In New York City, 1957, Kupemberera kukuru kwaFasanella kweguta rekumusha kwake, akatsvaga kuratidza kufara, zvivakwa, uye vanhu veBig Apple. Zvinogara zvichinakidza kana muimbi asingakosheswi akazvidzidzisa ane tarenda uye mameseji akakosha ekutaura abuda pachena. Izvi ndizvo zvinonyanya kuitika nebasa raRalph Fasanella (1914โ1997), uyo akarondedzera kutambura kwevanhu veAmerica vanoshanda, pamwe chete nemafungiro ake ekuda nyika munharaunda sezvakaratidzwa munyaya dzakaoma dzepashure peHondo Yenyika II America.
Sezvineiwo, "Ralph Fasanella: Tisazokanganwa," - akarongwa mukuremekedza kusvitsa zana remuimbi naLeslie Umberger, muchengeti wevanhu uye akazvidzidzisa hunyanzvi paSmithsonian American Art Museum - iri kutariswa kuAmerican Folk Art Museum (AFAM) kuburikidza. Mbudzi 30. Inosanganisira 17 yeFasanella inonyanya kukosha, mifananidzo mikuru, pamwe chete nesarudzo yemifananidzo yakakodzera, mifananidzo, mapikicha uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakachengetwa. Zvichinyatsozivikanwa kunhengo dzesangano revashandi, uku kuchave kwekutanga kuratidzwa kwevanhu vazhinji kune iyi nyanzvi yemifananidzo, mumwe wevatambi vakuru vekuAmerica vakazvidzidzisa vega vezana ramakore rechi20. Ralph Fasanella aive nyanzvi yeNew Yorker uye akazvidzidzisa ega aimiririra zvakanakisa zveAmerica, "anodaro Dr Anne-Imelda Radice, director director weAFAM. "Aive nehanya nevanhu vaive vasina izwi, saka akavapa izwi kuburikidza nemifananidzo yake."
Mwanakomana wevabvakure vekuItaly, Fasanella akaberekerwa muBronx uye akakurira munzvimbo dzinoshanda dzeManhattan's Lower East Side, kunyanya paSullivan Street. Mwana ane hutsinye ainzvenga chikoro pazvaibvira, akatorwa nekuda kwekuramba asingarovi ndokuendeswa kuchikoro chekuchinja zvinhu muBronx chaiitwa nehutsinye hwakaita sejeri neCatholic Diocese yeNew York. Mukati menguva yake ikoko, Fasanella โakatsamwira chirango chakasimba ndokuvamba kusavimba kusingagumi nokuda kworudzidziso rwakarongwa, pamwe chete nokuvenga chiremera kwoupenyu hwose,โ anodaro Umberger. Makore gare gare, akapenda zvinokatyamadza zvemutambo webaseball uye mutsara wakamisikidzwa wevasungwa mukati memadziro eNew York Catholic Protectory.
Paakabuda mumakore ake okupedzisira okuyaruka, aiva nenzwisiso yakasimba yechakanaka nechakaipa, yakawanda yacho yakarovererwa naamai vake, mufungi anofambira mberi uye murwiri wenzanga. Akarera mwanakomana wake kuti atende mukodzero dzevanhuwo zvavo uye maonero ekuti vanhu vekuAmerica vanofanira kugara vachivavarira nzanga iri nani.
Kuremekedza kwemwoyo wose kwaFasanella kuna amai vake, โKudya Kwemanheru,โ kunonyatsokwevera kuna Leonardo da Vinci. Kudya Kwemanheru Kwokupedzisira. Zvinoratidza mhuri yake yakaungana patafura inotungamirirwa nomukuru mukuru, vaneta nebasa rezuva rimwe chete pafekitari yembatya uye vakaremerwa nokuchengetera vana vake imba.
Kutanga pazera remakore masere, Fasanella akabatsira baba vake nebasa rakaoma rekuendesa chando mumazuva efiriji. Ichi chinoitika, chakamuratidzira kumutsara webasa wakashata, wokurayira, zvakapesvedzera zvikuru zvitendero zvaFasanellaโuye unyanzvi hwake. In Iceman Akarovererwa #4, akabatanidza baba vake naKristu pamuchinjikwa, achikarakadza nhamo nezvibairo zveboka rebasa. Mufananidzo uyu unoendesa kumba meseji yake nekuisa mutsara wekuti "Tirege Kukanganwa." Fasanella akarangarira Kuora Mwoyo sengwavaira โinoparirwa namakaro uye inopfuuridzirwa nokusakendenga kwehurumende navapfumi kuboka ravashandi,โ anodaro Umberger. "Kufanana nemamiriyoni evaAmerica, aigamuchira kurudziro yevaratidziri vaitsvaga kurwisa, pane kutsungirira, chokwadi chehupfumi chemazuva iwayo." Fasanella akanyanya kukwezvwa nenharo dzevarongi vemapato echikominisiti akamiririra boka revashandi, uye mukuvamba kwema1930 akakumbanira Young Communist League.
Akaratidza zvinangwa zvake pazera remakore makumi maviri nematatu paakabatana naAbraham Lincoln Brigade uye akarwa nefascism muSpanish Civil War. Kudzokera kuNew York, akashanda semurongi wemubatanidzwa, mutyairi werori uye, pakupedzisira, semushandi-akazove muridzi-wechiteshi chepeturu muBronx.
Achitsvaga kurapwa kwekunzwa kunorwadza mumaoko ake mukutanga kwema1940, Fasanella akatanga kudhirowa, izvo zvaakawana zvakauya zvega uye zvakamubata. Kubvira pakutanga, sezvaaidzidza dzidziso dzokupenda, airangarira unyanzvi sewedzero yechiito chakeโnzira iyo โpendi yaigona kutaura nayo.โ Mifananidzo yaFasanella, anocherechedza kudaro mutarisiri Umberger, โyakanga isina kuitirwa kuva mabasa ounyanzvi anonyatsozivikanwa, asi nzira inoshanda yokutaura nayo mashoko pamusoro pechakanaka nechakaipa, kumutsa pfungwa nokukurudzira kubatana pakati pevezera rake vanoshanda.โ Akanyatso kuzvidzidzisa, Fasanella akawana kurudziro munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana sechivezwa cheGreek, basa remuoni weBritish William Blake (1757โ1827) nevatori vemifananidzo vakaita saWalker Evans, Lewis Hine naHelen Leavitt, vakapa tsinhiro ine simba pamusoro penhau dzemagariro mumagariro avo. Pakazosvika makore ekuma1940, mifananidzo yake mikuru yehupenyu hwemumugwagwa weNew York City, misangano yezvematongerwo enyika, mafekitari, horo dzemubatanidzwa, zvivakwa zvematende, vana vari kutamba mumugwagwa, vatasvi venzira yepasi pevhu uye kuramwa kwenhoroondo kwakaratidzwa pamwe chete nezvakakosha zvakadaro. Realist painters saPhilip Evergood naBen Shahn. Muna 1950, akaroora Eva Lazorek, mudzidzisi, akazova mutsigiri anokosha webasa rake reunyanzvi.
Mukushanya kwemauto, Fasanella akagadzira yakakura, yakadzama yedhorobha panorama, New York City, kuyera 50 ne110 inches. Mufananidzo unotakura maziso evaoni kuyambuka 59th Street Bridge kuenda kuManhattan, uyezve Queens neLong Island. Kumberi, nostalgic vignettes vanorangarira nzvimbo dzaigara mugadziri. Chiremera cheFasanella Paul D'Ambrosio anochidaidza kuti "mumwe wemifananidzo inotaridzika zvikuru yeNew York City munhoroondo yehunyanzvi hwekuAmerica."
Mumakore ekuma1950 nema1960, Fasanella akagadzira mifananidzo yekuratidzira ine chekuita nekukakavadzana kukuru kwazvino, kunyanya kuvhima huroyi kwaSeneta weUnited States Joseph McCarthy kwemakomunisti muhurumende uye kutongerwa nekuurayiwa muna 1953 kwevanonzi vasori veatomu Julius naEthel Rosenberg. โVavariro yake,โ anotsinhira kudaro Umberger, โyakanga isiri yokuita vafiri kutendeka muRosenbergs, asi panzvimbo pezvo kujekesa kusaruramisira kworufu rwavo.โ
Fasanella's alarm pamusoro pepepanhau frenzy nezveMcCarthy neRosenbergs inoratidzwa mukati McCarthy Press, umo akaisa mukati memuhofori A yemisoro yenyaya yeโatomu bhombaโ yairatidza kugadziridzwa kwebepanhau rekare neโMatsvukuโ nevamwe vanonzi vapanduki. Pazasi, maziso maviri anotarisa kunze kubva kumadziro panzvimbo yekuvakira, chiyeuchidzo chekuongororwa kwakapararira kwenguva yeMcCarthy. Rutivi rwekurudyi rwakapirwa kune zviratidzo zvehurumende yeUS uye mazano ezvakanaka zvedemokrasi nerusununguko.
Aine chokwadi chakasimba chekusava nemhosva kweRosenbergs, chikonzero chemukurumbira wekuruboshwe, Fasanella akagadzira mamwe akawanda ane simba, akazara nemifananidzo. The Rosenbergs-Grey Day inoratidzira vaviri vane mhosva vakabatana maoko uye vakagara parudzi rwechigaro cheumambo pasi pe "A" yakakura uye zvimiro zvidiki pazasi pependi, vakagara pamacheya emagetsi kumativi akatarisana emutsara werufu anogara nevamwe vakamirira kuurayiwa. Achidudzira mufananidzo wacho, munyori wemifananidzo akati, โNdakaisa chimiro chemagetsi, ndichibuda mudare, tichikwazisana. Kuruboshwe kune vashandi mufekitari, vachishanda kuti nyika irambe ichifamba.โ
Kuurayiwa kweMutungamiri John F. Kennedy muna 1963 kwakavhundutsa Fasanella uye kwakatungamirira kune basa guru, "American Tragedy," iyo yakaratidza kuti JFK ndiye akabatwa nekodzero yekurudyi.
โPakati pemakore ekuma1960, achipindura zvaidiwa nemhuri yake yaikura, Fasanella akatamira kuArdsley, sabhabhu yeNew York, achimubvisa kubva mukuratidzwa kwenguva yakazara kunzvimbo dzemudhorobha dzemifananidzo yake. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ainetsekana pamusoro pomukaha uri kukura pakati peboka revechiduku rokupikisa tsika panguva iyoyo, raakaona richizvitutumadza uye richiita utsinye, uye vaya vakafanana naye vakanga vagoverana nhamo dzokuora mwoyo neHondo Yenyika II. Fasanella akagumbuka kuti vazhinji vari munyika yehunyanzvi hwekudhirowa vaive vamutora se "mudiki uye benzi." Aiva nechokwadi chokuti unyanzvi hwokudhirowa hahufaniri kuva husina hanya kana kuti fungidziro, kuti chaiva chishandiso chinofanira kushandiswa sesando.
Kubudirira kukuru kwaFasanella kwakauya muna 1972, apo New York yakamuisa pakavha yayo akakomberedzwa nemifananidzo mikuru yakawanda, ine mashoko okuti โMurume uyu anopomba gasi muBronx kuti awane chouviri. Anogona kunge ari mupendi wechinyakare kubva kuna Mbuya Moses.โ Pashure pemakore 25 achiratidza basa rake muhoro dzemubatanidzwa, machechi, uye dzimwe nzvimbo duku, munyori wemifananidzo akatanga kuva neshoo munzvimbo huru. Izvi โzvakaguma nenguva yebudiriro inoshamisa; kuchinja kubva pakusazivikanwa kuenda kumukurumbira kwakabva kwangoitika,โ anodaro Umberger.
Panenge panguva ino, Fasanella akakwanisa kutengesa chiteshi chake chebasa ndokuzvipa amene nguva yakazara mukupenda nguva yakazara. Achitsvaga kuratidza chiitiko chakakosha munhoroondo yemubatanidzwa wevashandi, akapedza makore matatu ari muLawrence, Massachusetts, achitsvaga, achidhirowa, uye achibvunzurudza vakapona pachiitiko cheEpic Bread and Roses kurohwa muna 1912. Mukurwisana kwemwedzi miviri ikoko, 2 vashandi vakabva kune dzimwe nyika vakapikisa machira emucheka. varidzi pamusoro pemuhoro wakakwana uye kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekushanda. Mukupedzisira, kunyangwe nekunetsana kweropa nevamiriri vePinkerton, mubatanidzwa wakakunda zuva. Yakanga iri yekutanga kubudirira kwemaindasitiri kuramwa munhoroondo yeAmerica.
Madingindira ekupikisa kwakarongeka uye kufira kutenda anopinda mumakombi makuru gumi nemasere Fasanella akapedzwa pachinhu ichi. Mifananidzo iyi yakaita kuti Fasanella acherechedzwe zvachose. โNechokumugumo,โ anodaro mwanakomana wenyanzvi Marc, mutsigiri ane unyanzvi webasa rababa vake, โakararama zvakanaka. Pakutanga, Fasanella akaziva kuti mifananidzo yemifananidzo yaigona kunge ine simba senzira yekuburitsa zvinangwa uye kukurudzira kubatana kwevashandi semabhuku, mapikicha, hurukuro nenziyo. Akazvitsaurira kwehupenyu hwake hwese kugadzira maonero erondedzero achikurudzira kururamisira kwevanhu vanoshanda uye akazotsvaga kuaisa muhoro dzemubatanidzwa uye makamuri ekusangana kuti ashande sekurudzira kubatana nekuratidzira.
Akashanda nemurongi wezvevashandi Ron Carver kuti awedzere kufumurwa kweruzhinji kwebasa rake kuburikidza nePublic Domain chirongwa, kuyedza kudzika midzi kwakatanga muna 1986 kuwana mabasa eFasanella kubva mumiunganidzwa yakazvimirira voapa kumamuseum, mibatanidzwa, masangano, uye zvivakwa zveveruzhinji. Kukwidza mari inodarika miriyoni imwe yemadhora nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, Carver โ mumiriri ane shungu โ akagovera anopfuura makumi maviri eFasanellas kumasangano akakodzera, anosanganisira Ellis Island Immigration Museum, New York subway station uye University of Southern Maine. โHandina kupenda mapendi angu kuti nditurike muimba yokutandarira yemumwe murume akapfuma,โ akadaro munyori wemifananidzo. Nechokumugumo, utano hwaFasanella huri kuderera hwakaita kuti kuve kwakaoma kupenda. Akadzokera kuzvidzidzo zvakajairika senharaunda yeguta, sandlot, ligi hombe baseball, uye kuramwa mabasa. Akashaya muna 1, aine makore makumi matanhatu nematatu. Nhaka yake yakasiyana uye isingagumi ibasa rebasa rinokudza boka rekushanda uye rinokurudzira kushandiswa kwemagariro evanhu kuvaka nzanga iri nani. Fasanella akazviisa zvakanyanya muepitaph paguva rake:
โKuti tikanganwe
Rangarira Zvauri
Rangarira Kwawakabva
Usakanganwa Zvakapfuura
Shandura Nyika
Artist of the Peopleโ
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Stephen May mufananidzi uye munyori akazvimirira. Ichi chinyorwa chakatanga kubuda mukati Antiques uye Arts Weekly.