Tichitora nhamba dzevavhoti dzakaunganidzwa gore rapfuura, Pew Research Center yeVanhu uye Press yakamirira kusvika pamusangano wekutengeserana muMiami uchangoburwa kuti ubudise mushumo pasi pemisoro yakazivisa "Support for Free Trade" uye "Miami Kuratidzira Kusingaratidzi Kukurumbira. Maonero." Asi musoro wakanyanya kukodzera ungadai wakave: "Chirevo Mhedziso Hairatidze Chaiyo data."
Mutsara wekutanga weNov. 20 report wakataura zvakanangana nemakakatanwa aripo pamusoro pezvikumbiro zveFree Trade Area of โโthe Americas: "Varatidziri vanopikisa pasi rose vakavhara migwagwa yeMiami vachipikisa nhaurirano dzekugadzira nzvimbo yekutengeserana yakasununguka Nyika dzokuMadokero hadzisi kutaura nokuda kwevanhu vakawanda vakasimba munharaunda yacho yose vanodavira kuti kutengeserana kwakanakira nyika dzavo uye kwavari pachavo.โ
Inonakidza. Asi chokwadi?
Mibvunzo yose iri miviri yeongororo yakataurwa nemushumo yakabvunza vanhu vari munyika 10 dzepasi penyika nezveโkukura kuri kuita hukama hwekutengeserana uye hwebhizimisiโ pakati penyika yavo nedzimwe nyika. Asi chirevo chakafukidza mhinduro nezve generic commerce kune mamwe marudzi ezvirongwa zvekutengeserana - "yemahara kutengeserana" zvibvumirano senge yakarongwa FTAA.
Mushure mekusangana nePew Research Center nezve izvi zviri pachena kubviswa, ndakanzwa kubva kuna Bruce Stokes, munyori wenhau weNational Journal uye aimbove mukuru mukuru kuKanzuru yeKune dzimwe nyika. Iye zvino ave Pew Research Center shamwari.
Stokes akapindura kuti "hatina kubvunzurudza nezve 'mitemo' yekutengeserana uye saka hatina kuzivisa mhinduro kune izvo. Hatinawo kutaura maonero evanhu nezve'kutengeserana pasina.' Takangoshuma kuti vanhu vanowanzofunga kuti kutengeserana kukuru kuri nani kunyika dzavo nemhuri dzavo.โ
Zvakadaro mushumo wakaenda kure kupfuura kungoyera maitiro ekutengesa mageneric. Kubva pakutanga, yaireva varatidziri "vachitaura kupokana nenhaurirano kuti vagadzire nzvimbo yekutengeserana yemahara" - uye kuenzanisa rutsigiro rwe "kutengeserana" nerutsigiro rwe "kutengeserana kwemahara."
Equation inopfuura zvishoma yakatsveyama. "Vanhu vazhinji vandinoziva vanga vasipo kuMiami kuzokurukura nezvenyaya yekutengeserana, asi iyo chaiyo seti yemitemo iri muFTAA," akadaro Karen Hansen-Kuhn, murongi wechirongwa chekutengeserana kuThe Development GAP. "Kupa zano rekuti mubatanidzwa wepasi rose unopokana nekutengeserana hauna zvachose," akadaro Sarah Anderson, shamwari yeInstitute for Policy Studies anga achitevera nhaurirano dzeFTAA kubvira 1994.
"Ehe, pane chidiki chidiki chinodaidzira kushomeka kwekutengeserana kwepasirese, zvichibva panharo yekuti kutakura zvinhu kureba kune kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza," Anderson akadaro. "Asi ruzhinji rwevanhu mumigwagwa muMiami uye pakuratidzira kwakafanana kutenderera pasirese havapokane nekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika. Vanongoda mitemo yakasiyana-siyana kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mabhenefiti eiri basa rehupfumi anobatsira vanhuwo zvavo panzvimbo pevapfumi.โ
Mashoko akafanana akabva kumunyori Edward S. Herman, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi uye muongorori wenhau ari purofesa akasiya basa rezvemari paWharton School, University of Pennsylvania. "Chiri kunyengera zvakanyanya pamusoro pemibvunzo yePew kusanganisa kwe'kutengesa kuri kukura' nezvibvumirano 'zvekutengeserana mahara', zvakafanana nekukanganisa 'kurwisa mhosva' nerutsigiro rwechirango cherufu," akadaro.
Herman akawedzera kuti: "Kutadza kwakanyanya kwemibvunzo yePew ndeyekuti havabvunze nezvemitemo yakaiswa muchibvumirano che" kutengeserana pachena" seNAFTA uye chibvumirano cheFTAA chakarongwa - chinoisa hutongi hwenyika kune zvinodiwa nevashambadziri vekunze nevatengesi. , inodzika mitemo yakaita sekuremekedza kodzero dzekuva munhu mumwe chete uye inoganhura kodzero dzehurumende kuteresa kana kudzora vatengesi vekunze. Mubvunzo wakatendeseka waizobvunza nezve tradeoffs pakati pehutongi hwenyika nekodzero dzevatengesi vekunze nevatengesi, kwete iyo inobvunza, zvakanyanya, kana iwe uchifarira zvakanyanya pane kushoma kutengeserana. "
Iyo FTAA ine gakava guru muBrazil - imwe yenyika shanu dzeSouth America dzakasimbiswa mumushumo kubva kuPew Research Center. Asi Maria Luisa Mendonca, director weNetwork for Social Justice and Human Rights, ari muBrazil, akandiudza kuti ongororo yeongororo iyi โhainei nechokuita neFTAA.โ
Brazil muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti iyo Pew report inovharidzira sei zvakakosha. Mukutanga kwaNovember, purezidhendi weBrazil โakaenda kuAfrica kuti awedzere kutengeserana uyewo hukama hwetsika nezvematongerwe enyika nenyika dzomuAfrica,โ anodaro Mendonca. "Kwakange kusina kuratidzira muBrazil kupokana nazvo. Ukuwo, chibvumirano chepasi rose chaisanganisira vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni gumi gore rapera chakaratidza kuti vanopfuura 10 muzana yevavhoti vaipokana neFTAA uye vaida kuti hurumende yeBrazil ibve munhaurirano dzacho.โ
Pasina tally yemafungiro evanhu nezve "free trade" hurongwa, Pew report haina kukwanisa kutsigira chirevo chayo chekutungamira - kuti "kutengeserana kwemahara" vanopikisa "havasi kutaura kune vane simba guru munharaunda yose vanofunga kuti kutengeserana kwakanaka kunyika dzavo. uye nokuda kwavo pachavo.โ
Chero mutsauko ungave uripo mumaonero eruzhinji nezve "kutengeserana" uye "kutengeserana mahara," Stokes akabvuma, "musiyano watisina kuvhota." Asi, mukuona ikoko, mushumo wacho waigona sei kuvakira mhedziso dzawo pafungidziro yokuti hakuna misiyano yakadaro inokosha zvikuru?
Mukupindura kuburikidza neemail, Stokes akati "zvaive zvakanaka kwatiri kuti titaure kuti vazhinji vevaratidziri vaipokana nekutengeserana, kuti ndivo vangani vakaonekwa nevezvenhau uye kuti isu taingotaura kuti kushora kwakadaro kwekutengeserana hakusi. inogoverwa neveruzhinji munharaunda.โ
Ngatiburitse chirevo ichocho: Pasina chero data rinotsigira mumushumo wakanzi "Support for Free Trade," mutauriri wePew Research Center anopokana kuti "vazhinji vevaratidziri vaipokana nekutengeserana," kwete chete izvo zvinozivikanwa se "kutengeserana kwemahara." Kutaura zvazviri, gwaro iri - kunyange richibvuma pasina humbowo hwakaoma hunoratidza maonero evezvenhau evaratidziri seanopikisa kutengeserana - rakaona kuti veruzhinji havatarisi zvakanaka nemaonero akataurwa nevezvenhau kune varatidziri.
Nguva inotevera muvhoti, mutori wenhau kana wezvematongerwo enyika anoenzanisa โkutengeseranaโ kwese nezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana zvine hushamwari, unogona kurangarira mazwi eโKuburikidza neGlassโ aHumpty Dumpty: โKana ndikashandisa izwi, rinongoreva izvo zvandinosarudza. kureva - kwete zvakanyanya kana zvishoma. "
___________________________________
* Yekumashure chinongedzo: Pew Research Center inoshuma "Rutsigiro rweKutengesera Kwemahara: Kuratidzira kweMiami hakuratidzi Maonero Akakurumbira" http://people-press.org/commentary/print.php3?AnalysisID=74
___________________________________
Bhuku razvino raNorman Solomon, rakanyorwa pamwe naReese Erlich, "Target Iraq: Izvo Nhau Media Zvisina Kukuudza."
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta