Kwakabva: Labor Network for Sustainability
Ramangwana reBiden's "Build Back Better" zvikumbiro-uye zvevanhu vanoshanda zvakaomarara munyika yese-zvinogona kutsamira kwete kune vane mahofisi muWashington chete asi nekuita kwevanhuwo zvavo mukupindura matambudziko akawanda anhasi. Maonero mashanu apfuura munhevedzano iyi akaongorora kuti vanhu vanoshanda vakashandisa sei "simba revanhu" kusvika parizvino muCoronavirus Depression. Rondedzero iyi inoongorora chiitiko chevazhinji kubva pakatanga denda uye ichichienzanisa neKuderera Kukuru kwema1930s. Tsanangudzo inotevera, "The Ramangwana reVanhu Simba muCoronavirus Depression,โ inotarisa basa rechiito chakakurumbira mumamiriro ezvinhu ezveupfumi nezvematongerwe enyika ari kusimukira nhasi uye inopa mazano echiito chenguva yemberi.
Mugore rekutanga reCoronavirus Pandemic uye yakatevera Coronavirus Depression, "simba revanhu" rakaita basa diki-rakatenderwa asi rakakosha - rakarondedzerwa muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura mune ino nhevedzano - mukuchengetedza hutano nehupfumi. [1] Kunyangwe shanduko mumamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika, vari kuenderera mberi muBiden nguva. Mafambiro anoshandisa vanhu simba rakananga chiito anogona kunge akakoshawo panguva ino. Zvamazvirokwazvo, kana tichitarisa kupatsanurana kwakanyanya mukati mehurongwa hwemasimba ezvematongerwo enyika ane masangano, kuita kwakadai kunogona kuita basa rakatonyanya kukosha.
Kunyange zviitiko zvinoshamisa muWashington zvakabata nyika, mavhiki akatevera sarudzo yaJoe Biden akaonawo nhevedzano yezviito zve "simba revanhu" kutenderera nyika. PaMartin Luther King, Jr. Day, vashandi mumaguta anopfuura gumi nemashanu vakarova paMcDonald's, Taco Bell, Burger King nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekudyira dzechikafu sechikamu cheKurwira $15 uye Union. [15] Vadzidzisi veChicago vakaramba bhodhi rechikoro cheguta uye vakaramba kudzokera kubasa mumamiriro ezvinhu avaiona sekuti haana kuchengeteka.[2] Vanamukoti vakaita "zuva rekuita" nekuratidzira munzvimbo dzinopfuura gumi nembiri vachidaidzira zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo, kuongororwa kweCOVID, vashandi vakakwana, uye zororo rekurwara.[3] MuOlympia, Wash., vanotsigira vasina dzimba, vachiti โKunotonhora zvakanyanya kuti vanhu varare mumigwagwa, kunyanya panguva yedenda,โ vakatenga makamuri gumi nemanomwe mudhorobha reRed Lion Hotel; apo vanhu vasina pokugara vaibva mumisasa yaiva pedyo vakaedza kutora makamuri, mapurisa akavadzinga.[4] Vashandi vepaHunts Point Terminal Produce Market muNew York City vakarova svondo rose, vakasungwa nemapurisa vachinhonga zvine runyararo, uye vakazohwina mari inosvika $17 paawa imwe neimwe uye $.5 masendi paawa yemupiro wemushandirwi wehutano. [1.85]
Vanhu Vane Simba muCoronavirus Depression
Kubva pakatanga denda rekoronavirus mukutanga kwa2020, kwave nekuwanda kwakadai asi kwakakura kuputika kwekuzvimiririra uye "simba revanhu" kuita. Kusashanda kurongeka kwakaunza pamwe zviuru zvevanhu mumanetiweki epamhepo uye mumigwagwa kuti vade kugadzirisa masisitimu akashata enyika. Kuramwa kwemusango - kunonzi kwadarika zviuru zana kubva pakatanga denda - yaida Personal Protective Equipment, COVID-akachengeteka nzvimbo dzebasa, uye imwe mihoro yevashandi vakakosha.[1000] Kuramwa mabasa nekutyisidzira kuramwa mabasa kwevadzidzisi munyika yose kwave kuda kuti makirasi aitwe muzvikoro zvakachengeteka zveCCIDID-safe. Zviuru zvakatora chikamu mukuramwa mabasa kwerendi uye mamwe mabasa edzimba. Mamirioni gumi nemashanu vanhu vakapinda mukuratidzira kweBlack Lives Matter - kuratidzira kukuru munhoroondo yeAmerica - uye kuramwa kweBlack Lives Matter kwakatsigirwa nemamwe masangano makuru eAmerica. Muna Zvita, mubatanidzwa weLos Angeles wakaunza pamwe masangano ezvehutano, evashandi uye enharaunda anomiririra makumi ezviuru zvevashandi veLos Angeles, kusanganisira vepamberi vashandi vehutano, pre-K kusvika kugumi nemaviri vadzidzisi vegiredhi nevadzidzisi veyunivhesiti, vashandi vezvitoro, vashandi vanogamuchira vaeni, vanodzidzisa, Dzimba nerusaruro vamiriri vekuda kuvharika kwemavhiki mana "kutyora dunhu" nemambure ekuchengetedza mabhizinesi, vashandi, uye mhuri kuti vagare pamba zvakachengeteka. Mazana ezviuru akapona mukuomerwa kweCoronavirus Depression kuburikidza nekuzvironga kwekubatsirana.
Hurongwa hweveruzhinji hwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nekuita kwesimba kwevanhu vakadaro. Zviuru zvemakambani nehurumende dzemuno zvakamanikidzwa kupa Zvekuzvidzivirira Zvemunhu uye kuunza mitemo yekudzivirira yehutano hweveruzhinji. Zvido zvevadzidzisi, kuramwa mabasa, uye hunyanzvi hwekumanikidza zvakabata basa guru mukuumba hutano hweveruzhinji uye mutemo wedzidzo, kuvhara zvikoro nekuona mamiriro avangavhure zvakare. Kurwira madhora gumi neshanu kwakakurudzira nyika zhinji kuti dzipasise mutemo wemadhora gumi nemashanu uye zvakabatsira kutungamira Biden Administration kuti ibatanidze muhoro wemadhora gumi nemashanu sechikamu chebhiri reAmerican Rescue.
Zviito izvi zvinopa hwaro hwakakosha hwekunzwisisa kutanga kunoshamisa kwehutungamiriri hwaJoe Biden. Uyu wezvematongerwo enyika anoomerera, anomiririra mubatanidzwa anozivikanwa nekupikisa kwake hutano kune vese akatsanangurwa - nekuwedzeredza zvishoma - sekutora matanho anofambira mberi mumazuva ake masere ekutanga ari pachigaro kupfuura zvakaitwa naBarack Obama mumakore ake masere. Akaona matambudziko makuru enguva yedu: mamiriro ekunze, denda, kuoma kwehupfumi, hutongi hwevachena, uye ikozvino dambudziko redemokrasi. Akavimbisa chirongwa chake che "Build Back Better" chichazvigadzirisa. Pamwe aive nechiratidzo munzira inoenda kuDhamasiko - asi zvakanyanya kunge ari kupindura kudzvinyiriro kubva pazasi inoratidzwa kwete mukuita kwesarudzo chete asi mumakwikwi ekudzivirira COVID, kurohwa nekutyisidzira, kuratidzira kweBlack Lives Matter, uye kuratidzira kwevadzidzisi nenharaunda. kuitira kuchengetedza chikoro. Mafambiro ake emunguva yemberi nenzira yakafanana angangoumbwa murutivi nesimba redzvinyiriro dzakadaro dzinobva pasi.
Pakutanga kwa2021, sezvo simba rezvematongerwo enyika richiratidzika kunge rakamira pakati paDr. No Republicans neDemocrats vakapatsanurwa pamusoro pekuti vasundire shanduko kana kudzokera ku "zvakajairwa," simba revanhu rinogona kuita mutsauko wakakomba mumagadzirirwo atinoita matambudziko akawanda emamiriro ekunze, denda, kuderera kwehupfumi, hukuru hwevachena, uye democracy. Kupfuura izvozvo, zvinogona kubatsira kuisa hwaro hwekuchinja kwakadzama uye kusvika kure kure Green New Deal.
Iyo nhoroondo yeiyo yekutanga New Deal inopa mamwe mazano ekuti izvi zvinogona kuitika sei.
Vanhu Vane Simba Mukuderera Kukuru
Mumazuva ekutanga eKuderera Kwemari Kukuru kwema1930s, mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vakapinda mukufamba kwenzara, masangano asina mabasa, nzira dzakasiyana dzekubatsirana, kuratidzira mumigwagwa, zviito zvekurwisa kudzingwa, "Horidhe yepurazi" kuvhara, kuramwa mabasa, uye mabasa edzimba dzemaguta nemaguta makuru. Chinangwa chavo chaive chekumanikidza hurumende dzemuno, dzematunhu, uye dzemubatanidzwa nevakuru vakuru kuti vagadzirise zvinodiwa neavo vakawirwa nedambudziko rehupfumi. Basa ravo raive rakakosha pamberi uye mushure mesarudzo dza1932 dzakatungamira kutonga kweDemocratic zvematongerwo enyika uye kuziviswa kweNew Deal. Yakabatsira kuisa hwaro hwenguva huru yekuvandudzwa kwevanhu kubva muHondo yeVanhu uye nguva huru yesangano revashandi.
Franklin D. Roosevelt akapinda pachigaro chemutungamiri wenyika semufiscal conservative akatsidza kuenzanisa bhajeti pasina hurongwa chaihwo hwekurwisa Kuderera Kukuru. Deal Yake Itsva yakatanga sechirongwa chekuvandudza chakanangana nekuchengetedza bhizinesi reAmerica pane kununura vanhu varo. Pakati pezviito zvake zvekutanga kwaiva kuderedza mari dzemihoro yehurumende uye mabhenefiti evakarwa hondo. Asi kusashanda uye kufamba kwevashandi kwakaramba kuchimanikidza hurumende dzenzvimbo, dzenyika, uye dzenyika kugadzirisa kuomerwa uye kuwedzera zororo zvakanyanya. Dzvinyiriro kubva pazasi-kubva kune vanofarirwa nevasina mabasa, vashandi, uye varimi-yakange yatoshandura chinyararire chichiita njodzi kune iyo mamiriro. Roosevelt akapindura nenhevedzano yematanho ekuyamura ekukurumidzira akagadzirirwa kudzikamisa kuomerwa, kuratidzira, uye kudzikira kwekuora mwoyo.
Nguva yeNew Deal yaimiririra kurongeka kwenhoroondo muzvematongerwo enyika eAmerica semadzinza emumaguta, nharaunda dzekumaruwa, maAfrica maAmerican, vashandi, nevamwe vakawirwa nedambudziko reGreat Depression vakadirana muDemocratic Party, vachigadzira iyo yakazozivikanwa seNew Deal Coalition. Asi chiito chakananga kubva pazasi chaive chinhu chakakosha muzvizhinji zvezvirongwa zvakakura zvekutanga kweNew Deal. Kutyisidzirwa kwekuita nevasina mabasa kwakaisa hwaro hwezvirongwa zvechimbichimbi seFederal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), uye Works Progress Administration (WPA). Sangano reFarm Holiday rakabatsira kudaidza Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA).
Asi mhedzisiro yekumanikidza kubva pasi haina kugumira ipapo. Vasina basa, kuronga mubatanidzwa, kuramwa mabasa, uye masangano emudyandigere-akasanganiswa nemafambiro evanhu vakawanda anotungamirwa nevatungamiriri vevanhu vane utsinye vakaita sagavhuna weLouisiana Huey Long uye mupristi weredhiyo Baba Charles Coughlin-vakatungamira Roosevelt muna 1935-6 kuti vasarudze kubuda kwezvimwe zvakawanda. zvirongwa zvakakasharara zvinowanzonzi nevanyori venhoroondo se "Second New Deal." Bato remudyandigere wevachembera rinotungamirwa naDr. Francis Townsend pamwe nesangano revashandi nevasina mabasa reWorkers' Unemployment Insurance bill (Lundeen bill) rakaisa hwaro hweSocial Security. Kurova kwa1934 uye kurova kukuru kwakagadzira matambudziko akatungamira kuWagner Act uye kukura kwemubatanidzwa wemaindasitiri. Roosevelt akabudirira kutsigira chikamu chezvine mwero Wealth Tax Act ya1935 kuba kutinhira kweGove Yedu Pfuma inofambira mberi yemutero inotsigirwa naHuey Long. Kuunganidzwa kwevazhinji nevashandi nevasina basa kwakabatsira kuchengetedza Social Security kubva mukudyiwa nemaRepublicans muCongress. Zvakabatsirawo kudzikisira simba uye kukwezva kwevachena supremacist, bapiro rekurudyi, uye mafascist mafambiro ayo aigara achityisidzira kuti achaita mukurumbira wenyika.
Nguva yekuchinja kukuru kweNew Deal yakararama kwenguva pfupi. Muna 1936 Dare Repamusorosoro rakatanga kuzivisa zvirongwa zvikuru zveDeal Deal zvisingaenderani nemutemo. Kutanga muna 1937 mubatanidzwa unochengetedza muCongress pakati pemaRepublicans neSouthern Democratic "Dixiecrats" wakamisa kupasiswa kwemutemo weNew Deal. Nepo zvizhinji zvezvavaida zvakazadzikiswa kana kudzoserwa, kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda-pamusoro peboka rose revashandi - rakaramba richishandisa simba revanhu kugadzirisa zvido zveavo vari pasi.
Munyaya dzandakanzwa muhuduku hwangu kubva kune vekare New Dealers kwaiwanzove nemapoka maviri evavengi. Vamwe vaive vakarurama-vazhinji veRepublican Party, Liberty Leaguers, masangano anorwisa vashandi, HUAC, FBI, uye maRacist uye anti-Semite emhando dzakawanda. Asi pakanga paine imwe seti yevavengi- "vavengi mukati" veNew Deal coalition. Vaisanganisira Herbert Hoover-initiated Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Roosevelt-backed J. Edgar Hoover, uye Southern white supremacists muDemocratic Party. Mukukakavadzana kwezuva iro vaiwanzonzi "kunyepedzera" Vatengesi Vatsva-vakavanda zvine mutsindo pasi pejasi rakakurumbira reRoosevelt Administration uku vachivavarira kukanganisa mitemo yavo inofambira mberi nevatsigiri. Roosevelt ndiye aive arbiter uye panguva imwe chete chinangwa chematambudziko aya mukati memubatanidzwa weNew Deal. Aipindirana nemamwe emitemo yekupindura yakasimudzwa muzita reNew Deal, kunyanya idzo dzakasimudzirwa nemaseneta eSouthern uye congressmen.
Munguva yekuvandudzwa panogonawo kuve nevemakambani nemamwe masimba ane simba anoda kutsigira zvimwe zvechirongwa chekuvandudza. Vangadaro vachitya denho huru zvikuru kana kuti nyongano yenzanga; kubva pakuziva matambudziko makuru evanhu anotyisidzira nzanga yose; kana kubva kune zvakati zvawawana zvinogona kuitwa nekambani yega kana chikamu. Mumakore ekuma1930 vamwe vakuru vakatsigira zvirongwa zvokuyamura muhurumende nokuti vaitya mhirizhonga uye kunyange chimurenga. Vakawanda vakatsigira National Recovery Administration (NRA) nokuti vainzwa kuti chimwe chinhu chaidiwa kurwisa Kuderera Kukuru Kwemari. Mamwe makambani - semuenzaniso General Electric - aitsigira akawedzera kodzero dzevashandi nekuti aizopa makambani avo makuru, ane ruzivo rwepamusoro mukana pane makwikwi avo madiki, tekinoroji-kumashure. (Saizvozvowo, nhasi mamwe masekete ebhizinesi anotsigira zvimwe zvikamu zvechirongwa chekuvandudza cheBiden. US Chamber of Commerce yakarumbidza chirongwa cheBiden Rescue-asi ichiti hachifanirwe kuramba chakareba.) rutsigiro rwakadai. Asi kutsamira pamasimba akadaro kunoisawo muganhu wokuti gadziridzo dzinogona kusvika papi. Zvinogona kuoma kuziva nguva yekushandira pamwe nemasimba akadai uye nguva yekuarwisa, asi zvese zvingangove zvakakosha.
mhedziso
Mukati menhandare yakaoma kudaro yekurwira, kuita kweavo vanowirwa nedambudziko rinoratidza veruzhinji, vezvenhau, uye vezvematongerwo enyika kuti mhinduro yeruzhinji yakakosha uye nekukasira. Zviri nyore kufuratira mamiriyoni ane nzara, asi hazvisi nyore kufuratira miriyoni yevanhu vane nzara vari kumanikidzira zvavanoda pamahofisi ehurumende nomumigwagwa.
Kuita kwakadai kunoratidza kune vezvematongerwo enyika kuti kune matunhu anoshaya anogona kukwidzwa kwaari- uye kana mumwe wezvematongerwo enyika kana vezvematongerwo enyika vasingavafadze, vakwikwidzi vavo vanogona kudaro. Sezvo mumwe Mutengesi Mutsva akandiudza nezve yechipiri Deal Itsva, Roosevelt aifanira kuramba ari pamberi mukurwira kufambira mberi munharaunda kana kuti vanhu vaizokurumidza kutsvaga vamwe vatungamiriri- saHuey Long naBaba Coughlin. Simba rimwe chetero rinogona kushanda munguva yeCoronavirus Depression.
Tsananguro inotevera mune ino nhevedzano, "Ramangwana reVanhu Simba muCoronavirus Depression," inotarisa zvakadzama mumatambudziko akatarisana nevanhu masimba masimba munguva yeBiden.
[1] Rova! Mhinduro pamusoro peSolidarity uye Kupona
[2] Chauncey Alcorn, "Vashandi vezvekudya nekukurumidza vanoramwa mabasa vachikudza Martin Luther King Jr.," CNN Bhizinesi, KCTV 5, Ndira 15, 2021.
[3] Sophia Tareen, "Vadzidzisi veChicago vanovhota kudzidzisa kubva kumba, vachizvidza dunhu," The Associated Press, Ndira 24, 2021.
[4] Ian Prasad Philbrick naReed Abelson, "Masangano Ezvehutano Vanowana Inzwi muDenda," The New York Times, yakagadziridzwa Ndira 29, 2021.
[5] Alta Zviperengo, "Olympia, Washington mapurisa anobvisa hotera mushure mekunge 'yagarwa' neboka revarwisi vasina pekugara, guta rinoti," CNN US, Kukadzi 1, 2021.
[6] Edward Ongweso Jr, "Mapurisa Anosunga Vakakosha Vashandi veMubatanidzwa Vanorova madhora 1," Vice, Ndira 19, 2021.
uye "Kupera kwevhiki-refu kuramwa: New York: Vashandi vemusika weHunts Point vanobvumirana nenhaurirano," Hortidaily, February 4, 2021.
[7] Zvinofungidzirwa zvinosiyana zvichienderana netsanangudzo yekuramwa mabasa. Ona Chris Brooks, "Chokwadi Chengetedza: Pave paine mazana mashanu emusango akaramwa muna Chikumi?" Kuronga Basa, June 23, 2020 uye mareferensi ipapo.
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