Ini ndichataura zvishoma nezve theoretical presuppositions yeanarchosyndicalism, uye ini ndichaita kuenzanisa neMarxism sezvo ese maonero ezvematongerwo enyika achiti anozvisikira pakurwisa kwekirasi.
Chaizvoizvo iwo haana kunyatso kuenzaniswa nekuti Marxism inoreva kuva yakazara nyika maonero asi ini ndingapokana kuti anarchosyndicalism inonzwisiswa zvakanyanya seanongori nzira yekuchinja, kana strategic orientation.
Pfungwa huru yeanarchosyndicalism nderekuti nekugadzira masangano mazhinji anozvitungamira nevatori vechikamu, kunyanya masangano akadzika midzi mukurwira padanho rekugadzira, boka revashandi rinokudziridza kuzvidzora, kuzvivimba, kubatana, uye kuzvidzora. sangano raizoigonesa kuzvisunungura kubva mukusungwa kuenda kuboka rinodzvinyirira. Kuzvitonga kwesangano pacharo kunofanofananidzira uye kunofanomiririra kuzvitonga kwekugadzira nevashandi, chinova chinova chinangwa chekuchinja kwesangano. Ini ndinofunga kuti iyi ipfupi pfupiso yeanarcho-syndicalism.
1. Kunyanya Kuda Kunyama
Pane imwechete yakafanana pakati peMarxism uye anarchosyndicalism yandinoda kutarisa. Izvi ndizvo zvandinodaidza kuti "minimal materialism".
"Minimal materialism" ipfungwa yekuti chimiro chekirasi, chakavakirwa pahukama hwesimba pakati pemapoka evanhu mukugadzirwa kwemagariro, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kana kurongeka munzanga. Chimiro chekirasi ndicho chimiro chekutanga chekutonga pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwevanhu, chimiro chehupfumi, maererano nekunyanya kuda zvinhu. Chimiro ichi chinofanirwa kunge chiri kumashure uko zvimwe zvese nezvenzanga zvinofanirwa kutsanangurwa kana kunzwisiswa.
Mapoka maviri ekuti ive yakakosha:
i. Kugadzirwa kwakakosha kuhupenyu hwevanhu.
Asi nharo iyi haishande. Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaenzana kuhupenyu hwevanhu - semuenzaniso, kuberekana pabonde uye kunwa.
ii. Vanhu vanopedza huwandu hukuru hwenguva yavo yekumuka kubasa, uye tarisiro yavo muhupenyu inotsamira zvakanyanya pahukama hwavo nekugadzirwa kwevanhu.
Ndinofunga kuti iyi nharo iri nani.
Kuti nditsanangure zvandinoreva neโchimiroโ ndichashandisa fananidzo. Ngatiti ndavhomora machisi ndorova pasole yeshangu machisi obva abvira moto. Mhedzisiro ndeyekupisa mutambo. Chiitiko chekukurudzira ndaive ndakarova mutambo. Asi kurudziro yacho pachayo haina kukwana kutsanangura zvakaitika. Ko kana musoro wemachisi wakatota? Ko kana iri fake plastic match? Ko kana chimuti chemachisi chaive chakaita rubbery zvekuti ndaitadza kubata? Saka, kuti titsanangure kuti sei mutambo wacho wakaputika mumoto tinofanira kuunza zvinhu izvi zvakagadzikana izvo zvatinotora zvishoma - kemikari yemutambo, kuoma kwayo, kuoma kwechimuti, nezvimwewo.
Zvakanaka, izvo ndizvo zvandingati "zvimiro" zvinhu mune tsananguro. Iwo chikamu cheyakanyanya kudzikama kumashure umo iyo causal maitiro ekuita kuti mechi kujeke chakaitika. Zvakanaka, iyo pfungwa ye "zvishoma zvinhu zvenyama" nderekuti kupatsanurwa kwekirasi mu capitalism ndeye kumashure "chimiro" chakadai, ndicho chinhu chaunofanira kutarisa kana iwe uchida kuwana yakazara uye chaiyo mufananidzo wekuti sei zvinhu zvichiitika nenzira yavanoti. ita.
Pfungwa ndeyokuti chimiro chekirasi chakafanana nechikonzero chechisimba chinoumba zvose zvinoitika munharaunda.
2. Dzidziso Yekurwisana Kwekirasi
Chinhu chimwe chinotevera kubva mukunyanya kuda zvinhu zvenyama idzidziso yekurwa kwekirasi, kuti iyi ndiyo nzira inochinja nzanga nekufamba kwenguva. Pfungwa ndeyokuti kurwisana kwemapoka ndicho chinhu chikuru mukushanduka kwemaitiro evanhu.
Marx akati imwe yepfungwa dzake dzakanyanya kukosha yaive musiyano pakati pebasa nekushanda-simba. Mukati mecapitalism kugona kushanda ndizvo zvinotengeswa neproletarian kumushandi.
Anotengesa kugona kwake kushanda kune femu kuti ashandise kwenguva yakati. Haakwanisi kuudza simba rake rekushanda kuti aende kubasa uye agare pamba pamubhedha; anofanira kuzvikwevera mukushanda nesimba rake rokushanda. Ipapo panova nokurwa kusingadzivisiki pakati pomushandi nomushandi pamusoro pokuti mano omushandi okuita basa achashandiswa sei chaizvoizvo. Advanced capitalism yakagadzira hurongwa hwemaboss nemapoka avo ehunyanzvi kuyedza kudzora vashandi, kuchengetedza zvido zvevaridzi mukuwedzera purofiti nekufamba kwenguva.
Saka, izvi zvinounza kurwisana kwekirasi kunoenderera mberi, kurwisana nesimba iro mabhosi anaro pamusoro pedu mukugadzirwa kwevanhu.
Kunyanya kuda zvinhu pachezvako hakurevi chero kuzvipira kune hupfumi determinism kana chero pfungwa yekuti kune chero nzira isingadzivisike kunhoroondo. Inongotaura kuti chimiro chekirasi, uye kukakavara kwainoburitsa, kwakakosha pakunzwisisa zvinoitika munharaunda.
Kubva kare vanopesana nechiremera vakasara vakaramba pfungwa yekupunzika kusingadzivisiki kwecapitalism, uye vanga vasina chokwadi nedzidziso yedambudziko raMarx. Vanopesana nechiremera kuruboshwe - vese kanzura Marxists uye anarchists - vakasimbisa basa rakanaka rekushanda kwemushandi, kusimudzira munhu, kubatana uye kurongeka mukuzvisunungura.
3. Is Minimal Materialism Class Reductionist?
Kunyange zvazvo kudukusa, kunyanya kuda zvinhu zvenyama kwave kuchitsoropodzwa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, ndiko kuti, โkuderedza kirasi.โ Chichemo chinoenda chimwe chinhu sechinotevera. Nekuti munhu anoda zvinhu anoti kirasi ndiyo chete yakakosha nharaunda yemazuva ano yeAmerica, haigone kuita ruramisiro kudzvinyiriro uye kukakavara pamitsetse yevakadzi uye rudzi uye masimba ezvematongerwo enyika. Kureva kuti hatingaderedze kurwisana nekudzvinyirirwa kwevarume nevakadzi, kusarurana kwemarudzi, kupikisa hutongi hwematongerwo enyika kuhondo yemapoka chete. Kushoropodzwa uku kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mukati mehafu yezana remakore rapfuura, nekunetsana kwebato rekodzero dzevanhu, bato revakadzi, sangano rengochani nengochani zvichikonzera zvikuru maonero anoita vanhu kukanganisa munharaunda.
Kuvaratidziri vemavara, rusaruraganda runoratidzika kuva rusina maturo; feminists vangangoona zvinhu maererano nehondo yakapoteredza kusaenzana kwevakadzi.
Semuyenzaniso, vamwe vanorwira kodzero dzevanhukadzi vanopikisa kuti โmuhoro wemhuriโ muU.SA muzana remakore rechi19, uyo wakabatsira kusimbisa kuzviisa pasi kwevakadzi sechikamu chevarume, chaive chisungo pakati pevashandi nemacapitalist, kudzora kushanda kwevakadzi. vakadzi, vane vashandi vechirume vachiwana simba pamusoro pevakadzi mudzimba. Saka kune vamwe vanorwira kodzero dzevakadzi, kuti murume kana mukadzi ndicho chimiro chakanyanya uye kukakavara pakati pevashandi vechirume nevakuru vechirume kwaingova kukakavara mukati meboka rinotonga.
Zvino, ndinofunga imwe nzira yemhinduro ingangove yekubvuma kuti rusaruraganda uye hutungamiriri uye hutongi hwehutongi hunogona kuunza humwe hune simba, hunobata zvimwe zvinhu, kusanganisira kurwa kwekirasi pachayo. Semuenzaniso, hutongi hwehutongi mumubatanidzwa weAFL-CIO unogadzira dambudziko rayo rekurwira kirasi.
4. The Four-Forces Theory
Vamwe vanhu vanozotora izvi kune mhedziso yekuti chimiro chepasi chenyika yeAmerica yanhasi ine zvikamu zvina zvakasiyana kana zvimiro - madzitateguru, rusaruraganda, kirasi, uye hutongi hwezvematongerwo enyika. Imwe neimwe yakakosha zvakaenzana, ivo vachati, neimwe neimwe ichiita seyakasiyana pesvedzero pane zvimwe zvese. Izvi ndizvo zvandinodaidza kuti "Four Forces Theory." Semuenzaniso, uchaona dzidziso iyi ichiitwa mubhuku โUnorthodox Marxismโ naMichael Albert naRobin Hahnel.
Sezvo masocialist-feminists muma'70s akange andipwisa kuti murume kana mukadzi aive akaenzana sekirasi, handisi kuzoedza kudzivirira "kunyanya kuda zvinhu" uye handisi kuzoedza kupindura mubvunzo wekuti Four Forces Theory ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekunzwisisa nzanga yemazuva ano yeAmerica. Ini ndichasiya izvozvo sechiitwa chekuti iwe uzvione.
Ndinoda kutaura pfungwa imwe chete. Chandinoda kutaura ndechekuti anarchosyndicalism inongoenderana neina Masimba Theory sezvazvaive neMinimal Materialism kana maonero emasocialist-feminists.
Chikonzero chiri nyore. Ese dzidziso idzi dzinobvuma kuti kirasi yakakosha. Ivo vese nokudaro vakazvipira zvakaperera mukusadzivirika nekukosha kwehondo yemapoka. Zvose zvinopindirana nepfungwa yokuti kuburikidza nesangano rakagadzirwa zvakananga nevashandi kuti kudzvinyirirwa kwekirasi kunogona kupidirwa uye vashandi kutonga pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwakagadzirwa.
5. Kutsoropodza kweMarxist Dzidziso yeKirasi
Ndakataura nezve kirasi chimiro, asi Chii chinonzi kirasi?
Chandinoda kuita nharo ndechekuti Marxism ine dzidziso isiriyo pamusoro pekirasi. Marxism munhoroondo yakafungidzira kuti kune mapoka makuru maviri chete mu capitalism, anoti, vashandi uye capitalism. Marxism inotora kuti ihumuridzi ndiyo hukama hwakakosha hunotsanangura kirasi. The investor class, avo varidzi nzira dzekugadzira, saka vari kutonga boka. Vamwe vose vanofanira kutsvaka basa somubatiri anoripirwa.
Dambudziko nedzidziso iyi nderekuti inosiya kirasi. Iko kune makirasi matatu makuru epamusoro capitalism, kwete maviri chete.
Uridzi hunogona kunge huri hwaro hwakakosha hwesimba pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwevanhu mune yepamusoro capitalism asi haisiriyo yega hwaro hwakadaro. Kunewo rimwe boka revanhu, vandinodaidza kuti techno-manageria class. Basa ravo nderekutonga basa revashandi. Iri ndiro kirasi rinosanganisira hutungamiriri hwehutungamiriri uye vanyori vehunyanzvi uye vapi vemazano vari pakati pehurongwa hwavo hwekutonga - semagweta, mainjiniya makuru nemaakaunti, zvichingodaro.
Pfungwa ndeyokuti i * simba * hukama mukugadzirwa kwevanhu kunogadzira kupatsanurwa kwekirasi, uye kune nzira dzakasiyana dzekuti vanhu vanogona kuve nesimba pamusoro pevamwe mukugadzira; kuva muridzi wezvinhu zvinogadzira chimwe chete hwaro hwakadaro.
Kare kirasi yetechno-manageri yakagadziridzwa se capitalism yakaronga patsva chimiro chebasa, ichideredza kuvimba kwevashandirwi pahunyanzvi uye kugona kwevashandi kuronga basa ravo, uye kupa izvi zvakanyanya muchikamu chenyanzvi dzehunyanzvi. Kugadziridzwa kwemaitiro ebasa, kuputsa basa kuita zvidimbu uye kuderedza kuvimba nehunyanzvi muvashandi zvine chinangwa chekushandura kuenzana kwesimba kurwisa vashandi uye kuita kuti hurongwa hwese huve hunoenderana nekubatana kwemanejimendi.
Nhengo dze techno-manageria class dzinogona kunge dziine mari shoma inobata, ingave nezvinhu zvakaita semastock esarudzo kana mainvestment madiki kana varidzi vedzimba dzavo kana zvimwe zvivakwa zvidiki. Asi handizvo zvinovakirwa pazviri raramo nemararamiro avo. Asi, ivo vane chinzvimbo chavo chekirasi nekuda kwehukama hwavo hwekutonga pamusoro peruzivo, hunyanzvi, uye kubatana. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti vawane mukana wekuwana zvinzvimbo zvavanazvo mumatunhu emakambani neehurumende. Vanogovana zvakafanana neboka revashandi kuti ivo vanopihwa basa.
Ichokwadi kuti kune misiyano yakakura musimba uye rombo mukati mekirasi iyi, asi izvi ndezvechokwadi kune ese makirasi - kune misiyano mikuru muhupfumi uye simba remacapitalist akasiyana, uye pakati pemapoka akasiyana evashandi pane misiyano mikuru mumihoro uye. mamiriro ebasa kana kuzvitonga pabasa.
Chimwe chinhu chekucherechedza pamusoro pekirasi ye techno-managerial ndeyokuti inokwanisa kuva boka rekutonga. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinoreva nhoroondo yeSoviet Union nedzimwe dzinonzi nyika dzeCommunist. Iwo muchokwadi masisitimu anopa simba iyo techno-manager kirasi.
Chinonakidza ndechekuti kutadza kuona kana kukoshesa kukosha kwekirasi iyi inzvimbo yepakati muMarxism. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvinoita kuti maMarxists atadze kuona zvikamu zveMarxism izvo zvinotungamira kune techno-managerial class dominance.
6. Partyism versus Syndicalism
Imwe yetekinoroji-yemaneja maficha eMarxism ndeyebato rayo. Nemapato ndinoreva pfungwa inotevera. Marxists vanowanzo pikisa kuti kurwisana kweichi kana kuti mubatanidzwa kana ichi kana boka iro revanhu kurwisana kwechikamu. Rimwe mubatanidzwa kana rimwe boka rinoisa pfungwa dzavo pane zvavanoda kana zvinangwa zvisina divi, kwete chirongwa chakakwana chekirasi. Pfungwa huru yeMarxism ndeyokuti kukudziridzwa kwepurogiramu yekirasi yose, chirongwa chinogona kumiririra uye kufambisira mberi zvido zveboka revashandi rose zvaro, chinokudziridzwa nokubatanidza masimba ari seri kwebato rezvamatongerwe enyika revashandi kana kuti resocialist. Marxism ine bato zvine hungwaru, ndiko kuti, zano rayo rekuchinja ndere hutungamiriri hwebato rezvematongerwo enyika hunotora hutongi hwehurumende.
Kutsoropodza kwechinyakare kunopesana nechiremera chebato ndechekuti inotsiva, inotsiva bato rekirasi. Iyo anarchosyndicalist kana councilist imwe nzira ndeyokuti iboka rose, kuburikidza nemasangano akawanda sevashandi vekanzuru, ndiko kuwana simba, kwete hutungamiri hwebato kuburikidza nenyika.
Mapato anozosimudzira kuhutungamiriri uye kutonga avo vane dzidzo yakawanda, vanonyanya kutaura, vatauri vakanaka, vakangwara uye mawoni emitemo yekufamba. Bakunin akataura kuti Marx's partyism inzira yekugonesa vakangwara, vanhu vanotonga ruzivo rwesainzi.
Zvakangodaro, vanarchist havana kumbobvira vanyatsogadzira nzwisiso iyoyo. Zvisinei nekuti anarchists vanowanzo taura kuti kirasi yakavakirwa pamusoro-pasi hierarchy mukugadzira, vanarchist havana kumbobvira vanyatso gadzira zvizere dzidziso yekirasi yetechno-manageria, sekirasi yakasarudzika yehupfumi mukuda kwechinzvimbo chayo mune hierarchy mukugadzirwa kwevanhu. . Zvakadaro, dzidziso yekirasi ye techno-manageria inopindirana neanarchist njere.
Ichokwadi kuti kazhinji kunetsa kwevashandi kune chikamu, kuri pamusoro pezvinodikanwa kana zvinangwa zvinogumira kune rimwe chikamu. Tinopindura sei nharo dzeMarxist dzekuti kubatanidza bato kuita bato ndiyo mhinduro yeizvi? Ndinofunga tinogona kutaura kuti pane imwe nzira yekufungidzira kuti kubatana uye chirongwa chekirasi-chakakura chingabuda sei, nenzira yakadzika, yakachinjika. Ndinofunga kuti tinogona kufunga nezvesangano rinokura apo masangano anozvimiririra ari kuungana pamwe chete akatarisana nekutsigirana uye kugadzira chirongwa chinogadzirisa hupenyu hwese hwemushandi, nyaya dzinobata isu tese senge dzimba nehutano hwehutano nezvimwe zvakadaro, uye izvo zvinosanganisira. mamwe masangano makuru munharaunda sechikamu chechirongwa ichi, semapoka emaroja, masangano emunharaunda emhando dzakasiyana. Ini ndinodaidza iyi pfungwa "mubatanidzwa wevanhu." Vamwe vanhu vataura nezve pfungwa ye "alternative central labour councils" senzira yekuvandudza hukama hwakachinjika hwakasimba. Uyu ndiwo mumwe muenzaniso wekuti budiriro yakachinjika yechirongwa chekirasi-yakawanda inogona kubuda.
Saka, ndingapesana nepfungwa iyi yemubatanidzwa wevanhu vepasi pasi pehurongwa hwemapato. Ndiko kuti, tinogona kufunga kuti iyi ndiyo nzira iyo simba renhamba uye kubatana kunogadzirwa, pasina hurumende nemapato ezvematongerwo enyika.
7. Critique yeSpontaneist Theory of Organization
Chekupedzisira, ndinoda kugadzirisa dambudziko guru rakatarisana nesu mukugadzira bato rinozvitonga pachedu, uye risina mukati maro mhodzi dzematunhu matsva ari kubuda.
IWW ine sirogani yekare, yekuti "Tese Tiri Vatungamiriri." Seyakanaka, sezvatinovavarira, ndinofunga ndizvozvo. Asi mubvunzo ndewokuti, Tinoita sei kuti muitiro wedu usvike pazvakanakira izvozvo?
Sangano riripo rakakamurwa nemhando dzose dzekusaenzana, kusaenzana kwekuwana dzidzo uye ruzivo nemikana yekuvandudza unyanzvi. Kusaenzana mumitsara yekirasi, dzidzo, murume kana mukadzi uye rudzi kucharatidzwa mukusiyana uku muvanhu nenzira idzi.
Vamwe vanhu vane ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pemafambiro anoita zvinhu, nzwisiso โyedzidzisoโ, vamwe vane dzidzo yepamutemo kupfuura vamwe, vamwe vanonyanya kuzvivimba kuti vamwe, vamwe vakawana mikana yakavagonesa kukudziridza hunyanzvi pakutaura paruzhinji kana kutaura. pfungwa. Vamwe vanogona kunge vaine hunyanzvi hwekukudziridza hunyanzvi hwakadai asi vanga vasati vawana mukana wekuhuvandudza kuburikidza nekudzidzira.
Izvi zvinotiudza kuti sangano ripi neripi rinozvironga rimene โnenzira yapakarepoโ โrichangoerekanaโ richida kudzokorora mukati mayo kusaenzana uku kwakaumbwa nechaunga chikuru checapitalist.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti kufamba kwechokwadi kwakaenzana hakugone kugadzirwa nenzira yakangoerekana yaitika. Isu tinofanirwa kunyatsoziva kusiyana kwehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza uye kushanda nesimba kuti tibudise muvanhu hunyanzvi hwavo hwekupedzisira, kuita basa rakanaka mukufamba. Pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuitwa nenzira iyi. Zvinhu zvakadai sekukurudzira vanhu kuti vataure, kutora chikamu mumakakava, mapoka ezvidzidzo uye zvikoro zvevamiriri kuti vakudziridze ruzivo uye kugona โkufungidziraโ ruzivo rwemunhu, uye kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekufunga hwakadzama kuitira kuti vanhu vazvifungire vega.
Kuburikidza nekuziva uye kuungana tsika yekuvandudza hunyanzvi muvanhu, tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vanokwanisa zvirinani kuita basa rinoshanda mukufamba.
Tom Wetzel
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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