Mafambiro akakurumbira eBolivia ari kuyedza kushandisa demokrasi uye hurumende iri pamutemo kusimudzira hurongwa hwehuchangamire, kuenzana kukuru, nebudiriro. Vanopikisa, vachitungamirwa nemagavhuna akati wandei ematunhu akapfuma mune imwe nyika inonzi "media luna", vari kuyedza kushandisa mhirizhonga nekuparadza kumisa hurongwa uhu nekumutsa hondo yevagari vemo uye mhirizhonga. Dambudziko kuhurumende yeBolivia nemutungamiri wayo Evo Morales nderekumisa mhirizhonga pasina kutendera kuti kudenha kubudirire. Mukusangana nedambudziko iri, Morales ane rutsigiro rwehurumende zhinji dzeLatin America. Vanomupikisa vanotsigirwa nehurumende yeUnited States.
Mativi ese ari maviri ari kushandisa mhando dzakaedzwa. Nzira yeBolivia ine zvakafanana neyeVenezuela. Mushure mekukakavadzana kwenguva refu pamusoro pekuti nzira yesarudzo yekuchinja yaive yakarurama here, gwara resarudzo rakarongwa nemamwe masangano aitsigira, vamwe vachikahadzika. Sezvo yakunda musarudzo, hurumende itsva yakatarisana nematambudziko nekuti midziyo yakawanda yehurumende, kusanganisira hurumende dzematunhu, yakaramba iri mumaoko evakuru vekare uye chimiro, ukuwo hupfumi hwakaramba huchidzorwa nevekunze nevakuru venzvimbo. Kuedza kuumba hurumende patsva tichiita kuti nyika irambe ichishanda, tichibata nekukanganiswa kwedzimwe nyika, toshandisa mitemo nehurongwa hwebumbiro remitemo kuedza kuvandudzwa kwakadzama, idambudziko guru. Asi kuedza kwehurumende kugadzirisa zvinhu kwakasimbiswa uye kwakakurudzirwa nerutsigiro rwakakurumbira uye, zvinotonyanya kukosha, sangano rine mukurumbira. Zvichakadaro chokwadi chekuti pfungwa dzeWashington dzakanangana kuMiddle East dzakapa imwe nzvimbo yekufema.
Kupikisa kuri kushandisawo mhando dzakaedzwa. MuVenezuela muna 2002 uye muHaiti muna 2004, masangano evakuru anotsigirwa neUS akagadzira nzira dzekuita mhirizhonga vachipikisa hurumende yakasarudzwa. Nhepfenyuro dzekuMadokero dzaizotsigira vepamusoro uye dzichiratidza mufananidzo wakashata wehurumende yakasarudzwa uye mutungamiri wayo se "murume ane simba" kana "mudzvanyiriri". Mishumo yenhau iyi inogona kududzirwa uye kutepfenyurwazve munharaunda kuti iratidze hurumende ine mukurumbira sekunge yakaparadzaniswa nedzimwe nyika. Embassy yeUS nevamwe vashandi vanokwanisa kuitawo mushandirapamwe wenhau uye kusangano revanopikisa rezvemari, rezvematongerwo enyika uye remauto. Mumatanho ekupedzisira, mauto kana mauto ehondo aizodiwa. Vaizogadzira zviitiko zvemhirizhonga zvinokatyamadza: pamwe nekurwisa varatidziri vasina pfuti vanopikisa kufa kwavo kungangopomerwa hurumende; neimwe nzira, vaigona kurwisa vatsigiri vehurumende vanosangana nevanopikisa mukuratidzira.
Izvo zvekupedzisira zvinogona kutungamirira kuhondo nevatsigiri vehurumende mukuzvidzivirira kana kutsiva, kana kudzvinyirirwa nemauto achiri kuvimbika kuhurumende. Chero zvazvingaitika, mamwe zvikonzero zvinopihwa hurumende yehudzvanyiriri nemhirizhonga, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kufona kubva kuUS kuti hurumende ibude mumusangano wevatori venhau unofungidzira kumuzinda weUS.
Panguva ino muBolivia, mushandirapamwe wenhau dzepasi rose uchipokana nehurumende uzere nesimba, US yakabatsira kuronga vanopikisa, uye kubva munaGunyana 10 kuuraya kwaidiwa kwakagadzirwa, nevanopikisa pachezvavo, vawirwa nevatsigiri vehurumende. Kana hurumende dzematunhu dzakatsigira hurumende yeBolivia uye mauto akaramba akavimbika, sezvavanogona kudaro, hurumende yeBolivia ichapona padambudziko iri. Asi hupenyu hwakarasika zvisina musoro mukuedza uku kumisa vanhu vekuBolivia kutora kodzero dzavo.
Kunyangwe nzira yedambudziko riripo yave yakareba kudarika mavhiki mashoma (kune imwe nhoroondo ona yedu yapfuura "Bolivia paBrink", ZNet Kurume/08: http://www.zmag.org/znet/viewArticle/16788), honzeri yemhirizhonga iripo inyaya yakaitwa musi wa28 Nyamavhuvhu 2008 naEvo Morales nezvezuva rereferendamu yebumbiro idzva. Ichaitwa musi waZvita 7, 2008, uye zvichareva kuvambwazve kwenyika: kuvandudzwa kwevhu, kugadzirwa kwezviwanikwa, uye shanduko yemasangano izvo zvichaita kuti zviome zvakanyanya kune vepamusoro kuvharira matanho akakurumbira.
Chinangwa chikuru chevakuru ndechekudzivirira referendamu yebumbiro nekumanikidza hurumende kuti imire kureferendamu yebumbiro. Izvi zvaizodhura Evo rutsigiro rwake rwakakurumbira uye kuparadza chero kugona kana simba rekuchinja kwakakurumbira. Hurumende yeMorales inonyanya kufarirwa, uye vepamusoro vanozviziva. Zano ravo rave, pane kutaura kuti vanomiririra nyika yese, kuti vari kutsvaga kuzvitonga kumatunhu avo, ayo anodzorwa kuburikidza nematanho ekare ekutsigira (uye, munguva pfupi yapfuura, mhirizhonga zvakare). Muna Chivabvu 2008 vakabata matarenda avo ega ega ega, akarongwa nehurumende shanu dzematunhu dziri pasi pavo, pasina hutongi hwepasi rose uye pasina hwaro hwemutemo. Hurumende yaMorales yakaramba izvi sezvisiri pamutemo uye pakaitwa referendamu musi waNyamavhuvhu 16, 2008 (panguva ino nevacherechedzi vepasirese uye nemutemo), Morales akakunda ne67% yevhoti.
Masvondo maviri gare gare musi wa28 Nyamavhuvhu, Morales akapa chisungo chemutungamiri wenyika chakatara zuva raZvita 7 referendamu yebumbiro. Musi waGunyana 2, dare resarudzo rakazivisa kupikisa kwaro referendamu nezvikonzero zvehunyanzvi (dare rakati referendamu haina kuziviswa nechisungo asi yaifanira kupasiswa neCongress, kusanganisira neSeneti inotongwa nevanopikisa). Magavhuna anopikisa ematunhu mashanu aya akati referendamu imiswe. Varatidziri vanopikisa vakatanga kuvhara migwagwa. Vakatora nhandare yendege muCobija musi wa5 Gunyana ndokuvhara mugwagwa mukuru uri pakati peSanta Cruz (nzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda) neguta guru, La Paz, ichiteverwa nemigwagwa inobatanidza Bolivia neBrazil. Vakaedza kutora mahofisi ehurumende uye vakanetsana nemauto eBolivia - akange arairwa, uye akateedzera mirairo, kuti asapindura kudenhwa.
Musvondo rekutanga, kuratidzira kwevanopikisa uku kwakakundikana. Havana kuunza kutsiva kwaidiwa kana kutarisira rutsigiro rwakakurumbira kuhurumende, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vakanganisa upfumi. Vatungamiri vemapato anopikisa, vakaita sagavhuna akapfuma Ruben Costas akasangana nemumiriri weAmerica VaPhilip Goldberg, vanofanira kunge vari kunetsekana nekusabudirira kwavo. Saka musvondo rechipiri rekuratidzira, vanopikisa vakawedzera uye vakafamba munzira yekuparadza nekuuraya. Kuvharika kwemigwagwa kwakakonzera kushomeka kwesimba munzvimbo dzinodzorwa nevanopikisa, asi kutorwa kwegwenya regasi muVillamontes munaGunyana 8 uye kurwiswa kwepombi inoenda kuBrazil musi waGunyana 10 zvakaita kuti matambudziko atonyanya. Musi waSeptember 11, "kurwisana" muCobija, Pando, kwakauraya vanhu vanenge 11. Hurumende yakatanga kushandisa utsi hunokachidza nemapellets kune vairatidzira. Morales akadaidzira kuti arambe achizvidzora, asi akayambira kuti "kushivirira kune miganhu".
Musi waSeptember 12, kurwisa kwemauto pakuratidzira kwaitsigira hurumende, kunze kweCobija, kwakauraya vanhu 30, mune zvakanzi nevakuru vakuru vehurumende yeBolivia kuponda. Mumwe wevakapona, Antonio Moreno, akaudza Associated Press kuti varatidziri vasina pfuti. Varume vaiva nezvombo vakavapfura vachibva mumarori aiva nepfuti. Nhoroondo yaMoreno: "Vakatituka, vakatipfura, vaive nepfuti, vamwe vaine tsvimbo. Takadzokera kumashure mamita 800 asi mumwe akati taifanira kutarisana navo. Pakarwiwa, tikatorera vamwe vavo zvombo asi takatadza kuzvibata. zvombo zvavo kure." Hurumende yakapomera gavhuna wePando, mutungamiri webato rinopikisa, Leopoldo Fernandez, nemhirizhonga iyi uye vakati mhondi dzemauto dzakabhadharwa nevanopikisa dzakadhonza. Vanopikisa vakapindura vachiti varimi vatanga varwisa.
Vakaurayiwa nemhondi idzi vaive masangano akakurumbira uye echivanhu, vatsigiri vehurumende, munzvimbo dzaidzorwa nevanopikisa. Aya masangano akabatsira kuburitsa vhoti yakakurumbira yeEvo mureferendamu yekurangarira uye akatariswa kutsiva nevakuru. Pakati pekurwiswa kwakaitika mudunhu rePando isangano rekuvandudza ivhu, maNGOs anorwira kodzero dzevanhu anotsigira varimi, uye mubatanidzwa wemuno. Pakati pevanyajambwa vokupondwa kwaPando paiva naBernadino Racua, mutungamiriri anosanozivikanwa womunzvimbomo.
Musi waGunyana 13 na14 hurumende yeEvo yakazivisa mamiriro enjodzi muPando. Yakashandisa mauto kudzosa nhandare yendege nemahofisi ehurumende akanga atorwa nevanopikisa. Mirairo yekusungwa kwaFernandez nevamwe yakapihwa. Kushivirira kwakange kwasvika pamagumo, zvese nemhirizhonga yevanopikisa uye nekupindira kweUS: mumiriri weUS akanzi persona non grata uye akaudzwa kuti aende, achinyima Embassy mukana wekuita musangano wevatori venhau wakajairika vachida nhaurirano, mvumo, kana kusiya basa. Chavez akazotevera nekudzinga mumiriri weUS kuVenezuela, achiti imwe hurongwa hwekumupandukira hwakafumurwa, uye Honduras yakaramba kuburitsa mumiriri weUS ari kuuya.
IUS yakapindura nemutsa, ichidzinga vamiriri veVenezuela neBolivia, vachityisidzira "zvakakomba", uye vachizivisa zvirango kune vashumiri veVenezuelan pane zvakajairwa hondo yezvinodhaka zvikonzero (kubvisa mhosva idzi dzehondo yezvinodhaka kunoda chimwe chinyorwa uye hazvigone kuitwa pano). Mhedzisiro yehupfumi neyezvematongerwo enyika inomhanya kumativi ese kana hukama hwehupfumi pakati peUS neLatin America hwakuvadzwa. Evo akanga achangobva kushanyira Middle East, kusanganisira Iran, zvinopesana nekuedza kweUS kuparadzanisa nyika iyoyo, uye Venezuela ichangobva kuzivisa maekisesaizi emauto neRussia muna Mbudzi. Ecuador's Rafael Correa akazivisa kushushikana kwevanoparadzanisa mafambiro muBolivia mold kutora danho mudunhu reEcuador's Guayaquil.
MuBolivia Evo akaita chiito kuyedza kuramba vanopikisa kukunda kwehungwaru uye kudzivirira kupokana kubva mukukanganisa chirongwa chakakurumbira. Musi wa9 Gunyana, pakati pedambudziko, akadzinga mamwe makurukota aakamanikidzwa kubvuma kubva mukuwirirana nevepamusoro uye akavatsiva nevanhu vaive vakagadzirira kufambisa hurongwa hwehupfumi hwakakurumbira. Vakaparura nhaurirano nevanopikisa asi vakasimbirira kuti referendamu ichaenderera mberi musi wa 7 Zvita. Bato rinopikisa rakati richabvisa maroadblocks musi wa 14 Gunyana. Hurumende yakabvuma danho iri asi yakati ranga risingakwanisi zvachose kugadzirisa zvinhu. Mushure mekuronga kufa kwevanhu vakawanda, vanopikisa havafanirwe kubvumidzwa kungoraira kudzoka kwehunyanzvi kwenguva pfupi. Vane kodzero yekuwana nzira dzakakodzera mukupomerwa mhosva. Ivo, mushure mekuronga kuponda nekuponda, havana kodzero yekukumbira mvumo kubva kuhurumende iri pamutemo.
Vatungamiriri vekuLatin America, vanosanganisira veVenezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, Argentina, Chile nedzimwe, vari kusangana musi wa 15 Gunyana kutsvaga kugadzirisa gakava riri muBolivia. Vanenge vese, kusanganisira kunyange mubatanidzwa weUS Colombia, vazivisa kutsigira hurumende yaMorales nebasa rayo rakakurumbira, uye kuti vacharamba kubvuma kupatsanurwa.
Mafambiro akaunza Evo musimba haazoendi chinyararire, sekuziva kunofanirwa kuziva vanopikisa. Pasina simba rekutora hurumende, vanopikisa vanoshaya rutsigiro rwakawanda rwekudyara "kusatonga" mumatunhu avo kwenguva refu. Chishuvo chavo chikuru ndechokushandisa zvinobudisa nhau kukudza zviito zvavo zvakaganhurirwa zvikuru kupfuura zvavari, kuunza dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yokunze kumanikidzira Evo kuita bvumirano uye kukunda sangano rakakurumbira kwavari. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kubudirira kwemaitiro akakurumbira eBolivia kunoenderana muchikamu chekuti nyaya dzenhema nezvehurumende, mavhiki mashoma apfuura, uye mazuva anouya, anotendwa.
Justin Podur munyori weToronto-based. Blog rake iri www.killingtrain.com.
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