Paul Kagame: "Rudzi rwedu rweGuy"
Edward S. Herman naDavid Peterson
Kare muna 1995, mukuru mukuru wehutongi hwaClinton, achitaura nezveMutungamiri weIndonesia Suharto, panguva yekushanya kwenyika kuWashington, akamudaidza kuti "rudzi rwedu rwemunhu."[1] Aitaura nezvemudzvanyiriri ane hutsinye nembavha uye anouraya vanhu kaviri (kutanga muIndonesia pachayo, kozoti East Timor), asi uyo ane kuurayiwa kwevanhu muIndonesia kwakagumisa kutyisidzira kupi nekupi munyika iyoyo, akabatanidza Indonesia nemauto semubatanidzwa wekuMadokero uye nyika yevatengi, uye yakavhura musuwo wekudyara kune dzimwe nyika, kunyangwe paine mari yechiokomuhomwe inorema. Chikamu chekutanga chehuviri-genocide (1965-1966) chaive chakanakira zvido zveUS uye chakazivikanwa nevezvematongerwo enyika nevezvenhau. Chokwadi, zvichitevera kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakawanda muIndonesia chaiko, Robert McNamara akataura nezve shanduko se "dividend" yakabhadharwa neveUS mari mari ikoko,2] uye mu New York Times, James Reston akadana kubuda kwaSuharto kuti “kupenya kwechiedza muAsia.”[3]
Mutungamiri weRwanda, Paul Kagame zviri pachena kuti mumwe "rudzi rwedu rwemunhu": SaSuharto, Kagame anouraya vanhu vaviri, uye akagumisa chero kutyisidzira kwedemocracy muRwanda, akabatanidza Rwanda neWest semutengi weUS, ndokuvhura gonhi. kune mari yekunze. Gare gare, uye zvine mubairo wakanyanya, Kagame akabatsira kuveza-kuchera zviwanikwa nemikana yekudyara kune shamwari dzake uye US nevamwe vanodyara mari dzekuMadokero muZaire yakavakidzana, iyo huru, ine zviwanikwa zveCentral Africa yakatumidzazve Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) muna 1997 munguva yeHondo yekutanga yeCongo (ca. Chikunguru 1996 - Chikunguru 1998).
Kwemakore akawanda Kagame akaratidzwa munhau dzekuMadokero semuponesi weRwanda, achinzi akagumisa humhondi hwakaitirwa boka rake revashoma, maTutsi, nevaHutu vazhinji (Kubvumbi - Chikunguru 1994).4] Iye nevatsigiri vake vagara vachipembedza mauto eRwanda Patriotic Front iNvasions dzeZaire - iyo DRC sekutsvaga nyore kwevaHutu genocidaires vakanga vatiza Rwanda munguva yehondo mukati, uye kukunda kwaKagame, nyika. Kukumbira ruregerero uku, kwakaonekwa kwenguva refu sechitsotsi nevakawanda vanoshorwa, kwakazopinda mubvunzo kunyangwe mukati mekutangwa nekudonha[5] uyezve kutenderera kwakawanda kwegwaro reUN reshumo rakagadzirirwa Mumiriri Mukuru weKodzero dzevanhu (kureva,, "Chirevo cheMapping Exercise inoratidza kutyorwa kwakanyanya kwekodzero dzevanhu uye mutemo wepasi rose werubatsiro wakaitwa mukati medunhu reDemocratic Republic of the Congo pakati paKurume 1993 naChikumi 2003.," Chikumi, 2010). Chirevo ichi hachingotaridzi hutsinye hwakakura hwakaitwa muDRC mukati memakore gumi chete, asi chinoti mutoro wehukuru hwehutsinye uhwu hwakakonzerwa neRPF. "Hazvirambi kuti kupondwa kwemadzinza kwakaitwa uye kuti vakaurayiwa vazhinji vacho vaive vaHutu vanobva kuBurundi, Rwanda, neZaire," gwaro remushumo rinotora zvakawanikwa muongororo yeUN ya1997 (ndima 510). Kuita-mu "chiyero chemhosva uye huwandu hukuru hwevakabatwa" pamwe ne "kurongeka kwekurwiswa kwakanyorwa kurwisa vaHutu…[p]kunyanya muNorth Kivu neSouth Kivu…inoratidza kufanofungidzira uye nzira chaiyo" ( ndima 514). Chikamu chemushumo we "Mhosva yekuuraya rudzi" chinopedzisa: "Kurwiswa kwakarongeka uye kwakapararira ... uko kwakananga nhamba huru yevapoteri vechiHutu veRwanda nenhengo dzevagari vechiHutu, zvakakonzera kufa kwavo, zvinoratidza zvinhu zvakati wandei izvo, kana vakapupurirwa pamberi pedare rinokwanisa, vaigona kuverengerwa mhosva dzekuuraya rudzi" (ndima. 517).6] Sezvakataurwa naLuc Cote, aimbova muongorori uye mukuru wehofisi yezvemitemo paInternational Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), kuti: “Kwandiri zvaishamisa. Ndakaona muenzaniso muCongo wandakaona kuRwanda. Chaive chinhu chimwe chete.Kune gumi nemaviri uye gumi nemaviri ezviitiko, apo une maitiro akafanana. Zvakaitwa zvine hurongwa."[7]
Chaizvoizvo, aka kakanga kasiri kekutanga UN ichinongedza kukuuraya kwaKagame muRwanda neDRC. Kunyange kubvunzurudza kwa1997 kusati kwaitwa (kwanokorwa pamusoro apa), pfupiso yakanyorwa yakasara yehurukuro yakaitwa naRobert Gersony paUN muna October 1994 inoshuma “kuurayiwa kwakarongwa uye kunopfuurira uye kutambudzwa kwevanhuwo zvavo vechiHutu ne[RPF]” kumaodzanyemba kweRwanda kubva muna April kusvika. Nyamavhuvhu wegore iro, uye "Kuuraya kwakakura kusingasaruri kwevarume, vakadzi, [uye] vana, kusanganisira vanorwara nevakwegura…." Chirevo cheGersony chinofungidzira kufa kwevaHutu pakati pe5,000 ne10,000 mwedzi wega wega kubva muna Kubvumbi zvichienda mberi. "Zvairatidza kuti ruzhinji rwevarume, vakadzi, uye vana vakaurayiwa muzviito izvi vakanangidzirwa nemukana chaiwo wekubatwa ne[RPF]." (“Summary of UNHCR Presentation Before Commission of Experts,” October 11, 1994.) Zvinokosha zvikuru, nhengo dzeKomisheni iyi yeUN dzakabvuma panguva ino kubata uchapupu hwaGersony nouchapupu se“chakavanzika,” uye dzakarayira kuti zvinofanira “kuitwa chete. inowanika kunhengo dzeKomisheni”—idzo dzakakurumidza kudzvinyirira zvayakawana.8] (Ona tsamba yakanyorwa paUN High Commissioner for Refugees yakamira naFrancois Fouinat, yakanyorerwa Mai B. Molina-Abram veKomisheni Yenyanzvi paRwanda, Gumiguru 11, 1994.)
Pakati pemamwe akawanda mishumo yeUN pamusoro peDRC, yechipiri munhevedzano neUnited Panel yeNyanzvi pamusoro pe "Kushandiswa Kusiri pamutemo Kwezviwanikwa uye Mamwe Mafomu Ehupfumi hweDemocratic Republic of Congo" (S / 2002/1146, Gumiguru, 2002) zvakare yakatanhamara. United Nations Panel yakafungidzira kuti pakazosvika September 2002, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 3.5 vakafa zvakanyanyisa mumatunhu mashanu okumabvazuva se“mugumisiro wakananga wokutorwa kweDRC neRwanda neUganda” (ndima. 96). Chirevo ichi chakarambawo pfungwa dzehurumende yeKagame dzekuti mauto adzo anoramba aripo kumabvazuva kweDRC kwaidiwa kudzivirira Rwanda kubva kumauto echiHutu ane utsinye aivhundutsira dunhu remuganhu nekutyisidzira kuzoripinda; pachinzvimbo, "chinangwa chaicho chenguva refu ... 'kuchengetedza pfuma'," UN yakapikisa (ndima. 66).9] Asi kunyangwe chirevo cha2002 ichi chisina kurairwa kudzvanyirirwa nenzira iyo chirevo cheGersony cha1994 chaive, zvakadaro hachina kufuratirwa munhau dzekuMadokero, zvisinei nekuti mamirioni matatu nemazana mashanu erufu rwakapfuura zvakanyanya huwandu hwepamusoro hwakakonzerwa ne "Rwanda genocide" ya3.5.
Kudzvinyirirwa uku kwakakonzerwa nekuti Kagame mutengi wemuUS, uyo kuedza kwake kunouraya muDRC kwaienderana nemutemo weU.S. wekuvhura nyika kuU.S. nezvimwe zvemigodhi yekuMadokero nemabhizimusi. Muchokwadi, mukupindura mibvunzo pamushumo uyu wakaburitswa, Mutevedzeri weMunyori weHurumende yeUnited States Philip Crowley akabvuma kuti "Tine hukama neRwanda kunze kwenhoroondo inosuruvarisa yekuuraya rudzi nedzimwe nyaya muma1990. Rwanda yakaita basa rinovaka mudunhu iri nguva pfupi yadarika. Yakaita basa rakakosha mune dzakasiyana siyana dzeUN mishoni. Zviri mukuda kwedu kubatsira hunyanzvi hwemauto. Uye tinoshanda nesimba pazviri munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi. Saka tavimbisana neRwanda."10] Crowley nekambani vanga vasati vasvika pakudzidza gwaro reUN remushumo panguva iyoyo. Asi zvakare, kune rimwe divi, pakanga paine zviya zvakambotaurwa neUN zvekupondwa kwakawanda kwaKagame kwevanhuwo zvavo muRwanda neDRC, izvo zvakaita kuti pasave nemhinduro inooneka yeUS kana UN (kunze kwekudzvinyirirwa). Zvingave here kuti idzi dzaive mhinduro dzinogamuchirika dzeavo "vane hunyanzvi mauto ehondo," sezvavanga vari pakuita kwemauto ane hunyanzvi eSuharto nemauto eLatin America akadzidziswa neUS achangobuda muChikoro cheAmerica? Kungava here kuti izvi zvinotyisa zvakanga zviriwo “migove” uye “kupenya kwechiedza”—muAfrica here?
Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti yekutanga New York Times Chinyorwa chiri pachinyorwa cheUN report, chakanyorwa naHoward French, chinoreva kuomerwa kwaakaitwa mukuburitsa gwaro idzva iri-chakatanga kuburitswa. Le Monde muFrance nevemukati vainetsekana kuti mativi ayo akanyanya kuoma anogona kubviswa isati yaburitswa. UN yakanga yatoona zvakakodzera kuratidza gwaro kuhurumende yeKagame kuti itaure,[11] uye kushora kwehurumende gwaro iri “kukasharara” kwakanyorwa mundima yakazara muchinyorwa cheNYT. Sokutsanangura kwakaita French, pakanga pane “zvinetso mukati memwedzi minomwe” mukuita kuti mushumo wacho ubudiswe pamusoro pezvirambidzo zvehurumende “iyo yakafarikanya kwenguva refu tsigiro yakasimba yomumiriri kubva kuUnited States neBritain.”[12]
Zvichida veUnited Nations nevezvenhau vakashinga kuita nemavhoti anoshamisa makumi mapfumbamwe nematatu muzana akawanikwa naKagame musarudzo yemutungamiri wenyika yaNyamavhuvhu 93, 9, apo anoita seakawana rutsigiro rwakakura kubva kuvaHutu vane hama neshamwari dzaaive ari mubishi kuuraya. yakakura kudaro muDRC. Sarudzo iyi yakashambadzirwa zvakakwana kuti idzose Rwanda panhau, kana muchidimbu, kunyangwe hutungamiriri hweUS huchiratidza "kushushikana" zvinyoro "zvinoita sekuedza kwehurumende yeRwanda kudzikamisa rusununguko rwekutaura." (Philip Crowley, Nyamavhuvhu 9),[13] uye kukurudzira vandudzo dzokuzvidira. Ngatitii humbowo hwechokwadi hwawanikwa neUN kuti Hugo Chavez wekuVenezuela akanga auraya zviuru zvevakadzi, vana, vakwegura, uye vakakuvadzwa zviuru zvevapoteri munyika yakavakidzana nayo. Unogona here kufungidzira UN ichikumbira Chavez kuti ataure pamusoro pechinyorwa chezviitwa zvake, uye achimupa mwedzi minomwe mumwe munhu asati aburitsa kupepanhau guru?
Tinogona kuona zvakare kuti kuurayiwa kwegenocide uku kuDRC kunokurukurwa nezvayo naHoward French nevamwe vezvenhau mukati mechikamu che "The Genocide" cha1994, uko Kagame ainzi ndiye muponesi akagumisa kuuraya kwakawanda kwakaitwa nevaHutu. Sokunyora kunoita French, achitevera bato rokuMadokero rakagadzwa, “Muna 1994, vanhu vanopfuura 800,000 XNUMX, zvikurukuru mitezo yeboka remaTutsi muRwanda, vakaurawa navaHutu.”[14] Mune ino uye nemimwe mishumo yemazuva ano, kutanga, kuurayiwa kwevaTutsi nevaHutu, uko kwavanoita ikozvino kungangodaro kwakateverwa nokuurayana kwechipiri kwevaTutsi vachirwisa vaHutu.
Asi chirevo ichi chakavakirwa pamanyepo makuru ekunyepa kwekutanga kuponda, uye kutaura zvazviri kuoma kukuru mukuzivisa kuponda kwevanhu vakawanda muDRC kune kwakajairika kunowanikwa nemanyepo iwayo: kureva, sezvo Kagame ari mushandi weU.S. Masimba ehushe hwekuMadokero, mishumo yemhosva dzake inofuratirwa nevakuru vakuru vekuMadokero uye inodziviswa munhau dzinozivikanwa. Chokwadi, icho Howard French nevamwe vake vasingagoni kubvuma, ndechekuti chaiyo 1994 genocide yaive. wo zvikuru basa raPaul Kagame, achibatsirwa naBill Clinton, maBritish nemaBelgians, UN, nevezvenhau.15]
Paul Kagame anovimba nengano yebasa rake remuponesi kuchengetedza hutongi hwake hweRwanda,16] kunyangwe izvi zvichingowedzera kuvimba kwake nesimba. Asi akaita "kuramba kuuraya rudzi" mhosva, nemuenzaniso we "Rwandan genocide" yakatorwa sechokwadi, kuitira kuti avo vanopikisa simba rake vabatwe se "vanoramba kuurayiwa kwemarudzi" kana "vanoparadzanisa" uye vatongerwe mhosva dzakashata. Rwandan state. Nechikonzero ichi, gweta rekuAmerica uye vari gweta rinotungamira kuICTR, VaPeter Erlinder, vakasungwa pavakasvika muRwanda mukupera kwaChivabvu vachimirira VaVictoire Ingabire Umuhoza, mumiriri wevaHutu vanopikisa hurumende, avo vakasungwawo nekurambidzwa kukwikwidza musarudzo. hofisi yezvematongerwo enyika. Kunyange zvazvo Erlinder akasunungurwa nebherori pakati paJune, kusungwa kwake uye kukanganisa kwakarongeka kwemapato anopikisa nevanokwikwidza sarudzo yaAugust isati yasvika kwave kusina kunaka kune vanodzivirira muponesi uye muenzaniso wekare.17]
Nezve hunhu hwengano hweiyo modhi, funga zvinotevera:
* “Chiitiko chinonyandura” mukuparadza rudzi kwokutanga chinowanzobvumwa kuva chakanga chiri kupfurwa kwaApril 6, 1994 kwendege yakanga yakatakura Juvenal Habyarimana, purezidhendi wechiHutu weRwanda, uye Cyprien Ntaryamira, purezidhendi wechiHutu weBurundi. Pane humbowo hukuru hwekuti kupfura uku kwakarongwa naPaul Kagame. Iyi yaive mhedziso yaMichael Hourigan, muongorori akatsvaga nyaya yeICTR muna 1996.18] Asi rondedzero yake pamusoro peizvi kumuchuchisi weICTR, Louise Arbor, yakasendekwa parutivi, mushure mekutaurirana nevakuru veU. Sei ICTR, chisikwa che Security Council inotongwa neU.S., yaizosiya nyaya iyi kunze kwekunge humbowo hwechokwadi hwakanongedzera kuKagame inotsigirwa neUS neRPF?
* Kuongorora kwakawedzera kwe "chiitiko chinokonzeresa" neMutongi weFrance Jean-Louis Bruguière akagumisa kuti Kagame. zvinodiwa "kubviswa kwenyama" kwaHabyarimana kuti vatore masimba ehurumende mukati meRwanda sarudzo dzemunyika dzisati dzadaidzirwa neArusha Accords ya1993, sarudzo idzo Kagame angadai akarasikirwa nazvo, sezvo vaTutsi vashoma vavo vaive vawandirwa nevaHutu vazhinji. [19] Bruguière akacherekedzawo kuti RPF chete muRwanda muna 1994 vaive mauto akarongeka, uye vakagadzirira kurova. Uye vezvematongerwo enyika vasina simba asi vane mauto vakasimba veRPF inotungamirwa naKagame akaita kurova, kutangazve kurwisa hurumende yeRwanda mukati memaawa maviri kubva pakuurayiwa kwaHabyarimana. Izvi zvinopa zivo yepamberi pamwe chete nekuronga uye sangano rakagadzirira kuita chimwe chinhu, nepo vagadziri vevaHutu mushanduro yengano yezviitiko izvi zvinoratidzika kunge zvisina kurongeka, zvakakurisa, uye nokukurumidza kukurirwa. Pasina kana mazuva zana, Kagame neRPF vaitonga Rwanda. Pafungidziro yokuti kupfura-pasi kwakanga kuri pakati pegadziriro huru yeHutu Power nokuparadza rudzi, ikoku kungadai kwakada chishamiso chokusakwanisa kwaHutu; asi zvaizonzwisisika zvachose kana zvakaitwa nechisimba chaKagame sechikamu che zvavo kuronga kutora masimba ehurumende.
* Kagame akadzidziswa kuFort Leavenworth, Kansas, uye akawana rutsigiro rwakatsiga rweU.S. zvinhu uye zvematongerwo enyika kubva panguva yaakatora chigaro chehutungamiri hweRPF nguva pfupi RPF yapinda muRwanda kubva kuUganda muna Gumiguru 1990,[20] chiito chechisimba chakakomba icho neimwe nzira chisina kurangarirwa zvakakomba muSecurity Council, kusvikira nokupfuura kurwisa kwokupedzisira kweRPF nyika yeRwanda kwakavamba musi waApril 6, 1994. Mukati medenho iyoyo yaApril, apo “kupondwa kworudzi” kwakaitika sezvinofungidzirwa. zvichienderera mberi, vakasarira vehurumende yeRwanda vakakurudzira UN kuti iwanze mauto akawanda kuti adzore mhirizhonga, asi Paul Kagame akanga asingadi mamwe mauto eUN sezvo aiva nechokwadi chokukunda kwehondo, uye—zvinoshamisa!—United States yakanga ichipikisawo. kuwedzera kwemauto akadaro. Somugumisiro, Security Council zvikuru kuderedza huwandu hwemauto eUN muRwanda - zvakati omei kuwiriranisa neyakajairwa account yekuti nzvimbo yebasa remazuva zana ekuuraya inogara ne "Hutu Power" (nemhondi) nehurongwa hwavo hwekuparadza rudzi. Kukumbira ruregerero muna 100 naBill Clinton akamiririra "nharaunda yepasirese" ye "kusaita [kuita] nekukurumidza zvakakwana mushure mekuuraya kwatanga"[21] aiva unyengeri husinganzwisisike. Pane kuti vakundikane pane chimwe chinangwa chisipo chekubatsira vanhu, hutungamiriri hwaClinton hwakaita kuti Kagame akunde Rwanda muna 1994, saka Clinton anogovera hutsotsi hwaKagame hwemhirizhonga yakaitika muRwanda uye nemhirizhonga iyo RPF yakawedzera zvine utsinye muDRC kwemakore akawanda kudaro.
* Nezveuchapupu pamusoro pokuuraya kwacho, hapana mubvunzo kuti vaTutsi vakawanda vakaurayiwa, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kacho mumhirizhonga yakaitika pano neapo uye nokuurayana kwokutsiva, kwete nemhaka yokuronga kwakarongeka kwevakuru vakuru vechiHutu. Mauto eKagame chete anoita kunge auraya zvine hungwaru uye zvakarongwa. Uye kuuraya kwavo kwakaderedzwa neUN neUnited States. Hakusi chete kuti mushumo wa1994 Gersony wekuurayiwa kwevaHutu neRPF wakadzvinyirirwa neUN, chirevo chemukati meMunyori weNyika weU.S. munaGunyana 1994 chakashuma kuurayiwa kwe“10,000 kana kupfuura vagari vechiHutu pamwedzi” nemauto eTutsi zvakare haana kumboona. chiedza chezuva, kunze kwekufukunurwa kwayo naPeter Erlinder uye kushandiswa kwayo sehumbowo paICTR.22] Apo vadzidzi vekuU.S. Christian Davenport naAllan Stam, vakamboshanda neICTR kunyora nezverufu rwese muRwanda muna 1994, vakagumisa kuti “ruzhinji rwevakaurayiwa vangangove vaHutu kwete vaTutsi,” vakabva vadzingwa basa. "Kuuraya kwevanhu munharaunda inodzorwa neFAR [kureva, Mauto Ehondo eRwanda] kwaiita sekwaiwedzera sezvo [RPF] yakapinda munyika yacho ndokuwana imwe nzvimbo," vanonyora kudaro, vachipfupikisa zvavanofunga kuti "mugumisiro unotyisa kwazvo" tsvakurudzo yavo. "Apo [RPF] yakawedzera, kuuraya kukuru kwakawedzera. Pakamira [RPF], kuuraya kukuru kwakadzikira."[23]
Zvingadai zvisina kushamisa here kuti mauto eTutsi aKagame, iro chete rakanyatso kurongeka kuuraya mukati meRwanda muna 1994, avo vakakwira munhandare yehondo vakaperekedzwa zvine hungwaru nemaspikes murufu, uye vakakwanisa kukunda Rwanda mumazuva zana. kusakwanisa kudzivirira kufa kwevaTutsi kubva pakupfuura kufa kwevaHutu nemuganho mukuru, seyakajairwa muenzaniso we "Rwandan genocide" inobata? Chokwadi, zvinoshamisa, uye zvinofanirwa kutorwa sengano inoparadzirwa.
* Ngano iyi haienderani nenhamba dzechiverengero chavanhu. Sezvatakatanga kutaura kune imwe nzvimbo,[24] uye zvino ndichadzokorora pano (ona Tafura 1, pazasi), kuverengwa kwevanhu kwa1991 kweRwanda kwakaratidza kuparara kwemadzinza enyika kuva 91.1% vaHutu, 8.4% vaTutsi, 0.4% Twa, uye 0.1% "vamwe." Nokudaro kubva munhamba yavagari vemo yeRwanda ya1991 yavanhu 7,099,844 596,387 6,467,958, vaTutsi vashomanene veRwanda vakanga vari XNUMX XNUMX, zvichienzaniswa nenhamba zhinji yechiHutu yeXNUMX. Pamusoro pezvo, sekutaura kwaDavenport naStam mune yavo Miller-McCune IBUKA yakataura kuti "vaTutsi vanenge 300,000 1994 vakapona pakaurayiwa 800,000" -nhamba iyo inoreva kuti "pavanhu 1 XNUMX kusvika kumiriyoni imwe vanotendwa kuti vakaurayiwa panguva iyoyo, vanopfuura hafu vaiva vaHutu."25] Chokwadi, zvinobvira zvikuru kuti vanopfuura hafu yevakaurayiwa muRwanda mukati menguva yaApril-Chikunguru 1994 vaiva vaHutu; uye zvechokwadi mushure mekunge RPF yatora simba rehurumende muna Chikunguru, kufa kwevaHutu mukati meRwanda uye gare gare DRC yakaramba ichienderera mberi kwemamwe makore gumi nehafu.
Kupedzisa Cherechedzo
Kune kuenderera kukuru mumutemo weUS muNyika Yetatu, uye hazvinakidze. Saka mukuru weBill Clinton akakwanisa kuwana muurayi mukuru Suharto "rudzi rwedu" muna 1995, uye Suharto akawana rutsigiro rwakatsiga rweU.S. kwemakore 33, kuburikidza nehutongi hwaJohnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, naClinton, kusvika pakudonha kwake. panguva yekunetsa kwemari yeAsia muna 1998. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kubva muna 1990 kusvika nhasi, Paul Kagame, muurayi mukuru ane hutsinye, akawana rutsigiro kubva kuna George Bush wekutanga, Bill Clinton, wechipiri George Bush, uye iye zvino. Barack Obama (uyo Mutevedzeri weMunyori weNyika anga asati asvika pakutarisa gwaro reUN Report pamusoro pekupondwa kwevanhu vakawanda kwaKagame muDRC). Zvinonakidza, zvakare, kuona vezvenhau vachibata iyi yazvino "rudzi rwedu rwemukomana" zvine mutsa, nevakasununguka New Yorker's Philip Gourevitch kunyange kuenzanisa Kagame naAbe Lincoln (mubhuku rake ra1998 Tinoda kukuzivisai kuti mangwana tinouraiwa nemhuri dzedu), uye Stephen Kinzer achiburitsa hagiography yemumiririri anouraya wesimba reU.S.Chiuru Makomo: Kuberekwazve kweRwanda uye Murume Akazvirota [2008].
Chirevo cheUN chakaburitswa uye kushambadzwa kwakashata kwakagadzirwa nesarudzo dzesham yaKagame muna Nyamavhuvhu 2010 zvinogona kuvhura ruzhinji zvishoma kusvika pakuongorora kwechokwadi kwemuurayi mukuru anotsigirwa neUS. Asi icho hachisi chinhu chechokwadi, zvakapihwa kukosha kwebasa rake kusimba reUS muAfrica, uye nekupihwa kwakadzama kweiyo US kuzvipira kurondedzero iyo kwemakore akawanda yakadzivirira uye yakatotsvenesa "murume akarota."
[ Edward S. Herman naDavid Peterson vanyori vepa Zvematongerwo Enyika, rakabudiswa muna 2010 ne Monthly Review Press. ]
Edward S. Herman naDavid Peterson, "Paul Kagame: 'Rudzi rwedu Guy'," Z Magazine, Gumiguru, 2010.
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