"Handizivi kana vari kuedza kutsvaga nzira yekupinda muguta," mufundisi weChicago West Side Joseph Kyles akaudza Chicago Tribune masvondo matatu apfuura, "kana kuti vari kuda zvechokwadi kutungamira mukubata neguta. magariro evanhu" (Dan Mihalopolous, "Nobody Neutral on Wal-Mart Proposals," Chicago Tribune, May 4, 2004).
Iyo Yakanyanya Kusimba Link muWal-Mart's Bid "Kuwedzera Humambo Hwayo"
Ndinovimba Reverend Kyles vaiseka.
Ivo "ivo" vaakataura nezvavo vaive murapi wakaderera-mubairo uye anti-mubatanidzwa mega-mutengesi Wal-Mart, uyo achangobva kuita dema Chicago pasi zero mukuda kuwedzera musika wayo kusvika. Nezvitoro zvinosvika 3,650 muUnited States uye zvimwe 1,499 pasi rose, Wal-Mart "yasvika pakuzara mumasabhubhu nenharaunda dzekumaruwa izvo zvaita kuti cheni ive mutungamiri wepasirese wekutengesa." Saka iri "kuuya," iyo Chicago Tribune yakataura nezuro, "mumaguta makuru, ane hushamwari seChicago kuwedzera humambo hwayo hunopfuura zviuru zvishanu zvezvitoro" (Antonio Olivo, "Wal-Mart Wages Grass-roots Campaign to Crack Chicago, ” Chicago Tribune, Chivabvu 5,000, 23, chikamu 2004, p.1).
Ichitsigirwa neane simba reguta uye (kwete zvakangoitika) meya ane hushamwari hwekambani Richard M. Daley, Wal-Mart iri kusundidzira Chicago City Council kuti ichinje nzvimbo dzinoita kuti iise zvitoro zvayo zvekutanga muguta guru reMidwest. Iyo "hombe-bhokisi" (kusanganisira girosari) zvivakwa zvaanotarisira kuvaka muChicago zviri munzvimbo mbiri dzemuAfrica-America: Austin, paguta rine vanhu vatema West Side neChatham, ku (zvakare kuzhinji dema) South Side. KuWal-Mart, mugwagwa unoenda kuhari huru yegoridhe yeguta unopfuura nemumigwagwa ine zvitoro zvakavharirwa, mijenya isina chinhu, machechi ari pamberi pezvitoro, magirosari madiki epakona anowanika kwose kwose uye zvitoro zvedoro (iyo yaimbova yakazadzwa nezvinhu zvechikafu zvakanyanyisa uye zvisina utano) , uye “vasina kubatanidzwa” (kuchikoro uye/kana misika yevashandi) pwere, dzinomira pasi-pamharadzano dzecapitalism uye rusaruraganda.
Haisi tsaona kuti Wal-Mart ari kuyedza kupinda muChicago kuburikidza neAfrica-America mukati meguta. Iyo kambani inoverengera kuti iyo ghetto iri kushuvira mabasa uye yakaderera-yekutenga sarudzo zvekuti vagari vayo vanozoda kufuratira ziso reWal-Mart rakapfuma rekodhi yehudzvinyiriri uye kubiridzira. Zvinoratidza kuti nharaunda yevatema yebasa-uye vatengesi-varombo, uko "vapemhi havagone kusarudza" uye "oatmeal inorova pasina chikafu" (sezvakataurwa nerimwe bepa dema remunharaunda munguva pfupi yapfuura), ndiyo inobatanidza isina kusimba mumaketani emaguta.
Kutapira hari yevatungamiriri venharaunda yevatema, kambani yakaudza Kyles kuti inogona kufunga kuhaya vaimbopara mhosva. Uku kuzvipira kusina simba (Wal-Mart haigoni kutaura mienzaniso apo yakabvumirana kuhaya vanhu vane zvinyorwa zvematsotsi) inobata chinonetsa muChicago nhema. Zvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana zvevarume vakuru veguta vanotakura mucherechedzo unoremadza werekodhi yehutsotsi, tinotenda nerusarura rwunodaidzwa kuti "War on Drugs" (ona Paul Street, The Vicious Circle: Race, Prisons, Jobs and Community. muChicago, Illinois, uye The Nation, inowanikwa online pa www.cul-Chicago.org) Kupara mhosva kwakawanda ndiko kuisirwa mari neveruzhinji uye zviremera zvinopindira zvinoshanda se "mhinduro" kunhamo yenharaunda dzevatema dzakapatsanurwa mumimvuri yemaguta e "nyika yekumusha".
A Not-so "Populist" "Public Relations Experiment"
Chirevo chaWal-Mart chekufarira kuhaya vamwe venzvimbo dzeghetto dzakatarwa nemhosva chikamu chidiki chezvinonzi neChicago Tribune "kuyedza hukama neveruzhinji muChicago apo Wal-Mart inogadzirira kurwa kwakafanana mumaguta makuru munyika yose" The Tribune inotsanangura izvi. "kuedza" se "populist" uye "midzi yeuswa" "mushandirapamwe" (Olivo, "Wal-Mart Wages"), tichiregeredza musiyano wakakosha pakati penhema-populist propaganda yemakambani uye yechokwadi midzi-midzi populism.
Sechikamu che "zvinogumbura" muChicago, iyo Tribune yakashuma kutanga kwemwedzi uno, Wal-Mart akaunza vaviri vevakuru vakuru veAfrica-America kumisangano yenharaunda yevatema. Achitaura kuboka rakaunzwa pamwechete ne21st Ward Alderman Howard Brookins, mumwe wevakuru ava “akataura [chikamu chebhaibheri kubva] VaKorose 3:23, iyo inokurudzira kushandira Ishe, kwete munhu. Kambani yacho ichahaya vatema nokudisa, [mukuru mukuru] akapika, [achiudza vateereri vake kuti] ‘hauzopindi ndokubhadhara mari yako yawakawana zvakaoma kumunhu asingaratidziki sewe.’”
Zvakare achifambisira mberi rudzi rwakanyanya, rune hunyengeri, uye rwepamusoro-pasi rwezvematongerwo enyika, Brookins akasuma vateereri vake kune mutema weChicago advertising executive uyo agency yake inogamuchira $20 miriyoni pagore kugadzira nzvimbo dzeterevhizheni dzinoratidza vashandi veWal-Mart. "Unogona kumuona," Brookins akaudza vatsigiri vake, "iye muAfrica-America" (Mihalopolous, "Nobody Neutral on Wal-Mart").
Mukuru weWal-Mart haana kutaura apo “Ishe” akasarudza Wal-Mart semurongi anotungamira wevashandi Vake pasi pano, achipa mhuri yeWalton kodzero yekuita purofiti yepasi pano kubva kuvashandi Vake mukati nekunze kweUnited States. Haana hanya kutaura nezvekuzivikanwa kwakanyanya kweCaucasian yevaridzi vepamusoro vekambani kana nzira inonyengera iyo cheni dzepamusoro seWal-Mart dzinotora madhora emunharaunda kubva mukutenderera kwenzvimbo, dzichiparadza vakwikwidzi vari pedyo uye kuisa purofiti mumakofi emakambani ari kure. Zvakare zvakadzimwa yaive sirin'i yakaderera iyo Wal-Mart mitemo yebasa yakaisa pahuwandu hwe "mari yakawana zvakaoma" inogamuchirwa nevashandi veWal-Mart.
Chakavanzika cheWal-Mart's Low-Price Success
Wechipiri mutema weWal-Mart mukuru kuti ataure pamusangano weBrookins akaudza vateereri vake kuti kukwira manera kuWal-Mart "kwakandibvumira kukura pachangu uye pamweya." Haana kutaura pamusoro pemutengo wemweya waakabhadhara kuti ave nechinzvimbo chepamusoro pane imwe kambani hofori ine nhoroondo yakawanda uye inoenderera mberi yekushungurudza nekushandisa vashandi vayo - nhoroondo inoenderana zvakanyanya nemitengo yakaderera yakakurumbira. Chirekodhi ichocho chinosanganisira kutyorwa kusingaperi kwemitemo yevashandi inorambidza kushungurudzwa uye kudzingwa kwevashandi vanoedza kuumba masangano, kushungurudzwa kwemuhoro nguva dzose neawa (kusanganisira kudiwa kwemaawa akawandisa asingabhadharwe), kuvharira vashandi veusiku muzvitoro, kuhaya uye kushandisa zvakanyanya vashandi vasina magwaro. , kutyora mitemo yekushandiswa kwevana, uye kusarura vashandi vechitema nevakadzi.
Sekureva kwaDorian T. Warren, Erskine Peters Fellow muAfrican-American zvidzidzo kuNotre Dame uye mugari weimwe yenzvimbo dzeChicago dzakanangwa naWal-Mart (Chatham), "Wal-Mart ndiye mushandirwi mukuru pasi rose uye ndiyewo ane rusarura mukurusa munyika. Funga nezvemutemo wese unobvira wekodzero dzevanhu nedzevanhu uri mumabhuku,” Warren nguva pfupi yadarika akaudza mutsigiri wemazuva ese weChicago Defender, “uye mukana wekuti Wal-Mart yautyora” (Ferman Mentrell Beckless,”' Wal-Mart Will Cost Us Jobs,' ” Chicago Defender, Chivabvu 19, 2004, p.3)
Zvinoenderana nenhoroondo iyi, Wal-Mart inopa muripo usina kukwana kune vashandi. Inobhadhara muhoro wepakati ($8.23 paawa) iri pazasi peavhareji yezvitoro zveU.S. Mubairo wakadaro unoshandura kuita $16, 460 pagore, pasi pemutengo chaiwo wekugara muguta guru seChicago. Maererano neEconomic Policy Institute, mari isingadhuri yekurarama kwemubereki ari oga nevana vaviri (yakajairika nzvimbo yekugara zvakanaka) muChicago, zvichibva pane yainodaidza kuti "bhajeti remhuri" (iyo inofunga nezveimba, chikafu, kuchengetwa kwevana, chekufambisa, hutano, uye zvimwe zvinodiwa uye mutero), yaive $35, 307 muna 2001 (Economic Policy Institute, Hardships muAmerica: Nyaya Yechokwadi Yekushanda Mhuri (Washington D.C.: Economic Policy Institute, 2001, mapeji. 1-43, Tafura A4.2) Muchikamu chegirosari, iyo Wal-Mart yakapinda netsividzo, mutengo wevashandi wekambani uri pasi kwazvo pasi pemaitiro eindasitiri.
Iyo kambani zvakare inoita kuti zviome zvakanyanya kune "nhengo dzechikwata" (sekuda kwekambani iyo inodaidzira vashandi vayo) kuwana mabhenefiti. Huwandu hukuru hwaWal-Mart uye muzana yevashandi venguva pfupi havakodzere kuwana inishuwarenzi yehutano kudzamara vaisa makore maviri pafemu. Kunyangwe mushure menguva iyoyo, havabvumidzwe kutengera kuvharwa kwemhuri dzavo. Kutenda kune yakakwira zvakanyanya kubviswa uye kubhadhara-pamwe, uyezve, vashandi venguva yakazara veWal-Mart vane inishuwarenzi yehutano vanobhadhara inodarika makumi mana muzana yekuvhara kwavo. Uye makore maviri apfuura, Wal-Mart akachinja tsananguro yebasa renguva pfupi kubva ku40 kusvika kumaawa makumi matatu nemana pasvondo.
Aya marongero emuripo wakashata anoita kuti vazhinji vashandi veWal-Mart vakwanise kuwana rubatsiro rweveruzhinji. Nyika yeAmerica yerubatsiro, sezvairi, inotsigira maitiro evashandi veDickensian - imwe yenzira dzakawanda idzo vateresi vekuAmerica vanotsigira Wal-Mart. Maererano neshumo ichangoburwa ne "Good Jobs Kutanga," boka rekutsvaga muWashington DC (ona chidzidzo, SHOPPING FOR SUBSIDIES, pa www. goodjobsfirst.org), Wal-Mart yakabatsirwa nemari inodarika bhiriyoni imwe yerubatsiro rwekusimudzira hupfumi. kubva kuhurumende dzematunhu nedzematunhu mhiri kweUnited States. "Wal-Mart inozviratidza senhau yekubudirira kwebhizinesi," anodaro munyori mukuru weongororo iyi Philip Mattera, "asi yakashandisa zvakanyanya kuzorora kwemitero, ivhu remahara, mari yerubatsiro uye mamwe marudzi erubatsiro kuruzhinji." "Rubatsiro rweWal-Mart rwuri kunyanya kunetsa," inodaro Good Jobs First (GFJ), "zvichipa kuti kambani inoshandisa madhora emutero kugadzira mabasa anowanzova ehurombo-muhoro, yenguva pfupi uye kushaya rubatsiro rwakakwana rwehutano." GFJ inofunga kuti "chero mutengesi anogamuchira rubatsiro anofanirwa kubhadhara vashandi vake muhoro wekurarama."
Sezvineiwo (kana zvakakodzera) zvakaringana, mhuri yeWalton ine mukurumbira yakavamba uye varidzi veWal-Mart inodyara mari yakawanda muhurongwa hwemapato ezvematongerwo enyika ebato reRepublican Party, iro rinotsvaga kupatsanura izvo zvasara zvekuchengetedza nharaunda kune varombo.
Kufanana nemamwe makambani makuru eAmerica akare neazvino, Wal-Mart inoshandisa simba guru pamatongerwo emamwe mafemu. Inoisa nhanho yeapakati-capitalist "mujaho kusvika kuzasi" yemuhoro, kubatsirwa, uye chiyero chehutano hwemakambani, ichipa mamwe macheni ezvitoro nechikonzero chekuda kuti vashandi vavo vadzosere zvakawanikwa zvakaoma. Kuramwa kwegirosari kuchangobva kuitika kumaodzanyemba kweCalifornia kwakakonzerwa nekutsunga kwevakuru vezvitoro zvikuru mudunhu iri kuwedzera mari yakapihwa nevashandi kuzvirongwa zvavo zveinishuwarenzi yehutano "yakapihwa nemushandi". Kururamisa kwakataurwa nemaneja kwaive kutyisidzira kwemakwikwi kubva kuWal-Mart. Kurwisana kwakaguma kwainzi "kurova kweWal-Mart" kunyange zvazvo mhuri yeWalton yakanga isingabatanidzi zvakananga.
“Mabasa, Mabasa, Mabasa?”
Chirevo chikuru chaWal-Mart chekubatsira "kugadzirisa matambudziko emuguta" ndiko kupihwa kuri nyore kwemabasa. Asi ongororo yezvesaenzi yemusika wevashandi inopesana neWal-Mart yekugadzira basa. Chirevo chakapedzwa munaKurume neCentre for Urban Economic Development (CUED) paUniversity yeIllinois kuChicago chakawana kuti chitoro chekutanga cheChicago chakakurudzirwa naWal-Mart “chichabvisa mamwe mabasa muchikamu chezvekutengesa pane zvachinogadzira vagari vemuChicago. ” "Tinofungidzira," CUED anodaro, "chitoro chichakonzera kurasikirwa kwemabasa makumi mashanu nemana mukati mechikamu chekutengesa uye mabasa gumi nerimwe kunze kwechikamu chekutengesa chevagari vemuChicago. Mabasa acho, kana angorasika, achatungamirira kukurasikirwa kwegore negore kwe$54 miriyoni pamadhora azvino uno nokuda kwavagari vomuguta.”
Chitoro chaisatombo wedzera zvine mutsindo sarudzo dzekutengesa muChicago, CUED yakawanikwa. Iyo itsva Wal-Mart "ichawedzera pie zvishoma," CUED yakatsunga, "nekukwevera vatengi vari kutenga izvozvi mumasabhu," asi "kune chikamu chikuru, Wal-Mart inongotora vatengi kubva kune varipo vatengesi" 28-mamaira nzvimbo yakatenderedza panovhurwa chitoro (yakajairika musika nzvimbo yebhokisi hombe rekutengesa mumusika wemudhorobha)," CUED yakaverengera, "kune 763 vatengesi vanoita bhizinesi mune imwe kana akawanda ezvitoro zvinokwikwidza. zvakananga neWal-Mart. Pakati pazvo, pane 61 zvitoro zvekutengesa zvakajairika uye makumi mana ezvitoro zvinodhura izvo zvingangotakura dambudziko rekurasikirwa nebasa…. Pasina kupokana, ruzhinji rwevagari vanogara mukati menzvimbo inotarisirwa sevhisi yechitoro chakarongwa vatove nesarudzo dzakafanana dzekutengesa. Kana chitoro cheWal-Mart chakavhurwa chikavhurwa, sarudzo dzekutengesa pasina mubvunzo dzichadzikira sezvichaita huwandu hwemabasa mumusika wemuno….
Ongororo iyi inoenderana neWal-Mart yakanyorwa zvakanaka rekodhi yekudzikisa basa renzvimbo uye sarudzo dzekutenga nekuwedzera kuwanda kwehupfumi nesimba munyika yose.
Zvadaro pane kukanganisa kwakashata kune tsika dzeWal-Mart dzekutenga kwepasi rose pamabasa ekugadzira eU.S., kuderera kwacho kwakanyanya kukuvadza maAfrica-America. "Tese tinoda kutengeserana kwakanaka uye zvinhu zvakachipa nemitengo yakaderera," anodaro Warren. Asi "kutiunzira mitengo yakaderera yatinoshuvira, Wal-Mart yakaunza madhora bhiriyoni gumi nemaviri kubva kuChina muna 12 - gumi muzana yezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuUS kuUS Wal-Mart iri kubvisa mabasa munyika ino nekusimudzira zvekugadzira mabasa kunyika dzine mari shoma dzakaita seChina kuti dzitiunzire zvinhu zvakachipa izvozvo. Tiri kuzvitenga kunze kwemabasa uye tichibhadhara mari apo Wal-Mart purofiti, ichiparadza mararamiro edu nenharaunda dzedu munzira. Mitengo yakachipa ine mhedzisiro inodhura" (Beckless, "Wal-Mart Ichadhura Mabasa").
A Low-Road Template yeCapitalist Ruthlessness
Wal-Mart's collateral kukuvara inhoroondo uye yakakura, ichipfuura kukanganisa kwayo munzvimbo mbiri kana guta rimwe. Sezvakataurwa nemunyori wenhau dzakaitika Susan Strasser nguva pfupi yadarika pamusangano mukuru wezvidzidzo wakaongorora zvinoreva Wal-Mart ye “tsika yekapitalisti” uye mararamiro emuAmerica, “Wal-Mart yasvika pakumiririra chimwe chinhu chakatokura kupfuura zvachiri.”
Zvimwe zvekufungisisa zvakanyanya pamusangano iwoyo zvakabva kune anosarudzika munyori wenhoroondo dzezvebhizinesi Nelson Lichtenstein. "Munguva yega yega yenhoroondo bhizinesi rinofananidzira rinoita kunge rine hutsva uye hutsva hwezvimiro zvehupfumi uye hukama hwemagariro," Lichtenstein akadaro. "Aya mabhizinesi ematemplate anoteedzerwa nekuti akaisa, akagadzirirwa nguva yavo, hukama hunoshanda uye hune pundutso pakati pehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, kurongeka kwebasa uye chimiro chitsva chemusika."
“Muzana ramakore rechi 19,” Lichtenstein akatsanangura kudaro, “kambani inogadza mipimo yakanga iri Pennsylvania Railroad; pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, yakanga iri General Motors; uye mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, yaive Microsoft. Kambani yemazuva ano yeprototypical iWal-Mart, inoshandura maguta eAmerica, inoisa mihoro yemihoro uye inotoita diplomacy nedzimwe nyika. Muchidimbu, manejimendi ekambani anogadza isu tose zvikamu zvakakosha zveAmerican social and industry policy. Wal-Mart yakagadzira modhi yakasiyana kwazvo kubva kuGeneral Motors, "Lichtenstein akawedzera, achiona kuti "G.M. vakabatsira kuvaka vepakati vakapfuma zvikuru pasi rose kuburikidza nekubhadhara mihoro iri pamusoro peavhareji uye nekupa hutano hwakanaka uye zvirongwa zvepenjeni…. Maitiro emuhoro weGM akakurudzira mamwe makambani kukwidza mazinga emuripo, nepo Wal-Mart mibairo yakaderera uye mabhenefiti -[ita] zvakapesana.
Inoonekwa muLichtenstein's yakakura yenhoroondo maonero, kupihwa kwaWal-Mart kwemazana matatu kana zvinzvimbo zvisingabhadhare zvakanyanya kugovera zvinhu zvinogadzirwa mu "nyika dzichiri kusimukira" muhoro wakaderera kuchema kwenguva refu kubva kumazuva eU.S. Steel, Wisconsin Steel, Armour's (meatpacking), Swift's. (kutakura nyama), International Harvester (michina yemidziyo yepurazi), Western Electric, nePullman Palace Car Company, apo makambani makuru eAmerica, ane vachena uye anotungamirirwa achipa makumi ezviuru emhuri dzine hunhu uye mabasa anotsigira nharaunda kuvatema vekuChicago (ona. Horace Cayton naSt. Clair Drake, Black Metropolis, New York, NY: 300).
Sekureva kwaSimon Head, mumwe wepanzvimbo huru yeCentury Foundation uye munyori we "The New Ruthless Economy: Basa uye Simba muDigital Age" (Oxford University Press, 2003), "Wal-Mart zvirokwazvo template ye21st-century capitalism. , asi capitalism iyo inowedzera kufanana necapitalism yemakore 100 apfuura. Akawedzera kuti, "Inosanganisa kushandiswa kwakasimba kwehunyanzvi hwekuita nehunyanzvi uye hune hutsinye hwekutonga tsika" (Strasser, Lichtenstein, uye Head vanotorwa muSteven Greenhouse, "Wal-Mart, A Nation To Itself," New York Times, Kubvumbi. 17, 2004).
Mutengo, Nheyo, uye Pfambi
Zvinokurudzira nenzira inopfuura yemuno, saka, kuziva kuti kukandirwa kwerusarura kwaWal-Mart muChicago kwakonzera kupokana kukuru kubva mumubatanidzwa une simba wevashandi nevanorwira kodzero dzevanhu. Iwe haungazvizive kubva nezuro-peji rekutanga-peji Tribune nyaya paWal-Mart's "Grassroots Campaign to Crack Chicago" (inonzwisiswa zviri nani semushandirapamwe wekambani wekupwanya Chicago mihoro uye nhanho dzekubatsira), asi ichangobva kuumbwa Chicago Alliance for Justice paWal. -Mart akahwina kubvumidzwa kubva kune vakawanda vatungamiriri venzvimbo vatema. Vatsigiri vanosanganisira Reverend Jesse Jackson, avo vakashoropodza "kupererwa uye ghettonomics" - anogona kunge akawedzera huori - izvo zvinotungamira vamwe vatema vekuChicago kuti vagamuchire izvo Jakcson anodana "iyo Wal-Martization yehupfumi hwedu." Vamwe vatsigiri veAlliance vanosanganisira Congressman Jesse Jackson Jr. (uyo akanyora tsamba kuChicago alderman achivakurudzira kuti varambe kudzoreredzwa kwenzvimbo kunotsvakwa naWal-Mart), Congressman Danny K. Davis, mushumiri weCatholic anoshora rusaruraganda anozivikanwa, Michael Pflegger, naReverend Addie Wyatt (aimbova mutungamiri wechikadzi wekutanga wemuno weCIO wepackinghouse union).
Vafundisi pamakereke mapfumbamwe evatema eChicago, kusanganisira Trinity United Church of Christ (nhengo dze8,500) vakatsigira kurambidzwa kweWal-Mart. Mumiriri weHurumende Mary Flowers ari parekodhi achiti “Ini ndiri kumabasa munharaunda ino, asi ndine mwero wekutuka. Vanhu vanoda muhoro unovararamisa. Semukadzi weAfrica-America, ndakamboshanda $1 paawa. Handisi kutaura pamusoro pezvandisingazive” (yakatorwa mu “Wal-Mart Threat Fuels New Urban Politics,” Black Commentator, Chivabvu 21, 2004, inowanikwa online pa http://www. blackcommentator.com/91/91_ cover_maguta_pf.html).
Sezvakataurwa naWilliam Lucy, Mutungamiriri weCoalition of Black Trade Unionists, "varanda vaive nemabasa zvakare." Uye mukuwirirana naJeremia Wright, mushumiri ane pesvedzero paUtatu, “apo mutengo unoreva zvakawanda kwauri kupfuura nheyo, wakazvirondedzera umene sehure” ( Mihalopolous, “Nobody Neutral”).
Ichitevera mumatsimba emushandirapamwe wenguva pfupi yapfuura, wakadzika midzi yekudzivirira Wal-Mart kubva munharaunda yevatema yeLos-Angeles yeInglewood, Mubatanidzwa unovavarira kupindira demokrasi uye kuzvidavirira kweruzhinji mune yakavanzika, yakasarudzika, uye yakavanzika maitiro ehupfumi hwemaguta. development. Yakagadzira "12-point Community Benefits Agreement" kugadzirisa mitemo yeWal-Mart's new Chicago project. Chibvumirano ichi, Black Commentator achangobva kutaura, "muenzaniso wemaitiro emakambani uye kuzvidavirira zvinogona kushandiswa kana kugadziriswa kuti zvienderane nemapurojekiti akawanda ebudiriro, kwete Wal-Mart chete. Mapoinzi acho anosanganisira: hapana rubatsiro rweruzhinji rwepurojekiti; 100 muzana yebasa rekuvaka mubatanidzwa, kuputsa nekugadzirisa, ne50 muzana yebasa rinoitwa nemakondirakiti kubva munharaunda yakapoteredza nzvimbo; 90 muzana yevashandi vanofanirwa kuve vagari vekuChicago, kusanganisira manejimendi; mubairo wekurarama une mari inokwanisika, yakakwana yehutano hwakanaka; kutevedza mitemo yese yepabasa, uye kusarura pakupinza vanhu basa; hapana kutsiva kwezviitwa zvemubatanidzwa, kusarerekera kwehutungamiriri panyaya dzekumiririra mubatanidzwa; hapana kubvunza nezve immigration status; kumiswa kwemitengo yekupamba; iyo saiti ichaitwa nekukurumidza kuwanikwa kune vamwe vatengesi kana yakasiiwa naWal-Mart; kusungirwa kutora chikamu mu 'Community Commission' yekutarisa kutevedzera chibvumirano; Mipiro yenguva dzose kuCommunity Improvement Fund kuti ishandiswe neCommunity Commission. Kutyorwa kwechibvumirano kwaizoisa Wal-Mart kubhadhariswa faindi uye "kubvisirwa kuripo kwekusiyana kwenzvimbo mune ramangwana kune zvimwe zviitiko" (Black Commentator, "Wal-Mart Threat").
Nhasi, vakuru veChicago vanozofunga kuti vone Chicago here kana kuti kwete zvinoenderana nezvishuwo zvemuChina wechisere mukurusa wekutengesa naye. Inguva yakakosha kune avo vanoramba budiriro yemadhorobha nenzira ye "bhizinesi [richatungamira] semazuva ese." Shanduko yenzvimbo haifanirwe kupihwa kunze kwekunge uye kusvikira Wal-Mart yasaina kuChibvumirano Chekubatsira Nharaunda, ichiisa chikamu munzira yepamusoro iyo kururamisira nehunhu hunoda kune avo vaizoitisa budiriro yehupfumi munharaunda dzegutsaruzhinji.
Paul Street ([email inodzivirirwa]) muongorori wezvemagariro evanhu muChicago, Illinois. Zvinyorwa zvake zvinosanganisira The Color of Opportunity: Race, Place, Policy and Labor Market Inequality muChicago Metropolitan Area (Chicago, IL: Chicago Urban League, 2003, inowanikwa paIndaneti www.cul-Chicago.org, tinya pakanzi “Research Reports Available Online”); Iyo Yakashata Denderedzwa: Race, Prison, Mabasa, uye Nharaunda muChicago, Illinois, uye Rudzi (Chicago, IL: Chicago Urban League, 2002).
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