[Iyi ihurukuro yakapihwa muRimini Italy paMusangano wePio Manzu Institute…panguva yaAlbert achitambira Menduru Mutungamiriri weItaly Republic yebasa reParecon. Citation paMenduru yaive…
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Menduru yeMutungamiriri weItaly Republic Yakapihwa neInternational Scientific Committee yePio Manzu Center kuna Michael Albert.
Nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yekuAmerica Michael Albert ndiye munyori wedzidziso yakashinga, ine hunyanzvi hwezvehupfumi ine chinangwa chekutsiva makwikwi ekuzvishandira mundima yehupfumi nekushandira pamwe kwakaenzana.
Pamwe chete nemunyori pamwe naye Robin Hahnel, Purofesa weEconomics paAmerican University, Washington D.C., akagadzira uye akasimudzira chimiro chehupfumi chepamusoro, chinonzi Participatory Economics, chinoumba imwe nzira kune capitalism uye kune yaimbove Soviet- chimiro cheReal Socialism.
MuChikwata Chezveupfumi, kubatana kunotora nzvimbo yemakwikwi uye mubairo wenguva, kusimba, uye kuneta kwebasa kunotsiva mubairo wemidziyo, simba, kana zvinobuda. Saizvozvowo, nzira dzekuzvitonga dzinotsiva kuita sarudzo dzeutongi uye nzira itsva yekugovera inonzi kuronga kwekudyidzana inotsiva misika.
Kuti aone purojekiti yake yekuchinja zvakanyanya hurongwa hwekugadzira bhizinesi rakazvimirira hunounza kusashanda zvakanaka kwehupfumi, Michael Albert anoverengera vashandi nevatengi vanoshanda mumakanzuru zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekutora chikamu kuzvitonga.
Pio Manzu¹ Center inoona kuti dzidziso itsva yenyanzvi yezvehupfumi yekuAmerica inoumba dambudziko rine simba uye rakanyatsotsanangurwa kumhando dzazvino dzepfungwa dzemagariro nehupfumi uye kuti kunaka kwaAlbert kuri pakuti aratidza nzira huru muhurongwa hwehupfumi. chirevo chinogoneka.
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Mikhail Gorbachev, Mutungamiri
17 October 2004
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Hurukuro yaiti:
Sei mumwe wangu anowanzo nyora Robin Hahnel neni takapa nguva yakawanda nesimba mukusimudzira, kutsanangura, uye zvino tichikurudzira muenzaniso wehupfumi kutsiva capitalism? Ndezvipi zvimiro zvemuenzaniso? Inosiyana sei nemamwe mamodheru. Uye ndezvipi zvinorehwa naro ipapo?
Isu tinogadzirisa maonero ehupfumi nekuti mumashoko emukuru wezvehupfumi John Maynard Keynes: ‘[Capitalism] haisi kubudirira. Haina hungwaru, haina kunaka, haina kurongeka, haina kunaka - uye haina kuendesa zvinhu. Muchidimbu, hatizvifariri, uye tave kutanga kuzvishora. Asi patinoshamisika kuti chii chatingaisa panzvimbo yazvo, tinovhiringidzika zvikuru.’ Tinotaura nezvechiono chezvemari kuti tibvise kuvhiringidzika ikoko.
Capitalism humbavha. Kushanda zvine hasha nekuzvirereka kwevagari vazhinji kunopfumisa vamwe vashoma vasingafanire kushanda zvachose. Kazhinji, avo vanoshanda kwenguva yakareba uye zvakaoma vanowana zvishoma. Avo vanoshanda zvishoma kwenguva refu uye zvishoma zvishoma vanowana yakawanda.
Kurutivi rwokumusoro Kumadokero kweNew York City, hakuna nharaunda dzakaparadzana nekiromita imwe umo mavhareji emari inoraswa ari kurutivi rwevarombo inenge $5,000 500,000 pagore uye kudivi rakapfuma inenge $XNUMX XNUMX pagore. Vanhu vakapfuma kwazvo muU.S. vakakosha kudarika huwandu hwenyika dzese. Vanhu vanotambura zvikuru muUS vanogara pasi pemabhiriji mumatanda ekuchengetedza makadhibhodi, kana kurega kugara zvachose. Mukaha uyu haubvi nekuda kwekubishaira kwakasiyana kana tarenda. Imhaka yehukama hwemagariro hunomanikidza vazhinji kupfumisa vashoma.
Capitalism ndeyekuparadzanisa uye inopesana nemagariro evanhu. Mukati mecapitalism vavariro dzinotungamira sarudzo ndedzekuda kwete zvemunhu, udyire kwete magariro. Isu tose tinotsvaka kumberi kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe. Mhedzisiro, zvisingashamisi, inzvimbo inopesana nemagariro umo vakomana vakanaka vanopedza pekupedzisira.
Muzvipatara zveU.S., makumi ezviuru zvevanhu pagore anofa nehosha dzavakanga vasina pavakapinda. Ichi chikamu chikuru inyaya yehutsanana uye mamwe matambudziko anogadziriswa. Zvakadaro hapana mushandirapamwe wakakura wekuponesa hupenyu uhu. Zvaisazobatsira. Nzara munyika yose ine chikonzero chimwe chetecho; Kudyisa varombo zvakakwana hakubatsiri sekudyisa vapfumi zvakanyanya. Hutano hwatinowana, chikafu chatinodya, imba ipi yatinogara, inouya kwatiri nekuti mumwe munhu akange asingatsvagi hutano, chekudya, kana pekugara kune vese, asi purofiti yavo. Economic logic inotsvaga purofiti kwete kugara zvakanaka. Mabhenefiti kune vasina simba anomuka chete sechigadzirwa, kwete chinangwa, uye kashoma pane izvozvo. Sokutaura kwakaita Keynes, ‘Ukuru hwoupfumi kutenda kunoshamisa kwokuti munhu akaipa zvikurusa achaita zvinhu zvakaipa zvikurusa nokuda kwezvakanaka zvikurusa zvomunhu ari wose.’
Capitalism ine chiremera. Mukati menzvimbo dzebasa dzecapitalism avo vanoshanda nesimba uye mabasa anonetesa vane dzinenge zero kutaura pamusoro pemamiriro, zvinobuda, uye chinangwa chekuedza kwavo. Avo varidzi kana vanotonga zvinzvimbo zvinopa masimba vane pese pese. Kwete kunyange Stalin aidzora apo vanhu vaigona kuzorora, kudya, kana kuenda kuchimbuzi, asi varidzi vemakambani vanogara vachishandisa simba rakadaro. Makambani anoparadza democracy.
Capitalism haina basa. Capitalism inopambadza kugona kuita zvibereko kwechikamu che80% chevanhu nekuvadzidzisa kunyanya kutsungirira kufinhwa uye kutora mirairo, kwete kuzadzisa kugona kwavo kukuru. Inoparadza zviwanikwa zvakawandisa pakugadzira kutengesa kusingabatsiri, uye pakumanikidza mabasa anomanikidzwa uye nekudaro anorambwa.
Capitalism ine rusaruraganda uye rusaruraganda. Izvi hazvisi zvemukati muhukama hwekugadzira, asi zvinoitika nekuti pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemakwikwi emusika varidzi vanotora zvisingadzivisiki maitiro emarudzi uye echikadzi anogadzirwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenzanga. Kana zvimwe zvehupfumi zvichideredza simba rekutaurirana revamwe vatambi uye richisimudza revamwe kana pazvinenge zvakanganisa zvinotarisirwa kuti ndiani anofanira kutonga uye kuti ndiani anofanira kuteerera - kutsvaga purofiti, macapitalist anogara uye kunyange kuwedzera kusarongeka.
Capitalism ine mhirizhonga. Kutsvaga kutonga kwemusika we capitalist kunoita kuti nyika dzipesane nedzimwe nyika. Avo vane zvombo zvakakwana vanoshandisa zviwanikwa uye vagari vevaya vasina nzira dzokuzvidzivirira nadzo, dzimwe nguva vachitotanga hondo isiri tsvene.
Capitalism haigoneki. Misika inosimudzira kuverenga kwenguva pfupi uye kuita kurasira tsvina pane vamwe kudzivirira mutengo nzira iri nyore uye isingadzivisike yekuwana purofiti. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanobvuta mari vanounganidza uye kuunganidza, kufuratira kana nemaune kuvanza maitiro kwete chete kune vashandi nevatengi, asiwo pane nharaunda yanhasi uye mangwana zviwanikwa. Tinoona mhedzisiro mudenga, mvura, uye ivhu, zvichideredzwa chete nemafambisirwo emagariro anomanikidza maitiro akachenjera.
Ini ndaigona kuenderera mberi nekutsanangura kutadza kunokanganisa kwe capitalism, asi handifunge kuti zvakakosha.
Muna 2004 vanhu vashoma chete ndivo vakaitwa unzenza nezvavanonakira, kana kusaziva zvakanyanya nedzidzo yavo yepamusoro, kana kuvhiringika nenhepfenyuro, zvekuti vachiri kutadza kuona kuti capitalism ikozvino kuparadzwa kukuru kwekusarongeka kunopesana nevanhu. muzvinhu zvose.
Sokutaura kwakaita John Stuart Mill, ‘Ndinoreurura kuti handiyemurwi nenharidzano youpenyu inotsigirwa naavo vanofunga kuti mugariro wenguva dzose wavanhu ndeuyo wokutamburira kupfuurira; kuti kutsikwa-tsikwa, kupwanya, kukotama, uye kutsika-tsika zvitsitsinho zvomumwe nomumwe, izvo zvinoumba rudzi ruripo rwoupenyu hwenzanga, ndiwo mugove unodikanwa zvikurusa wavanhu.’ Asi chii chatinoda panzvimbo pezvo?
Participatory Economics, kana parecon, yakavakirwa pazvisungo zvina zvemasangano.
Chekutanga, muparecon vanhu vanotora chikamu muhupenyu hwehupfumi kuburikidza nevashandi vakagariswa nemakanzura evatengi anogara achimuka pese apo vanhu vanotsvaga kudzora hupfumi hwavo, sezvazvinongoita muArgentina. Chinhu chakawedzerwa chemakanzuru eparecon kuzvipira kuita sarudzo dzega. Vanhu vanofanirwa kupesvedzera sarudzo zvichienderana nekuti ivo vanozokanganiswawo nazvo.
Dzimwe nguva kuzvitonga kunoitwa zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemunhu mumwechete vhoti imwe uye mutemo weruzhinji. Dzimwe nguva zvinosanganisira kuti tally yakasiyana inodiwa, kana kubvumirana, kana kuti chikamu chemavhoti eruzhinji. Mune parecon, nzira dzekuverengera dzatinoshandisa nzira dzekuwana kuzvitonga kwakakodzera kune vese vanobatanidzwa. Vakadaro vevashandi vanozvitarisira uye makanzuru evatengi haafanane nemakambani epamusoro atinotsungirira nhasi.
Chechipiri, mubairo muparecon ndeyekuedza uye nekuzvipira, kwete yezvakabuda kana simba rekutaurirana. Muparecon tichawana yakawanda kana tikashanda kwenguva yakareba, kana tikashanda nesimba, kana tikashanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kana kuti anokuvadza.
Parecon inoramba munhu anotambira nekuda kwekuva nechitupa muhomwe yake. Iko hakuna hunhu kana kurudziro warandi kune izvozvo. Parecon inorambawo hupfumi hwehuggish umo vanhu vanowana zvavanogona kutora, sekuchinjana kwemusika. Zvakanyanya kukakavara, parecon inorambawo kuti tinofanira kudzosa kubva kuhupfumi huwandu hwatinopa kwairi nemabasa edu ega.
Kuwanda kwatinoita kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvatisingakwanise kudzora: kuva kwedu nematurusi ari nani, kana kushanda kwedu munzvimbo ine zvibereko zvakanyanya, kana kugadzira kwedu zvinhu zvinokosheswa, kana kuva kwedu nehunhu hwekuzvarwa hunowedzera goho redu. Kurudziro yehupfumi inoda kukurudzira vashandi vane pundutso kunyangwe zvichinetsa. Mubayiro wenhamburiko uye kuzvipira inoita mufungo wetsika nezvemari. Kupa mubairo rombo rakanaka rekuva nemajini anobereka zvakawanda, maturusi, nezvimwe, hazvidaro.
Chechitatu, hupfumi hwekutora chikamu hunoda kupatsanurwa kutsva kwevashandi. Dai hupfumi hutsva hwaizobvisa purofiti yakazvimirira, kushandisa makanzuru ekuzvitonga, uye kubhadhara kushanda nesimba uye kuzvipira, asi panguva imwe cheteyo kuchengetedza chikamu chevashandi chevashandi, zvisungo zvaro zvinenge zvisingawirirane. Kuve ne20% yevashandi vanotonga zvakanyanya basa rinopa simba uye rinofadza uye vachisiya makumi masere muzana nebasa rinoteerera, rote, rinoomesa musoro, uye rinorema, zvinovimbisa kuti boka rekare - randinodaidza kirasi yemurongi - richatonga pamusoro peboka rekupedzisira rekushanda.
Kunyangwe nekuzvipira kwakarongeka kune kuzvitonga, semugumisiro webasa ravanoita, varongi vanopinda munhaurirano yega yega yesarudzo vachitsanangudza hurongwa hwayo, varidzi veruzivo rwunoenderana nekukakavadzana, kuve nemaitiro anogombedzera ekutaurirana, uye kusimbisa kuvimba nesimba tora chikamu zvizere. Mukupesana, vafa uye vaneta nebasa ravanoita, vashandi vanouya kuhurukuro dzesarudzo vasina simba uye vaneta. Varongi vanozoona zvabuda, kusanganisira kusarudza kuzvibhadharira zvakanyanya, kugadzirisa misangano nekuita sarudzo nekusasanganisa izvo zviri pazasi, uye kutungamira sarudzo dzehupfumi mune zvavanofarira.
Izvi ndezvemakirasi, pakupedzisira.
Nekuda kwechiito chavo kupfuma, varidzi mu capitalism vanotungamira nzira dzekugadzira. Vanohaya uye vanodzimisa nhapwa dzemihoro. Asi kubvisa hukama uhwu hakuna kufanana nekuwana kirasi. Rimwe boka riri panzvimbo yevaridzi uye rinotsanangurwa nechinzvimbo charo muhupfumi, rinogona kushandisa simba rakazara uye kuzvikudza pamusoro pevashandi. Kuti tidzivise kutonga neboka remurongi pamusoro pevashandi zvinoda kuti titsive kupatsanurwa kwevashandi nemaitiro matsva ekutsanangura mabasa ebasa. Parecon inodana iyi yechitatu kuzvipira masangano akaenzana mabasa emabasa.
Wese munharaunda chero ipi zvayo achange achiita muunganidzwa wemabasa sebasa rake. Kana hupfumi hukashandisa chikamu chevashandi mabasa edu anobatana kuita basa rinopa simba zvakanyanya kana rinonyanya kuderedza. Kusiyana neizvi, hupfumi hunotora chikamu huchabatanidza mabasa kuita mabasa kuitira kuti simba rekupa simba rebasa rega rega rifanane nekugonesa kwese kwerimwe basa. Hatizove nemamaneja nevaunganidzi, vapepeti nevanyori, vanachiremba vekuvhiya uye vanamukoti. Mabasa ava vatambi vanozadzisa zvino anoenderera mberi, asi basa rakakamurwa zvakasiyana. Hongu vamwe vanhu vanovhiya asi vazhinji vasingadaro, asi avo vanotora scalpel kuuropi vanochenesawo mapani emibhedha, kana kutsvaira pasi, kana kubatsira nemamwe mabasa echipatara.
Kugoneswa kwese uye kunakidzwa kunoitwa basa idzva rechiremba anovhiyiwa kunoitwa pakati nepakati nekugadzirisa mabasa. Iye zvino ane basa rakadzikama rinopa simba rakakwana uye mafaro sebasa idzva remunhu akambochenesa chete. Kutonga kwezvandinodaidza boka remurongi pamusoro pevamwe vashandi vese kunobviswa kwete nekubvisa mabasa ekupa simba kana nemunhu wese anoita zvinhu zvakafanana. Zvose izvi zvingasarudzwa hazvisi zvisina musoro chete asi hazvigoneki. Uye mutemo wekirasi wemurongi haubviswe nekungorumbidza basa reroti sechinhu chakakosha, izvo zvinogoneka uye zvakamboyedzwa, asi izvo zvisina chimiro. Chinobvisa mutemo weboka remurongi kugovera basa rekupa simba uye rerote kuitira kuti vese vanoita zvehupfumi vakwanise kutora chikamu mukuita sarudzo dzakazvimiririra pasina mukana unowanikwa kune vamwe nekuda kwemabasa avo ehupfumi.
Chekupedzisira, chechina, ko kana tiine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzebasa nenharaunda dzakazvipira kuva nevashandi nekanzuru yevatengi, kushandisa nzira dzekuzvisarudzira, kuva nenzvimbo dzebasa dzakadzikama, uye kupa mibairo yekuedza uye kuzvipira, asi, nekuwedzera. kune aya maficha, isu tinosarudza kuronga pakati kana kumisika yekugoverwa? Izvi zvingaumba chiono chitsva uye chakakodzera here?
Nekuronga kwepakati varongi vaizosiyaniswa nemafungiro uye magadzirirwo hunhu hwebasa ravo, uye pasina kupokana zvakare nedzidzo yavo kana zvimwe zvitupa. Vaizotsvaga kuve nevamiriri munzvimbo yega yega yebasa yavaigona kutaurirana navo uye vanozove nebasa rekusimbisa hurongwa hwepakati, vanhu vane magwaro akafanana kune vanoronga uye vakapihwa kodzero dzakafanana dzekutonga. Masimba ekuronga epakati ari pasi enda mirairo kumusoro kunouya ruzivo nezve mukana wekuzadzisa iwo, pasi enda yakashandurwa mirairo kumusoro kunouya rumwe ruzivo, pasi enda yekupedzisira mirairo kumusoro kunouya kuteerera. Chimiro chemurairo chine chiremera uye sezvatakaona muSoviet Union yekare zvinoreva kirasi ndeyekumutsa murongi / mushandirapamwe munzvimbo imwe neimwe yebasa uye muhupfumi hwose. Kuronga kwepakati kunogadzirisa zvimwe zvitsva zvedu uye nekudaro kunofanirwa kurambwa sekusina kukodzera kugoverwa.
Misika yakafanana mukusakodzera kwavo, uye nyaya yacho inonyanya kukosha nekuti misika ine rutsigiro rwakawanda kutenderera pasirese, uye kunyangwe kuruboshwe.
Chekutanga, misika yaizoparadza mubairo wakaenzana nekupa mubairo wezvakabuda uye simba rekutaurirana pane kungopa mubairo kushanda nesimba uye kuzvipira.
Chechipiri, misika yaizomanikidza vatengi nevatengesi kuti vaedze kutenga zvakachipa uye kutengesa zvinodikanwa, mumwe nemumwe achimhanyisa mumwe nepaanogona napo muzita rekufambira mberi uye kunyangwe kupona kwehupfumi. Misika inoparadza kubatana.
Chechitatu, misika inotoburitsa kusagutsikana sechinangwa, nekuti vasina kugutsikana chete ndivo vanotenga, vozotenga zvakare, uye zvakare. Sezvo mutungamiri mukuru weGeneral Motors 'Research Labs, Charles Kettering akazvitaura, bhizinesi rinoda kuumba 'mutengi asingagutsikani'; basa rayo ‘nderokusika kwakarongwa kwokusagutsikana.’ Achitevera zano rake amene, Kettering akatanga chinjo dzegore negore dzemotokari dzeGM—kusashanda kwakarongwa kwakarongedzerwa kuita kuti mutengi asagutsikane nezvaakanga achitova nazvo.
Chechina, misika zvakare kukanganisa-mutengo wekutengeserana, uchifunga chete maitiro avo kune vanokurumidza kutenga nevatengesi asi kwete kune avo vakakanganiswa nekusvibiswa kana, nekuda kwechinhu ichocho, nemhedzisiro yakanaka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti misika inogara ichityora chiyero cheecological uye kusimba.
Chechishanu, misika inogadzira mamiriro emakwikwi umo nzvimbo dzebasa dzinofanira kuderedza mitengo uye kutsvaga mugove wemusika zvisinei nezvinorehwa nevamwe.
Kuita izvo misika inovamanikidza kuita, kunyangwe nzvimbo itsva dzebasa dzine makanzuru anozvitonga anofarira mihoro yakaenzana uye nzvimbo dzebasa dzakaringana hazvizove nechisarudzo kunze kwekuwedzera mihoro yekufambirana kana kukunda vakwikwidzi. Isu taizofanira kukanda mari dzedu kune vamwe, kuwana mari kuburikidza nekushandisa zvakanyanya, uye kuderedza mari yekugadzira pamutengo wevashandi. Uye sezvo kuita zvinhu izvi kunoda hunhu hwekutarisira zvakasara, uyezve kusununguka kubva mukurwadziswa nesarudzo dzemaneja, tinohaya vanhu vane pfungwa dzakachena uye dzinoverengera zvikoro zvebhizinesi zvinogadzira, uye isu taipa mamaneja mhepo. mahofisi ane maconditioned uye nharaunda yakanaka, uye uvaudze, zvakanaka, dzikisa mitengo yedu.
Sezvineiwo nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemisika isu taizozvimanikidza isu kirasi yevanoronga, kwete kuburikidza nemutemo wechisikigo, uye kwete nekuti isu tinotsvaka kuzviisa pasi, asi nekuti misika inotimanikidza kuzviita kuti tihwine musika uye kudzivirira kubuda mubhizinesi.
Zvese izvi hurwere, ndinofanira kucherechedza, zvinowedzerwa zvakanyanya kusaverengerwa - kana mune yazvino lexicon, zvakanyanya kusununguka - misika yedu. Pane kashoma kana kwakambove nemisika inokwikwidza seiyo yeBritain mukutanga kwezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe. Zvisinei, pasi pesimba remisika inenge yakasununguka, sokutaura kwakaita nyanzvi yezveupfumi Robert Solow, ‘vacheche vaiwanzoshanda zvakaoma kusvika pakufa nokukurumidza mumakomba eBlack Country.’ Solow anowedzera kuti ‘misika iri kushanda zvakanaka yave hapana tsika yokuzvarwa nayo yekusimudzira kugona mune chero chimiro. Havapi chirambidzo kumasimba anoita kuti munhu adzikire muushati hwetsika kana kuti ushati hwetsika.’ Misika naizvozvo inorambidzwa nokuda kwoupfumi hunokarirwa.
Saka chii chinotsiva misika uye kuronga kwepakati kutenderedza zvinotsanangura zvehupfumi hwemubatanidzwa? Mhinduro yeParecon ndeyekuronga kubatanidzwa.
Chatinoda panzvimbo yekuronga kwepakati uye yemakwikwi ekugovaniswa kwemusika ndeyevashandi vane ruzivo vanozvitarisira uye vatengi vane kudzidziswa kwakakodzera uye chivimbo uye nekurudziro yemagariro kuti vataurirane nekubatana mapindiro uye zvinobuda mumwe nemumwe achiwana ruzivo rwakakwana uye kukosha uye imwe neimwe iine chirevo muchikamu sesarudzo. kuvakanganisa. Ndeipi system yekugovera inogona kuita zvese izvo?
Makanzuru evashandi nevatengi anoratidza mabasa avo ebasa uye zvavanofarira mashandisiro maererano neruzivo rwakanyanya kuwanikwa uye runogara ruchivandudzwa rwekukosheswa kwechokwadi kwemabhenefiti akazara emagariro uye mutengo wesarudzo dzavo. Makanzuru anopinda mukutaurirana kuseri uye mberi kwezvido zvine ruzivo. Vanoshandisa akasiyana siyana maturusi ekutaurirana anosanganisira mitengo yekuratidza, mabhodhi ekufambisa, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobvumidza vatambi kutaura, kuyananisira, uye kunatsa zvishuwo zvavo maererano nezvido zvemumwe mutambi.
Vashandi nevatengi vanoratidza zvavanoda uye zveboka zvavanofarira. Vanodzidza zvakataurwa nevamwe. Vanoshandura zvavanoda mukuedza kuenda kubasa rinogutsa ivo pachavo uye kushandisa pamwe chete nehurongwa hwese hunoshanda. Panhanho imwe neimwe itsva munhaurirano mutambi wega wega anotsvaga kugara zvakanaka kwake uye kusimukira, asi mumwe nemumwe anogona kuvandudza mamiriro ake chete nekuita zvinoenderana nerubatsiro rweruzhinji rwevanhu kwete nekushandisa vamwe.
Sezve mune chero hupfumi, vatengi vanotora chirevo chemari yavanowana uye mari inodiwa yezvinhu zviripo uye vanosarudza zvavanoda. Vashandi vanoratidzawo kuti ibasa rakawanda sei ravanoshuvira kuita maererano nezvikumbiro zvezvavanoburitsa, pamwe chete nezvavanoda zvebasa/kutandara.
Mucapitalism, sekutaura kunoita mukuru anoshambadzira ane mukurumbira Ernest Dichter: ‘Tinofanira kushandisa hunyanzvi hwazvino hwekufunga kwekukurudzira uye sainzi yemagariro kuita kuti vanhu vasagutsikane zvinovaka…. Kana uchifara zvikuru noupenyu hwako, kana uchifarira kupedza nguva nevana vako, uchitamba navo uye uchitaura navo; kana uchida zvinhu zvakasikwa…kana uchingofarira kutaura nevanhu…kana uchinakidzwa nokurarama zviri nyore, kana ukaona kuti hapana chikonzero chokukwikwidzana neshamwari dzako kana vavakidzani—unobatsirei mune zveupfumi?’
Asi mune parecon, kwete chete hapana munhu ane chido chekutengesa nemutengo wakawedzerwa, hapana munhu ane chido chekutengesa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuwana mari - nokuti kutengesa zvakawanda haisi iyo mari inowanikwa. Uyewo hapana makwikwi ekugoverana kwemusika. Zvinangwa ndezvekuzadzisa zvinodiwa uye kukudziridza zvinogoneka pasina kutambisa zvinhu. Isu tinotsvaga kuburitsa izvo zvinogamuchirika munharaunda uye zvinobatsira uye kuzadzisa isu pachedu pamwe nezvimwe zvese zvinofarirwa nenzanga senzira chete yekuenda mberi isu pachedu kana pamwe chete.
Nhaurirano dzinoitika munhevedzano yekuronga kutenderera. Mutambi wega wega ane chido mukushandiswa kunobudirira kwezvinogoneka kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nekuti mumwe nemumwe anowana mugove wezvinobuda zvakaenzana uye unokura sezvo goho rose rinokura. Wese mutambi zvakare ane kufarira mukudyara kunoderedza basa rehudrudge uye kunatsiridza hunhu uye kugoneswa kweavhareji yakaringana basa rakaoma nekuti iyi imhando yebasa uye nhanho yekugonesa iyo munhu wese paavhareji anonakidzwa.
Ini handikwanise kutsanangura zvizere parecon uye maitiro ayo akasiyana-siyana uye kuratidza kuti modhi yacho inoshanda sei uye yakakodzera muhurukuro yekupfupisa senge iyi. Asi chandinoda ndechekuti parecon haingori kirasi chete uye haingofambisi kubatana, kusiyana, uye kuenzana - asi kusvika pazvinogoneka uye pasina rusaruro runodzokororwa, iyo parecon inogovera kune mumwe nemumwe mushandi uye mutengi mwero wakakodzera wekuzvitonga wega pamusoro pehupfumi hwega hwega. chisarudzo.
Parecon haideredze kubereka asi inopa zvakaringana uye zvakaringana kukurudzira kushanda kusvika padanho iro vanhu vanoda kushandisa. Haina kurerekera kumaawa akareba asi inobvumira sarudzo yemahara yebasa maringe nekuzorora. Izvo hazvitevedze izvo zvine pundutso zvakanyanya zvisinei nekukanganisa kwevashandi, ecology, uye kunyangwe vatengi, asi inodzoreredza zvinobuda kune izvo zvinonyatso batsira tichitarisa kuzere magariro uye kwezvakatipoteredza mutengo nemabhenefiti.
Parecon haitambise matarenda evanhu vari kuita kuvhiyiwa, kugadzira mimhanzi, kana kuita mabasa ane hunyanzvi kuburikidza nekuda kuti vabvisewo basa rinopa simba shoma, asi nezvinodiwa izvi zvinopa dura guru rematarenda asina kumboshandiswa muruzhinji rwevanhu. tichigovera kupa simba nerote kushanda kwete nenzira kwayo chete, asi maererano nekuzvitonga uye kusaita kirasi.
Parecon haifungidzire kushamwaridzana nevanhu vashoma vevamwari. Asi zvinogadzira hurongwa hwekuti vafambire mberi mukuita kwavo kwehupfumi kunyangwe vanhu vanokura vachizvitsvagira uye vasingadi magariro vanofanirwa kuve nehanya nemagariro akanaka uye kugara kwevamwe.
Mucapitalism vatengi vanotsvaga vatengesi vemvere uye neimwe nzira. Capitalism inodzidzisa vanhu kuti vasave nesocial. Kuti vaende mberi vanofanira kudzidza chidzidzo zvakanaka. Mune parecon, mukupesana, kubatana pakati pevagari kunogadzirwa nehupenyu hwehupfumi senge mota, dzimba, zvipfeko, uye zviridzwa zviridzwa. Nekuda kwekufunga kwemubairo uye kuronga, kuwana kwangu kwakavakirwa pamusoro uye kunobva pakuwana kwako uye hupfumi hwemagariro, pane kupikisa chimwe nechimwe.
Chekupedzisira, mutsauko wei unotsigira parecon pamaitiro azvino? Margaret Thatcher paakati 'Hapana imwe nzira,' akanyatsoona chipingamupinyi chikuru kune mhomho yevanhu vari kutsvaga nyika iri nani. Kana munhu achitenda nemoyo wese kuti hakuna ramangwana riri nani, saka anozonzwisisa kufona kurwisa urombo, kuparadzaniswa, uye kunyange hondo nekupindura, enda kunotora hupenyu, ukure, kutarisana nechokwadi.
Iwe unogona kuti kwandiri, haugone kurwa hondo nehurombo, iyo ibasa rebenzi. Zvakafanana nokuvhuvhuta nemhepo. Zvakafanana nekurwisa simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi. Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichocho, parecon chiono chine chinangwa chekutsiva cynicism netariro uye chikonzero. Inotsvaga kujekesa kuti capitalism haina kufanana negiravhiti - tinogona kuitsiva.
Chirevo cheMubairo weMutungamiriri weRepublic yeItaly wandakapihwa nenyasha nezuro, chakataura kuti parecon ndiyo 'dambudziko rakasimba uye rakanyatso kutsanangurwa kumhando dzazvino dzepfungwa dzemagariro nehupfumi' inopa 'nzira nyowani huru musangano rehupfumi. sechisarudzo chinobvira.'
Chero ani anotenda kuti nezve parecon, zvinoratidzika kwandiri, anofanirwa kurwa senge dickens kwete kungogadzirisa zvakaipa zvazvino zvinogadzirwa necapitalism, asi kuunza mabhenefiti emhando itsva iyi hupfumi.
Kana isu tese tichienda kumabhaisikopo uye tichiona mweya yakashinga yenguva yakapfuura inomiririrwa pachiratidziro, ichirwa neuranda, kana kurwisa kuzviisa pasi kwevakadzi, kana kurwisa colonialism, kana yerunyararo nekururamisira uye nekurwisa udzvanyiriri, tinonzwa nenzira kwayo tsitsi nekuyemura izvi. mabasa. Vanoparadza, vashori, varongi vemubatanidzwa wevashandi, vanorwisa rusaruraganda, vese vanotsvaga rusununguko nerukudzo magamba kwatiri.
Zvinoita kwandiri kuti hatifanire kuyemura chimwe chinhu tobva tadzivisa kuita chinhu chimwe chete ichocho. Kana tichiyemura kumira tichirwisana nokusaruramisira, isu pachedu tinofanira kurwisana nokusaruramisira. Kana tichiyemura kutsvaka nyika iri nani, isu pachedu tinofanira kutsvaka nyika iri nani. Kana isu tichiyemura kuramba kushandiswa, kutorwa, kutonga, uye kugadzirisa kwayo zvechisimba, isu pachedu tinofanira kutsigira nekurwira muenzaniso wehupfumi uye chimiro chemagariro chinobvisa izvi zvinotyisa.
Ndinotenda kuti hupfumi hwekubatanidzwa ihupfumi hwakadaro uye hunofanira kuva chikamu chehutsva hwakadaro
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta