Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 20, vatsigiri vepanzvimbo yebasa vakaisa pamberi pfungwa yekuti, mukuvaka masangano epabasa kana masangano anozvitungamira nevashandi vezvinzvimbo uye nemafaira, uye mukupikisa mabhosi kudzora kugadzirwa, "vaivaka nzanga itsva mugomba. yekare.โ Vaifungidzira chinzvimbo uye faira kuzvitonga kwemubatanidzwa kana sangano rekunetsana kwepabasa semufananidziro wemasangano epasi umo vashandi vaizogadzirisa kugadzirwa munharaunda isiri yemusika, post-capitalist.
Fungidziro iri pano ndeyekuti kuzvitonga, kuve nekutonga pamusoro pehupenyu hwako, kuve nekutaura pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvinokubata iwe, kunofanirwa kuve pakati pechiono chedu cheramangwana re-capitalist.
Asi kuzvitonga hakuna basa chete kune kutonga kwedu pamusoro pebasa redu, nzvimbo yekugadzira, asi kune chikamu chekushandisa zvakare. Imba ipi yatinoda kugara mairi? Ndeapi marudzi emabasa atinoda kuwanikwa munharaunda dzedu? Tinoda kuti marongerwo eguta ave api? Ndezvipi zvigadzirwa zvatinoda kugadzirwa? Chiono chedu chehupfumi chinoda nzira yekupa vanhu kutaura pamusoro pesarudzo dzekushandisa dzinovabata.
Pfungwa iyi inoratidzwa muChiono cheParticipatory Economics icho chinopa mazano makanzuru evashandi pamwe nemakanzuru anoshandisa nharaunda sezvivakwa zvekuzvitonga. Kumaguta, Participatory Economics inoisa mukana wekuti pave nekudzikama, kuzvitonga kwedunhu mukuronga mari yezvifambiso nezvimwe zvivakwa pamwe nekuzadzisa zvinodiwa munharaunda sedzimba, kuchengetwa kwevana, uye hutano.
Kuronga kwekudyidzana kunoreva kuti vanhu, kutanga mumakanzuru emunharaunda yavo, vaizogadzira mazano ezvavanoda kuti zviburitswe. Vese sevanhu, zvekushandisa pachedu, pamwe nezvinhu zvekushandisa pamwe chete, isu tinoona zvatinoda kushandisa, uye basa ripi ratinoda kuita. Zvikumbiro izvi zvinosefa kunze kuburikidza nemasangano pamusoro penzvimbo yakakura sezvine chekuita nenzvimbo yakakura. Kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekupa-uye-kutora pakati pevashandi nevatengi, zvikumbiro zvaizonatswa kuita chirongwa chakakwana chekugadzirwa kwevanhu.
Sarudzo dzekushandiswa kwevhu chimwe chikamu cheiyi nzira yekupa-uye-kutora, uye nyaya dzakaita sehukama pakati pedzimba nenzvimbo dzekushandira inova nzira yekukurukurirana pakati pemapoka ekugadzira nemakanzuru emunharaunda. Semuyenzaniso, vanhu vangasada kudzokera kumashure zvakanyanya vakananga kune pre-capitalist guta rehunyanzvi, nebasa nedzimba zviri padyo? Zvakanaka, kana zvakadaro, isu taizotarisira kuti izvo zvinoratidzwa mune zvisarudzo nezvekudyara munzvimbo yakavakirwa.
Kubatanidzwa kwehupfumi kunoreva kubviswa kwemamwe masimba makuru akaumba guta guru.
Sarudzo dzesaiti yebasa haingave ingori mubvunzo weizvo CEO anofunga zvakanyanya. Kurongeka kwenzvimbo yehuwandu nekirasi uye dzinza muguta recapitalist yakavakirwa pamisiyano mikuru mumari nemasimba, iyo yaisazovepo muhurongwa hwehupfumi umo mubairo unobva pakushanda nesimba kana kuzvipira uye maitiro ekubatana-maitiro haachatonga. .
Kubva pakuona kwekudyidzana mune zveupfumi, mutemo wekuzvitonga unoti munhu mumwe nemumwe anofanira kuve nekutaura pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvine chekuita naye uye zvichienderana nekukanganiswa kwaanoita. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapachakwanisa kuve nekukanganisa kwekunze sekusvibiswa kwemhepo izvo zvinongoiswa muhudzvanyiriri pavanhu pasina vanhu ivavo vane chekutaura nezvazvo. Mutoro wakakura wezvakatipoteredza wekushandiswa kwekusvibisa, sekunyanya kutsamira pazvifambiso zvemotokari yakazvimirira, uchafanirwa kutariswa nemazvo mukuzvitonga, hupfumi hunotora chikamu.
Tinogona kuona hupfumi hunotora chikamu huchibuda seimwe nzira chaiyo kuburikidza nekusimudzira ruzhinji, kuzvitonga kwemagariro ekufamba, kubva kune inomukazve, inozvibata yega fomu yevashandi vemubatanidzwa, muchikamu chekugadzira, kuenda kumasangano anozvitarisira ega uye masangano mazhinji marudzi ose.
Dzimba inzvimbo huru yekushandiswa inokonzeresa kusawirirana kukuru, kubva kuvanhu vanowana pekugara nekugara muzvivakwa zvisina vanhu, kusvika kumarendi anoronga mibatanidzwa yemaroja uye kuramwa kwerendi. Mukati mecapitalism, chimiro chevhu nedzimba sechinhu, uye kutenderera kwekudyara munzvimbo yakavakirwa, kunounza nguva mbiri dzekuora uye kuparara kwenzvimbo dzevashandi pamwe nekudyara zvakare uye kutamiswa, apo nyanzvi nevemabhizinesi vanoshandisa yavo. mari yakakwira kudarika vashandi vedzimba.
Peter Marcuse akanyora kuti: "Zvinopesana nekugadzirisa hazvifanirwe kuve kuora uye kusiiwa asi demokrasi yekugara." Imwe nzira inonakidza yedemocratization yedzimba yakabuda muUS mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura inzvimbo dzenharaunda, izvo zvinowanzoumbwa mukupindura kana kukwira kwerendi uye kutamiswa kana mukupindura kuparara uye kuora.
Community land trusts ndiwo mubatanidzwa weminda anonyoresa nhengo munzvimbo yenzvimbo uye anoita seasina purofiti anovandudza dzimba dzinodzorwa nevagari. Sesangano renhengo yedemocracy, iyo nharaunda yekuvimba kwenyika inogona kupa simba vanhu munharaunda kuti vadzore izvo zvinoitwa nevhu ipapo, ndeapi masevhisi anopihwa munharaunda, uye kuona kuti pekugara panowanikwa pamitengo iyo vanhu vanoshanda vanogona kuwana. .
Pfungwa huru ndeyekuti nharaunda kuvimba kwevhu inobata ivhu munharaunda nekusingaperi, ichiibvisa pamusika wekufungidzira. Dzimba dzekugara dzinowanzo tengeswa kune vagari mune imwe nzira yeane mashoma equity varidzi. Kukwanisa kwekugara kwenguva refu kweimba kunosimbiswa nevhu. Imba inoenda inofanira kutengesa imba yavo kana furati kudare renharaunda nemutengo wakaganhurirwa, kuchengetedza mitengo yemba yakaderera. Iyo nharaunda yeruvimbo rwevhu saka inoshanda mukuparadza zvese ivhu nezvivakwa.
Kuzvitonga kunoitwa pamativi maviri: Vagari vane masimba pamusoro pezvivakwa zvavanogara, asi nharaunda inopihwa simba rekudzora mitengo yedzimba uye kushandiswa kwevhu.
Panguva dzakasiyana masangano evashandi nemamwe mapoka muU.S. akagadzira macoops edzimba akaenzana kuti ape vashandi dzimba nemitengo inokwanisika. Iyo nharaunda yeruvimbo rwenzvimbo yakagadziridzwa mu'60s kukunda matambudziko akada kuparadza mashoma equity equity housing cooperatives muU.S.
Dambudziko nderekuti, mumwe munhu ane mugove mukombi yedzimba ane kuzvida kwake pakuwana mutengo mukuru unobvira pakutengesa. Nechikonzero ichi, varidzi vecoop share vanozopedzisira vaona nzira dzekutyora muganho pakuenzanisa. Imba yacho inobva yangova imwe real estate commodity.
Izvi zvinoitika nekuti nharaunda yakakura yevashandi, vane chikamu mukuchengetedza mitengo yakaderera yedzimba, havasi bato pamusika wekutengesa pakati pemutengesi nemutengi. Kutaura zvazviri, iyi inyaya yekunze kusina kunaka.
Iyo community land trust solution padambudziko iri kuronga vanhu vanozokanganiswa kunze kuti vagova nekutaura pamusoro pesarudzo iyi. Matrust enzvimbo dzenharaunda ane zvikamu zvakaparadzana zvenhengo, varidzi venzvimbo dzekugara dzakashomeka vachipesana nevamwe munharaunda vasiri varidzi. Mumwe nemumwe anosarudza nhamba imwechete yevamiriri kukanzuru kana bhodhi revatungamiriri uye mavhoti akapatsanurwa anogona kutorwa mumagungano makuru pazvinhu zvikuru. Mhedzisiro yacho ndeyekuona kuti vanhu vanozokanganiswa nekutyora miganho paequity vanomiririrwa, uye vanokwanisa kudzivirira shanduko yemba kuti ive zvinhu zvisina miganhu.
Pane dambudziko rechipiri rakasangana neashoma equity coops muUS Zvichipihwa huwandu hwehunyanzvi hwekutonga kwehupfumi pamusoro pepiramidhi yemagariro uye kusaenzana kukuru munharaunda yeUS, haasi munhu wese ane mukana wekuwana ruzivo rungave rwakakosha kune zvinobudirira. kutarisira zvivakwa. Kana vanhu vanotambira mari shoma vakasunungurwa mucoop yakazvimiririra, vanogona kutorwa mukana nemakondirakiti ekuvaka asina kutendeseka kana mafemu ekutarisira midziyo. Kutungamirirwa nevasina kudzidziswa dzimwe nguva kunokonzeresa matambudziko akadai kunyangwe kumasangano ekondomu evanhu vane hunyanzvi.
Maitiro echinyakare ekugara munharaunda, angave achiitwa nemasangano ehurumende kana neasina purofiti makambani ekusimudzira nharaunda, anokunda dambudziko iri nekuisa pfungwa pahunyanzvi nekuita sarudzo muhurongwa hwemakambani. Dambudziko nderokuti, hukama neanoroja ndehwebaba, uye vagari vemo havana simba pamusoro penzvimbo dzavanogara kana chimiro chemhoteredzo yakavakirwa yakavapoteredza.
Nekusiyana, iyo nharaunda yekuvimba nevhu mhinduro kudambudziko iri kudzidzisa vagari uye kuvandudza muvagari hunyanzvi hwekutonga kwakanaka kwezvivakwa zvavo. Nharaunda yenyika trust iripo kuti ipe nhungamiro uye backup kana matambudziko asangana. Iyo "iwe-iwe-iwe-yako" nzira yemusika inotsiviwa neimwe nzira yekubatana umo ruzivo uye njodzi zvinogoverwa.
Nharaunda yekuvimba kwenyika nokudaro inoita sechidziviriro chekudzivirira macoop edzimba kubva mukuora kwehupfumi hwakapoteredza capitalist.
Tinogona kufungidzira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana idzo modhi yeruvimbo rwenzvimbo yenharaunda inogona kuwedzerwa. Vanhu vanozogara muzvivakwa vanogona kuve nekubatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwezvivakwa, kuitira kuti zvivakwa zvitsva zvigadziriswe kuti zvienderane nezvavanoda uye zvavanofarira.
Mavimbo enzvimbo munharaunda anogona kuedza kuchengetedza masimba enzvimbo ine mukurumbira, kubvisa zvivakwa kubva kune vanofungidzira uye varidzi vemba vasipo. Semuyenzaniso, kuburikidza nekurwisana kwezvematongerwo enyika, Dudley Street Neighbors, Boston community land trust, akakwanisa kuwana simba shoma renzvimbo ine mukurumbira.
Mumaguta umo kukoromoka kukuru kwezvivakwa kwakaitika, matrust enharaunda anogona kushandiswa senzira yekudzoreredza kana kuita kuti vagari vatonge zvivakwa zvavo, nenzira inodzivirira ivhu nezvivakwa kubva pakuva zvivakwa zvekutengesa.
Varoja vakarongwa mumibatanidzwa yemaroja vanogona kushanda pamwe nenharaunda yenharaunda kutenga muridzi wemba uye kuwana hutongi, kubatanidza chivakwa.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mapurojekiti edzimba dzeveruzhinji ari kutyisidzirwa kuti achaitwa, varidzi vanogona kushandisa nzira yekuvimba nenharaunda munharaunda kuchengetedza ivhu pamusika wekufungidzira uye kuwana kutonga pamusoro pezvivakwa zvavo.
Iyi mienzaniso yakawanda yekupedzisira inoratidza nzira idzo nharaunda dzinovimba nenharaunda dzinogona kushandiswa senzira mukurwira kwekirasi kunoenderera mberi pamusoro penzvimbo yakavakirwa.
Dzimwe nzvimbo dzenharaunda dzakavimba muUS dzakapa nzvimbo
kumakiriniki ezveutano nenzvimbo dzinochengeta vana. Nzvimbo yaigonawo kugoverwa nokuda kwemapoka ebasa.
Nheyo yekuzvitonga inogona kushandiswa kune mabasa anogadziridzwa kunharaunda kuitira kuti budiriro yekukurumidza ienderane nechiratidzo chenguva refu chesangano rinozvitonga. Nharaunda yeguta-yakakura yematrust enzvimbo dzenharaunda inogona kupa nzvimbo kune network-yakafara network yemagirosari evashandi kana nzvimbo dzekuchengeta vana dzevashandi, semuenzaniso.
Muenzaniso wenharaunda yeruvimbo rwevhu unoratidza kuti tinokwanisa kugadzira masangano anotanga kuita, nenzira ichangobva kuumbwa, rudzi rwebasa rinotarisirwa neNeighbourhood Council muParticipatory Economics, apo tine bato rinotora rutivi, rinotonga nezvegutsaruzhinji kuti vasarudze mhando dzemasevhisi. kana kuti rudzii rwebudiriro yeupfumi kana kuti rudzii rwedzimba dzatinoda munharaunda.
Parizvino mari yekugara munharaunda chero ipi zvayo iri kushomeka muU.S. Tarisiro yekuchinja izvi inoenderana negwara rekuchinja kwemagariro, zvinoenderana nechiyero chemauto muU.S.
Masangano epamabasa ekurwira, masangano, acharamba ari simba rakakosha rekuchinja, nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye chinzvimbo muhupfumi.
Ini ndinofungidzira mubatanidzwa - mubatanidzwa wevanhu - wemibatanidzwa, mapoka evanoroja, uye mamwe masangano makuru achiuya pamwe chete pamusoro pezvinetswa zvakawanda zvinobata vagari vemumaguta muhupenyu hwavo hwemazuva ese - kwete imba chete asi hutano, zvekufambisa, kuchengetwa kwevana, zvikoro, nedzimwe nyaya.
Kana masangano asingazongofambiswe nenyanzvi dzebasa kana kuderedzwa kusvika kune vakaomeswa nevanozvipira, tinoda kuona nzira dzinoita kuti zvive nyore kune avhareji anoshanda kuti abatanidzwe mumafambiro. Apo vanhu vanofanira kushanda mabasa maviri kana maawa 60 pavhiki kuti vawane chouviri, zvakaoma kuti vawane nguva yokubatanidzwa mumasangano. Izvi zvinoburitsa kukosha kwekuedza kuwana nguva yemahara yakawanda kuvanhu, sekumutsiridza hurongwa hwekupfupisa svondo rebasa pasina kurasikirwa nemuhoro. Hunhu, kuchengetwa kwevana kunokwanisika kwakakoshawo kana vabereki vachizowana nguva yekubatanidzwa mumasangano enharaunda.
Nzira yatinoronga nayo shanduko yakakosha mukuumba izvo zvichazove munzira. Kana tikagadzira masangano anongoshandisa maitiro emakambani mukati, izvo zvinopindirana sei nekuzvitonga kwekutora chikamu sechinangwa? Chimiro ichocho chesangano chinotumira shoko risiri iro, chinokudziridza miitiro isina kururama yokufunga.
Kana chinangwa chedu chiri nzanga yakavakirwa pakuzvitonga, isu tinofanirwa kushanda kuti tigadzirise mafambiro nemasangano zvino ari kuzvitonga, masangano akavakirwa pakutora chikamu uye kutonga kwedemocracy, senge mibatanidzwa inozvimiririra nevashandi venzvimbo uye mafaira. Kuburikidza neruzivo rwekutonga kwakananga kwemasangano aya, vanhu vanogona kukudziridza hunyanzvi uye kuzvishingisa uye neruzivo rwakanaka rwehurongwa hwavari kupokana.
Isu tinovaka guta rinozvimiririra muhurongwa hwekurwira shanduko.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta