandi mumamiriro emubatanidzwa nenzira iyi:
“Kuvaka chinzvimbo uye simba rokurwira rusununguko rwemibatanidzwa kubva kupesvedzero ye<em>capitalist, murutivi runopfuudzwa nevakuru vakuru, ibasa rinokosha mukuvaka sangano revashandi rinongwarira kirasi—chimwe chinhu icho chisati chiripo chisoshamiridzo chinongoramba chiri bedzi boka repfungwa.”
Sei kutonga kwevashandi kwesangano remubatanidzwa kwakakosha? Pano ndinofunga zvakakosha kuti titarise maitiro ekuumbwa kwekirasi - iyo yakawanda kana shoma nzira iyo vashandi vanokunda kufatalism uye kupatsanurwa kwemukati (pamwe nemitsara yedzinza uye murume kana mukadzi semuenzaniso), vanowana ruzivo rwezvematongerwo enyika, uye kuvaka chivimbo. , zvishuvo uye simba resangano rinodiwa kuti riise dambudziko rinobudirira kumakirasi anotonga. Kana vashandi vachigadzira simba kuburikidza nekukanganisa mubatanidzwa, izvi zvinokurudzira pfungwa yekuti "tinogona kuchinja nzanga." Kusvika pamwero wekuti vashandi vanodzora kutamburira kwavo uye masangano, izvi zvinovandudza kusatya uye hunyanzvi pakati pechinzvimbo uye faira. Kudzora masangano nevashandi vanobhadharwa uye vashandi hazviite izvi. Masangano makuru evashandi anozvitarisira - kwete mibatanidzwa chete asi mamwe marudzi emasangano zvakare - anopa zambuko apo vane mhirizhonga mumamiriro ezvinhu vanogona kubatanidza zvichemo zvevashandi biyavo kune hurongwa hwekuda shanduko inopihwa nemasocialists. Kukudziridza kubatana kwakasimba kwekirasi-yakakura kwakakosha kuhurongwa hwekuvaka simba reshanduko yemagariro nekuti boka revashandi rinoda "kuunganidza masimba aro" kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekurwira kuti vaumbe mubatanidzwa wemagariro akabatana ane zvese simba uye chishuvo chekuchinja. Nenzira iyi boka revashandi "rinozviumba" rimene kuva simba rinogona kuchinja nzanga.
Nzira iyo hurumende inobhadharwa yevakuru vakuru uye sangano ravo revashandi vanoita senzira yekuvandudza kurwisana nevashandirwi inopa zvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana-siyana mukuvandudzwa kwekurwisana kwevashandi kunovaka pfungwa yesimba-uye-faira simba revashandi uye rinoda kugura. nzira yekuumbwa kwekirasi. Zvikamu zvehurumende mumibatanidzwa nemapato esarudzo zvinowanzoita kuti vashandi varambe vari muhusungwa kuhupfuriri. Muchirongwa ichi zvine musoro kuvaka sangano revashandi rakazvimiririra kubva kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa - network nemakomiti evashandi vanorwira vanogona kushanda kuti vagadzirise kunetsana muchitoro uye kusundira kune hukasha uye hwakarongeka kurwisana nevashandirwi.
Hapana Kufarira Kuvaka Masangano Matsva
Chiratidzo cheMoody's "Rank and File Strategy" kushaikwa kwechido chekuedza kuvaka mibatanidzwa mitsva kunze kwemibatanidzwa yemhando yeAFL-CIO yakagara nhaka - kunyangwe Moody vachiziva hunhu hwavo hwakanyanya. Ichi chave chiri chinhu chakajairika cheLeninist uye "democratic socialist" maitiro kune bato revashandi kubva panguva yePopular Front yekupera kwema1930s. Tichifunga kuti chete 6.2 muzana yevashandi mubazi rakazvimirira ndevemibatanidzwa, sei uchifunga kuti mubatanidzwa unogona kungoitwa patsva kubva mukati memubatanidzwa wakasarudzika weAFL-CIO-mhando?
Kune veLeninists, mafungiro aya ane mabviro ayo akatorwa nemaKomonisiti kumakore ekuma1920, kuburikidza naWilliam Z Foster's Trade Union Educational League (TUEL). Moody rinoreva kune TUEL se "yekutanga kuyedza mudanho-uye-faira zano." Kunyangwe vashandi vanosvika miriyoni pakati pa1915 na1921 vakavaka mibatanidzwa yemaindasitiri kunze kweiyo AFL yakarongeka (uye kazhinji ine rusaruraganda), Foster aishora zvakanyanya mafambiro aya. Akatenda kuti shanduko yevashandi inofanirwa kugadzirwa kubva mukati meAFL yakagara nhaka. Paakazova mukomunisiti, Foster akatora dzidziso yekuti miganhu yeAFL yakanga isiri muchimiro chayo chepamusoro-pasi kana kutonga nevakuru vanobhadharwa vari pamusoro. Asi, akatenda kuti yaive "rectionary ideology" yevatungamiriri. Izvi zvaireva kuti mhinduro yaive yekuchinja vatungamiriri.
Basa re "vadiki vemauto" mumibatanidzwa yanga iri dingindira rakajairika revaanarchist, syndicalists uye mamwe maitiro evashandi mukutanga 1900s. "Vashoma vemauto" vangave vashandi vanoshanda zvakanyanya vanoronga, vane pesvedzero nekuda kweruzivo rwavo, uye vakazvipira zvakanyanya kuhondo, kuvaka mubatanidzwa, uye kazhinji vanokurudzirwa nepfungwa dzekuda zvekuchinja kukuru. Zvakadaro, maSyndicalists havana kuona basa re "vashoma vemauto" sekuzvitsiva ivo pachavo pachinzvimbo uye faira asi sevanhu vanobatsira kuvaka democracy yevashandi inobvumira chinzvimbo uye faira kutonga mubatanidzwa. Maonero aFoster akanga akasiyana. Foster aidavira kuti “nhamba duku” ye“waya mhenyu” pakati peboka risinganyanyi kuita zvakanga zviri “uropi” hwesangano rebasa. Saka zano raFoster rebato revashandi raive rekuita kuti vekutanga vave pachinzvimbo chekutonga. Kusimbisa kwakasimba kwekutonga kwenzvimbo dzepamusoro kwakatsinhirwa naFoster's associate Earl Browder:
"Kana iri TUEL, Browder aitenda kuti" vashoma, vakadzidza kwazvo veCommunist mumasangano makuru, vakabatana pachirongwa chakajeka chekuita chiito, vanogona kuwana zvinzvimbo zvesimba mubasa rakarongeka. Yakanga iri chirevo che "manejimendi", chakavakirwa mumutsara wezvisiri zvepfungwa kunyengera, kutonga, uye kutonga kwevashandi.
Moody anobvuma kuti Foster's elitism:
“[Foster] aiva nemaonero emukurumbira weiri basa pamwe chete nekatsika kekuchengeta kudzora kwomunhu oga pakuvhiya. Muna 1922, akanyora kuti vashandi vakawanda vezvinzvimbo uye mafaira vakanga 'vasingazivi uye vane usimbe.' Muna 1924, akaudza mutsigiri Scott Nearing, 'Chimurenga hachiunzwa nerudzi rwevanoona zviri kure vaunofunga, asi neruzhinji rwakapusa… vapanduki vanokwanisa kutungamira dutu nehungwaru kurwisa capitalism.'”(37)
Nekuda kweruvengo rwaFoster kumubatanidzwa mutsva wenguva yeHondo Yenyika 1, aifanira kuuya neimwe mhinduro yekusashanda mubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa mubato reAmerica revashandi. Mhinduro yeTUEL yaive yekukurudzira "kubatanidza" mibatanidzwa yevashandi kuti vaumbe mibatanidzwa yemaindasitiri. Zano reTUEL “rokuronga zvisina kurongeka” raive rekushandisa mubatanidzwa wemaindasitiri aya kuita basa iri. Iyi yaive mhinduro isingashande zvachose. Mishandirapamwe yekubatanidza neTUEL mukati memakore ekuma1920 yakakundikana zvachose.
Sangano reCommunist International rakanga rapa murayiro wokufora kumuzinda waro weindasitiri: “Kunda mibatanidzwa!” Zano raFoster raive rekuita izvo chaizvo - nekushandisa bato reTUEL kutora hutungamiriri hwemibatanidzwa yeAFL. Mazuva ano vamiriri ve "rank-and-file strategy" vanotsigira "kuda simba," sezvavanokudana; ndiko kuti, kuvaka masangano emubatanidzwa kuti awane kutonga kwemidziyo yemubatanidzwa kuburikidza nesarudzo. Sezvakaitwa naWilliam Z Foster, nzira iyi yakavakirwa padzidziso isiriyo. Dambudziko guru remibatanidzwa yemhando yeAFL-CIO haritsanangurwi se“vatungamiriri vakaipa” kana vatungamiriri vane “pfungwa dzisiridzo” — kunyangwe ichi chiri chokwadi. Dambudziko ranyanya systemic.
Kana murwi akasarudzwa semutungamiri wemubatanidzwa wemuno, vanogona kufarira maitiro ekurwisana kune hutungamiri pakutanga. Asi ivo vachawanawo kuti ivo vakanyudzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kune "hurongwa" hwose nezvinetso nemiganhu. Vakatarisana nekondirakiti isina-kuramwa mabasa uye masisitimu ekunyunyuta anobvisa kurwa kubva mushopfloor. Vakatarisanawo nebumbiro remutemo re "international union" nesimba reInternational Executive Board - sesimba rayo rekutora masangano emuno uye kudzinga vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa kana vachiona hutungamiriri hwenzvimbo sehuisa mungozi chinzvimbo chemubatanidzwa. Kwemakumi mana emakore apfuura kwave nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvevakuru vemubatanidzwa venzvimbo vakadzingwa apo ivo vakateedzera mhirizhonga kune vatungamiriri vemubatanidzwa wenyika - kubva kunyaya yeUFCW P-9 muma1980s kusvika kuvatungamiriri veSEIU United Healthcare Workers West in. makore achangopfuura. Panogona kuve nekusasimba kwezuva nezuva munzvimbo dzebasa dzemubatanidzwa uyu - dzakaora nemakore ekutamisa nyama yemombe kumusoro kwemanera kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekunyunyuta. Uye vashandi vanogona kutarisa kumubatanidzwa sesangano rebasa rinovaitira zvinhu. Kutora mukana kwevashandi zvisina simba uye kurongeka kwechitoro kunoreva kushomeka kwesimba pakati pevashandi.
Kim Moody anoziva yedambudziko iri. Sezvaanotaura, “vatungamiriri vatsva” vacha“nangana nezvinetso, dzvinyiriro uye vavengi zvakafanana nezvavakadzinga.” Vatungamiri vatsva "vachakundikana," anotiudza, kana "vakasaita democracy mubatanidzwa, kushandura maitiro ayo ekutaurirana, kusimudzira nhengo nepose pavanogona napo, kudzidzisa nhengo, kuvaka mibatanidzwa yakakura, uye ... kuvandudza nzvimbo yebasa nevatariri. ' sangano - ndiko kuti, kusimudzira kurongeka kwevashandi pachavo. "
Kusvika ikozvino, zvakanaka. Mibatanidzwa yemunharaunda inzvimbo iyo vashandi vanogona kutora chikamu uye vanogona kukwanisa kushandisa democracy yemubatanidzwa kuita shanduko - kusanganisira shanduko yekuti ndiani anozadza zvinzvimbo zvepamusoro. Dzimwe nguva zvikwata zvevapanduki zvakatora masangano emuno uye zvakatora danho rekurwisana uye rekutora chikamu. Asi chii chinonzi kupera-mutambo? Masangano emuno anongova masangano ekutonga eInternational Executive Board zviri pamutemo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero International Executive Boards inogona kungodzinga vatungamiriri venzvimbo vakasarudzwa uye kugadza vadzvanyiriri kuti vatore mubatanidzwa. Iyi ndiyo tsika yeAFL uye ndiwo matongero akaita matare. I "international unions" inzvimbo yehutungamiri hwepamusoro hwemubatanidzwa. Mukana chete wekutora chikamu-uye-faira pano uri mumakonisheni asingawanzo. Mukuita zvibvumirano zvinowanzodzorwa nevatungamiriri vanobhadharwa nevashandi - kusanganisira mafiefdom akasiyana-siyana anotungamira masangano emuno. Ini ndinofunga kuti hapana mukana wakawanda wekuti mibatanidzwa yenyika seUAW, SEIU kana UFCW ichazomboshandurwa kuita inozvimiririra, masangano evashandi anorwisa, kana hwaro hwekuvaka inozvitonga yesocialism.
Democratic Centralism uye Federalist Alternative
Kunyangwe kana mibatanidzwa yemuno iine gutsaruzhinji, mibatanidzwa yenyika inoumbwa sechimiro che "democratic centralism." Izvi zvinoreva kuti simba rinoiswa muvakuru vanobhadharwa vari pamusoro, kuti vafambise sangano. Kunyange kana vamiriri pamusangano wemubatanidzwa wenyika dzakawanda vakasarudzwa kuva nhumwa, International Executive Board inopihwa simba rekumhanyisa mubatanidzwa pakati pezvibvumirano zvisingawanzoitiki. "Democratic centralist" zvimiro zvinowanzopa simba kune yakabhadharwa bureaucratic layer mumibatanidzwa. Pane dambudziko rakafanana neriya rinodaidzwa kuti sarudzo "democracy" yenyika dzecapitalist. Mushure mekunge mapepa acheneswa pamadziro uye sarudzo dzapera, vagari havana nzira yekudzora zvinoitwa nevezvematongerwo enyika kana vangove muhofisi yehurumende. Uye izvi zvinowanzokonzera kusabatana pakati pezvisarudzo zvavo uye izvo zvingada ruzhinji rwevashandi munharaunda. Dambudziko rerudzi urwu riripowo ne "democratic centralism" mumubatanidzwa nemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika. Vese maLeninists nevesocial-democrats kare vakafarira "democratic centralism" mumibatanidzwa nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika.
Dambudziko ne "zviyero uye faira zano" kuzvipira kwayo kune yemukati yekuvandudza nzira iyo isinganyatso kupikisa iyi yepakati hunhu hwemibatanidzwa yemhando yeAFL-CIO. Hondo Yenyika 1 isati yasvika iyo "democratic centralist" chimiro chesocial-democratic European trade unions yakanga yatovaka dhizaini yaida kudzikamisa dhigirii rekupokana nemasimba-akadaro. Saka hazvina kushamisa pavakapinda mumutsara wekukurudzira hondo dzehurumende dzavo dzakasiyana-siyana. Kuisa pfungwa pakutonga mumahofisi anobhadharwa kumusoro kunogadzira kupatsanurwa kwemamiriro ehupenyu pakati pevakuru vanobhadharwa nevashandi uye vashandi-ne-faira vanogara pabasa. Vakuru vanouya kuzotarisa nezvekuchengetedza uye kupona kwesangano ravari kutonga. Hapana chikonzero chekufunga kuti iyi nzira yekuvandudza mubatanidzwa ichava nemhedzisiro yakasiyana kuenda kumberi kana paine shanduko muvatungamiriri. Dambudziko neiyo fomu yemubatanidzwa ndeye structural. Kuzvipira kune "democratic centralism" yeAFL-CIO-mhando mibatanidzwa inoita kuti "nzvimbo uye faira zano" mukati risaenderane.
Imwe nzira ye syndicalist ndeyekuvaka mibatanidzwa isingaise simba mu "netional executive board" kuti itungamirire mubatanidzwa kumusoro pasi. Asi, pfungwa nderekuti mubatanidzwa wemuno uye mubatanidzwa weguta rose wemibatanidzwa yemuno ive nehukama hwakachinjika kune mamwe mamubatanidzwa emuno uye mubatanidzwa wemuno wemibatanidzwa mune mamwe maguta nematunhu. Rudzi urwu rwekuchinjika federalist unionism chaive chimiro cheSpanish CNT nemamwe masyndicalist mibatanidzwa muma1920 uye '30s. Maitiro aya akarohwa nevanorova P-9 pakati pemakore ekuma1980 mushure mekunge UFCW "international union" yaita zvese zvayaigona kudzikamisa kunetsa kwevashandi vepanzvimbo-uye-faira kurongedza kurwisa kubvumidzwa kwevashandirwi. Varamwa mabasa ava vakaronga kuumba mubatanidzwa mutsva weindasitiri unotakura nyama unove mubatanidzwa wakachinjika wemibatanidzwa yemuno. Kuti vabatanidzwe mukurwisana nekambani yose, vakaronga matare echeni anoumbwa nenhume dzakabva kumibatanidzwa yomunzvimbomo. Nenzira yakafanana mubatanidzwa wose waizova mubatanidzwa wakatwasuka wemibatanidzwa yomunzvimbomo, unorongwa nedare rinobatanidza rinoumbwa nenhume dzichiri kushanda mumiti. Vanozvitaura seizvi:
"North American Meat Packers Union imubatanidzwa wevagari venzvimbo - inodzorwa nevagari veko ... Chinhu chekupedzisira chatinoda hurongwa hutsva hwekurota nzira nyowani dzekumisa dendere rayo ku" muzinda. Kana wako wemunharaunda afunga kuenda nenzira yake - kunyangwe kudzokera kuUFCW, iyo ichava rombo rako. Chinzvimbo uye kudzora faira zvinoreva chinzvimbo uye kutonga kwefaira.
Chokwadika, hapana vimbiso yokuti mubatanidzwa unozvitarisira uchadzivisa kuderera kana kuti miitiro yokungwarira munguva yemberi. Kubvutwa kwemasimba nevanoda mukana kunoramba kuri mukana. Kusvika pamwero wekuti vashandi vanoona kurwira sekurwira shanduko yakakosha munharaunda, izvi zvinopa kurudziro yekutora chikamu nekuzvipira. Nokudaro zvishuviro, "class consciousness" uye kuzvipira kwevashandi zvakakosha kuchengetedza kurwisana uye kuzvidzora kwehutano hwemubatanidzwa. Uye izvi zvinotidzosera kunyaya yevanomukira mumibatanidzwa nenzvimbo dzebasa, uye kugona kwevakasimba kuumba bhiriji kubva pazvichemo uye zviitiko zvevashandi venzvimbo-ne-faira kuenda kuchirongwa chechinangwa cheshanduko kune chimiro chinodzorwa nevashandi. socialism.
Tom Wetzel ndiye munyori we Kukunda Capitalism, iri kuuya kubva kuAK Press
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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