Sezvo deregulation inotsvaira pamusika
nzvimbo yemagetsi emagetsi, zvinoshandiswa neveruzhinji zviri kukurumidza kuchinja nzira yadzinoita
ita bhizinesi. Hapana nzvimbo yekuchinja ichave nemhedzisiro pahutano hweveruzhinji, chengetedzo,
uye mhoteredzo inopfuura iya ine chokuita nesimba renyukireya rezvokutengeserana. The
kudzikiswa kweindasitiri yemagetsi enyukireya kune mukana wekugadzira zviuru
yekufa kutsva kubva kugomarara gore rega rega, asi zviri kukurumidza kuitika pamwe chete
hapana ruzivo rweruzhinji, kubatanidzwa, kupinza, kana nhaurirano.

Nekuda kwekusadzorwa, zvinoshandiswa neveruzhinji zvino zvinofanirwa kukwikwidzana
kuti vave vapi vemagetsi vanodhura. Chimwe chigumisiro ndechekuderedza mari
kushanda nekudzorwa kwezvicherwa zvemagetsi enyukireya. Zvekushandisa zvatova nazvo
vashandi vashoma uye vakarebesa nguva dzekumwe kuongorora nekugadzirisa
zviitiko zvemagetsi emagetsi ekutengesa. Vashandisi vemiti yenyukireya vari kukurudzirawo
yekuwedzera rezinesi kune vazhinji vachembera nukes kuti vawedzere purofiti yavo.
Izvi zvinoita kuti vamwe vavakidzani vepedyo vegeriatric nukes vazare nekuvuza, kutsemuka
welds, isingashande emergency core cooling system, uye zvimwe zvinhu hazvina kugadzikana
zvirokwazvo. Zvizhinji zvezvinomera izvi zvave kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu hwazvo hwakagadzirirwa
uye vimbiso dzeindasitiri dzekuti dzakanzwika sei dzinoita sedzisina kunyaradzwa
vanhu vanogara pasi nemhepo inobva kwavari.

Deregulation iri kukanganisawo nzira iyo NRC inoronga indasitiri yenyukireya.
Kutarisana nekumanikidza kuri kuwedzera kubva kuindasitiri kudzikisa mitengo, iyo NRC yepamusoro
manejimendi afunga kushandura nzira yaanotarisira nayo nukes yenyika.
Chinangwa cheNRC chakataurwa pachena pakuita shanduko idzi ndechekuchengetedza
chengetedzo uye kuwedzera chivimbo cheveruzhinji kunyangwe ichivandudza mashandiro,
kunyatsoita, uye huchokwadi hwekutonga kwayo uye kuita sarudzo maitiro uye
inoderedza mitoro yekudzora "isingakoshi". Izvi zviri kuitika against
kumashure kwevashandi kuderedzwa kusvika ku30 muzana kune mamwe mafekitori ekutengesa uye
gomo rinogara richikura remarara akaderera uye akakwirira eradioactive iyo
hapana chirongwa chekuchengetedza chenguva refu chisati chaitwa. Iyo NRC yakanyora zvakare
mitemo yayo yekugadzira chirongwa chekuregererwa kwenguva pfupi chakatanga muna 1996 uye
inofanirwa kupera muna Kurume 2001 kune zvidyarwa zvisiri kutevedzera zvino
NRC-inorayirwa kuchengetedza parameters. Chirongwa ichi, chinopomera James Riccio, gweta
yePublic Citizen's Critical Mass group "yakachekeresa zvakanyanya
iyo NRC kugona kutora danho rekumanikidza (kupa faindi uye kutyora)
vachipesana nenyukireya…” Zvisineyi vamwe varatidziri vanopomera izvozvo
kwave nekutyorwa kwakawanda "kusina kutaurwa" kwemaitiro akachengeteka ekushanda
nekufamba kwemakore iyo NRC yakazivisa "chirongwa chekuregererwa"
kwenguva yakareba kupfuura 1996. Iye zvino pachava nekutarisa kuduku kweNRC.

Iyo NRC inoti inogona kudzikisa hutongi hwayo hwekuchembera kwenyika nukes
nekuti iyo indasitiri ikozvino yanyanya "ane ruzivo" pakushanda
kuunganidzwa kwavo kwakaoma kwepombi dzepombi kupfuura zvazvaive apo iyo NRC ichitarisisa
purogiramu yakatanga kuiswa. Nekudaro, vatsoropodzi vanopomera aya marongero matsva achadaro
ita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuunganidza data pamusoro pekuita kwechirimwa uye zvakare ichazviita
zvakanyanya kuoma kune vanofarira mapato akadai sevanoisa mari kana vagari vanogara
pedyo nechirimwa kuti uwane iyo data.

Pakutanga iyo NRC yakayedza kuita kwechirimwa
seyakanakisa, yakanaka, yakanaka, zvichingodaro uye yakaiswa kunyanya kuita zvisina kunaka
zvirimwa pawadhi list. Ikozvino yarasa iyo watch list uye iri kuita
chimwe chinhu chinonzi performance matrix. Nepo iyo performance action matrix
chaizvoizvo ine ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pekuita muzvikamu zvakawanda uye
ine nguva uye ne theoretically chinangwa chakanyanya kupfuura chekare giredhi system,
vatsoropodzi vanopomera kuti ruzivo rwakanyanya kuoma kune asiri nyanzvi
yeruzhinji kuti vanzwisise uye vaongorore kupfuura hurongwa hwekuyera hwekare hwaive.
Zvinogona zvakare kunetsa kune vamwe veruzhinji kuwana kupfuura kare.

Kuchengetedza mari iyo NRC iri kudzikisa "pepa trail" uye kuwedzera
kuvimba kwayo neInternet uye webhusaiti yayo kuparadzira ruzivo kune
veruzhinji. Zvisinei, kuwana ruzivo irworwo hakusi nguva dzose kuwanikwa
vagari vekumaruwa uye kumaraibhurari eruzhinji ari mumataundi madiki uye mashoma
nzvimbo dzine vanhu vari pedyo nezvicherwa zvenyukireya nekuda kwesimba rayo rekushandisa komputa
yekuwana saiti uye yakasarudzika gwaro manejimendi system, ADAMS,
inoshandiswa kutsvaga data base. Anenge mumwe anti-nuclear activist uye kwenguva refu
mutsoropodzi weNRC's regulatory policy, Dr. Judith Johnsrud, anotenda
kuti sezvo NRC inoshandura dhatabhesi yayo kuita online digital format, zvingangoita
inobatsira nhoroondo data pamusoro pekushanda kwechirimwa inoenderana nekuwedzera rezinesi
zvikumbiro zvinongorasika, uye hazvichawaniki kune veruzhinji.

Mukutanga kwe2000 pamusangano wakaitwa neNRC kuti uongorore hutongi hwayo hutsva
chirongwa muOswego, New York, anti-nuclear activist Cindy Gagne akataura nezvazvo
kuomerwa kwake nekuwana mhinduro dzeruzhinji maererano netsva
Reactor yekutarisa maitiro. “Zvakatora mushandi weraibhurari maminitsi makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe
kuti uwane iyo data uye maawa maviri nehafu kuti uwane mhinduro dzeveruzhinji. Iye
akati protocol chaiyo yakanga isati yashandiswa. Ndakataura nevanhu vaiva nazvo
vakatumira makomendi uye haana kuiswa pawebhu.

Kuongorora kweNRC uye maitiro ekutarisa agara ari "sampling"
mabasa, sezvo kushanda kwezuva nezuva kwegwenya renyukireya kwakaoma
uye zvakaoma kuti hapana munhu mumwe chete angakwanisa kutarisira chikamu chese chayo.
Saka semunguva yakapfuura, iyo itsva NRC mutemo mutemo ichavimbawo nekuzvidira kwakawanda
kushuma kubva kune vanogadzira zvirimwa. Nekudaro, sezvo zvishandiso zvave kukwikwidza
vachipesana, vari kuwedzera kuzivisa mamwe emashoko aya
kuva “muridzi” uye vari kuramba kuisunungura, kutyira vakwikwidzi vavo
zvishandise.

Kuongorora uye kugovera ruzivo pamusoro pekuita kwechirimwa uye kuchengetedzwa kunogona
zvinotonyanya kuoma kana nyanzvi dzine hunyanzvi dzisipo
kuunganidza nekududzira, dambudziko riri kukura reindasitiri, rinopomera Cindy Gagne,
muvakidzani weOswego County's zvidyarwa zvenyukireya zvitatu. Anotaura nezvekushomeka
yevanokwanisa tekinoroji makondirakiti uye vanopa mazano avo munguva yakapfuura vanga vari
chikamu chakakosha chegadziriro yekupa ruzivo kuNRC pamagetsi emagetsi
kuchengeteka uye kuchengetedza. Vanoongorora vane ruzivo vane advanced engineering degree
vari kuwedzera kushomeka, uye sezvo makondirakiti mazhinji anobuda mubhizinesi
nekuda kwekuregererwa uye kuderedzwa kwemitengo, zvinogona kutora iyo NRC makore akati wandei
kuhaya nekudzidzisa vanotsiva.

Sezvo chinyorwa ichi chainyorwa mukati
Kukadzi 2000 iyo NRC yakazivisa kuderedzwa kwevashandi vayo vanoongorora vagari. Kubva
ikozvino panzvimbo dzine zvinopfuura imwe nuclear reactor imwe "back up"
Residence inspector haaizotumirwa. Iye zvino vaongorori vaviri chete ndivo vachaita
inodiwa panzvimbo mbiri dzeyuniti, uko kusati kwamiswa matatu. Pakupedzisira
anenge makumi matatu nezvinzvimbo, angangoita makumi maviri muzana e-on-saiti yekuongorora simba,
zvichabviswa. Union of Concerned Scientists yakashoropodza izvi
zvichemo zvichitaura nhamba kubva kuNRC redunhu maneja iyo inspectors
vanongopedza inenge 30 muzana yenguva yavo pabasa vachinyatsoongorora.

Sezvo zvinomera zvinochinja maoko panguva yekugadziriswa kweindasitiri, vanosangana nazvo
kuchinja mu "corporate tsika" uye kurasikirwa kwekuenderera mberi kwehutungamiri
izvo zvingangokanganisa kuchengeteka. Maitiro ekutungamirira ane simba guru
pamusoro pekuti chirimwa chinoshanda sei pamwe nemhinduro yaro kumushandi uye muridzo wemuridzo
zvinonetsa. Kupesana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, mumwe mumiriri weNew York, Tim Judson,
inotenda kuti NRC inofanirwa kuwedzera pane kudzikisa "zvinodzora
mutoro” weindasitiri yenyukireya. Anodaro kuna inspector kucheka uye
NRC, "Vari kutengesa zvidyarwa izvi kuti zviregererwe uye NRC
harisi kana kumirira kusvikira huruva yagadzikana isati yarongedzerwa yoenda
kumba. ”

Sezvo dzvinyiriro dzinokura kurasa huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa,
iyo NRC iri kufambawo kuti ibvise marara akaderera eradioactive. Izvi zvichaita
bvumira indasitiri kuti idzokorore zvimedu zvakasvibiswa kubva kumagetsi emagetsi nehurumende
zvivako zvinobviswa. Kubata nesimbi yakasvibiswa uye kongiri
semarara eradioactive iyo inofanira kuparadzaniswa kubva kune zvakatipoteredza kwemakore akawanda
inodhura, asi kuidzokorodza semarara kunobvumira makondirakiti kuita mari
kubva pazviri. Chikumbiro chazvino nderekuti zvinhu zvigadziriswe
hapana chekutarisa kana kuisa mazita. Izvi zvichaita kuti zvisakwanise kuongorora hutano hwayo
mhedzisiro sezvo pasina munhu achakwanisa kuverenga iyo yakazara dosi iri kugamuchirwa
nevatengi vakasiyana-siyana kubva kune yavo zvishoma radioactive flatware, mabhandi mabhandi,
kana zvingoro zvevacheche.

Mukutanga kwaNdira iyo DOE yakamisa kwenguva pfupi kuburitswa kweimwe radioactive
tsvina kubva panzvimbo yehurumende yakaputswa paOak Ridge. Zvisinei, kubata
inoshandiswa kune chikamu chiduku chete chesimbi uye nickel. Vanopfuura 121,00
matani akanga achiri akarongerwa kusunungurwa. Iyo NRC chikonzero chekubvumidza izvi
ndeyekuti kune "chikumbaridzo" chekusangana nemwaranzi. Kana an
kufumurwa kwakadzikira, dzidziso iyi inoenda, hapana kukuvadzwa kune chipenyu kuchaitika.
Chirevo chakagadzirirwa naWenonah Hauter, director wePublic Citizen's Critical
Mass project uye Diane D'arrigo weNuclear Information uye Resource
Sevhisi inotaura nezvechikumbiro chekudzokorodza inotora mazwi muchemist weDOE
"angangoita matani 30,000 ezvimedu zvaimbova neradiation, hafu kubva kuUS uye
hafu kubva muindasitiri yemagetsi enyukireya iri kushandiswa patsva pasina kukuvadza
veruzhinji.”

Dambudziko nemutemo uyu nderekuti wakavakirwa padzidziso isina kutsigirwa. Chokwadi,
kune humbowo huri kukura kubva kuzvidzidzo zvekurapa kuti hapana "chikumbaridzo"
kune radiation mhedzisiro uye kuti kuratidzwa kwese kune ionizing radiation kunoguma
muchitokisi kana DNA kukuvara. Kazhinji sero DNA rinozozvigadzirisa pacharo, asi
dzimwe nguva nzira yekugadzirisa inokundikana. Mhedzisiro, pamwe makore mazhinji gare gare,
inogona pakupedzisira kuva bundu rekenza.

Chokwadi chekuti nhamba diki dzekenza dzinokonzerwa nemwaranzi inogona kuve yakaoma
kuona kana kupararira pamusoro pehuwandu hwevanhu hazvirevi kuti havaiti
aripo. Dr. John Goffman chiremba wezvirwere uye munyori wemabhuku akawanda uye
mapepa akawanda pamusoro pehutano hwehutano hwemwaranzi anonyora mukati Radiation Induced
Kenza kubva kuLow Dose Exposure, An Independent Analysis, kuti tinofanira kutarira
pedyo nemhedzisiro yenjodzi diki yega kana uchifunga
mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza yeyakaderera mwero mwaranzi kana kuratidzwa chepfu. “Kana
kusvibisa masosi emarudzi ese anodzorwa ega uye rimwe nerimwe rinotenderwa
kuuraya munhu mumwe mu100,000 10,000 ipapo manyuko XNUMX XNUMX bedzi etsvina aigona
kuuraya vanhu vanosvika chegumi chevanhu uye hapana aizokwanisa kuratidza
icho. ”

Kunyangwe zvisingaite kuratidza kuti kuratidzwa kwakapihwa kune radiation kunoguma
mumunhu ari kuita kenza makore makumi maviri gare gare, pane kiriniki uye
epidemiological humbowo hwekukuvadza kwekushomeka kwemwaranzi.
Sezvo data kubva kuzvidzidzo zveradiation mhedzisiro yakawedzera kuburikidza nemakore,
kwave kune kudzikira kwakatsiga kwemwero unokurudzirwa wakachengeteka gore negore wemwaranzi
kuratidzwa kwevashandi vemuindasitiri uye veruzhinji.

Muna 1972 musayendisiti, Dr. Abram Petkau, achishandira marabhoritari Atomic Energy
muPinawa Manitoba, yakaburitsa bepa pamusoro pekudyidzana kweakaderera madosi
yemwaranzi uye kugadzirwa kwemahara radicals. Akaona kuti zvarebesa
kuratidzwa kune mashoma emwaranzi kwakakonzera kuumbwa kwemahara radicals.
Aya maitiro anoparadza uye ane chepfu eokisijeni anokonzera kukuvara kukuru kwesero
uye zvakabatanidzwa mukukuvadzwa kwemasero machena eropa uye immune system
system uye inofungidzirwa kukurumidza kuchembera. Petkau akawana izvozvo
kukuvara kwesero kwakaitika pamwero wakanyungudutswa uri pasi peiyo chero munhu aimbove
inocherechedzwa kubva pakuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kune radiation. Nekuda kwekudyidzana uku
yemwaranzi uye mahara radicals, zvino zvinoita sekunge kukuvadzwa kwebiological
kunokonzerwa nemwaranzi shoma shoma yakakura kwazvo kupfuura iyo yakagadzirwa
nemwero wepamusoro wakagamuchirwa munguva pfupi.

Mafungiro ekuti kusingaperi kuratidzwa kune yakaderera mazinga emwaranzi, senge
izvo zvinosangana nemunhu anogara pedyo negwenya remagetsi, zvinogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya
kupfuura kufumurwa kwakanyanya kwakapokana zvakanyanya nenharaunda yenyukireya. Kubva
kutanga kwayo chaiko 50 makore apfuura indasitiri nevatongi vayo vakasimudzira
chokwadi chesainzi che "pasi pekutonga kunetseka" zvichitaura izvozvo
mashoma eradioactivity haakuvadzi (kana anobatsira kune zvipenyu,
fungidziro inonzi hormesis). Kana izvi zvinodzokororwa zvirevo zvino zvave zvakavakirwa
pafungidziro dzenhema nesainzi dzisina maturo, zvinorehwa neindasitiri ndizvo
hazvina kunaka. Saka pane kurudziro yakasimba yekudzvanyirira zvese zviri zviviri kutsvagisa uye kuburitsa
munzvimbo ino. Dr. Petkau, anoshandiswa nerabhoritari inotsigirwa nehurumende akaudzwa kuti kwete
kupa hurukuro kune vezvenhau patsvagiridzo yake.

Zvichida ndiko kudzvinyirira uye kuramba
yeruzivo rwakabatana neiyo NRC's yazvino kusundidzira kuregeredza iyo
indasitiri iyo inonyanya kunetsa. Kutsinhana kwemahara kweruzivo uye maonero
mudemocracy sezvakaita sainzi kwakakosha kune mhedziso dzakanaka nemitemo
zvakafanana. Iyo NRC uye hurumende yemubatanidzwa vane nhoroondo refu yeschizophrenia
kusimba renyukireya. Kune rimwe divi, vanhu vehunyanzvi vakaita seNRC's
pane vanoongorora saiti kana indasitiri yehutano fizikisi matekiniki anonyatsoziva
kuti mwaranzi ine ngozi sei mumhoteredzo inogona kuva sezvainonangana nevakawanda
nguva munhengo dzemuviri kana kuburikidza nechikamu chekudya. Asi ikozvino kune mari yakawanda
uye simba remasangano riri panjodzi mukuenderera mberi nekuvapo kweindasitiri,
iyo yepamusoro nhanho mamaneja eNRC anofuratira ziso kune dzakawanda nyaya dzinogona kuitika
kukanganisa kuchengetedzwa uye hutano hwevanhu.

Sezvo ivo vanozvisimbisa ivo pachavo nezve kushingaira kwavo kwekutonga, vachiwedzera kuzviparadzanisa
kubva kune veruzhinji uye nekuregeredza ruzivo rushoma rwemugari rwavanogamuchira ikozvino
kunzwa uye misangano mumunda, gumi nevaviri vekuchembera nukes kutenderera nyika
vari kukungurukira, vakakombwa ne reactor chikepe embrittlement, yakashata yakatsemuka pakati
machubhu ejenareta, akavharwa uye ane maoko ane machubhu ejenareta, uye haashande.
emergency core cooling systems. Kune chero munhu ane chero chinangwa zvachose, iyo
mhedziso inofanira kunge ingori nyaya yenguva kusati kwaitika kumwe kunyungudika
kumwe kunhu.

Zvichida imwe yenjodzi huru ndeyekupotsa mukana. Inotyairwa
nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika uye kushushikana kwehondo inotonhora muma1950 nema1960 mabhiriyoni
yemadhora kubvira ipapo yakatambiswa panzira ine tsvina ine ngozi yokugadzira
simba. Mazana emabhiriyoni ezvimwe zvino anofanira kushandiswa kutakura marara anouraya
yakagadzirwa neindasitiri iyi, mari ingadai yakashandiswa kusimudzira nekusimudzira
kugadzirwa kwesimba kwakasimba kubva kumhepo, masero emafuta, kana simba rezuva. Imwe GAO
fungidziro inoisa bhiri rekucheneswa kwemafekitari edu emabhomba emauto chete
pamabhiriyoni 171 emadhora. Wedzera mubhiri rekutengesa nukes uye huwandu
nyore kaviri.

Dzimwe nyika dzakaona kutambisa uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwenyukireya yekutengeserana
simba uye zvino vava kutanga kubvisa nyukireya dinosaurs. Asi pano,
kana iripo maitiro eindasitiri uye kuderedzwa kwehurumende, kuderedzwa kwekuwana
kune ruzivo, uye kushomeka kweruzhinji kuenderera mberi, zvinoita sekunge indasitiri
icharamba ichigadzira purofiti yakawanda, mari yakawanda yeWall Street
vanogadzira, uye mamwe makesi egomarara pakati pepasi winders.

Hazvifaniri kuva nenzira iyi. Mitemo yava kushanda nenzira yayo
Congress iyo inogona pakupedzisira kuvhara aya anouraya mabheti pasi. Nokukurudzira
kuvandudzwa kwezvinovandudzwa, tinogona kudzima nekuregedza zvirimwa zvedu pamwe
mumakore gumi kana maviri. Asi nhare yenyukireya inotyisa iri kugadzirira kurwa
yehupenyu hwayo.

Zvikumbiro zvakati wandei zvekutsanangura patsva musika wemagetsi zvava kushanda
nzira yavo kuburikidza neCongress. Izvi zvichaumba ramangwana rezvose zviri zviviri zvekutengeserana
simba renyukireya uye kugadzirwa kwemagetsi kazhinji. Vaviri vanofarirwa
nevanoongorora zvakatipoteredza uye vamiriri vevatengi ndivo Jeffords Bill S 1369 uye
iyo yakafanana Pallone bill HR 2569. Zvose zvinotsvaga kukurudzira simba rinogara riripo
kugadzirwa kuburikidza nechirongwa chinodaidzwa kuti renewables portfolio standard. The
renewables portfolio standard inzira yekugadzira nzvimbo munzvimbo yemusika
kune simba rinogadzirwa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai semhepo kana simba rezuva. It
inodaidzira kuti majenareta ose emagetsi abudise huwandu hunoramba huchiwedzera
yemagetsi kubva munzvimbo dzinogonekazve mukati memakore makumi maviri anotevera. The Jeffords
bhiri rinodaidzira renewables kuita 2.5 muzana yesimba rinogadzirwa
2000 nekuwedzera kusvika ku20 muzana ne2020. Inogadzawo hurongwa
yezvikwereti zvemagetsi zvinotengeswa kuitira kuti makambani asakwanise kuzadzisa chikamu chakatemerwa
yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi anogona kutenga makiredhiti kubva kune mamwe makambani. Zvose
mabhiri anodawo kuti 6 bhiriyoni yemadhora trust fund igadzirwe kuti ipe
rubatsiro kune vatengi vanowana mari shoma uye kupa mari yekunyatsoshanda uye tsvakiridzo inogona kuvandudzwa
nebudiriro. Pamusoro pezvo mabhiri maviri aizobvumira vagadziri vadiki vesimba
nokuda kwekushandisa kwavo kutengesa chero yakawandisa inogadzirwa kumashure mugridi, chirevo
inonzi net metering.

Tichiziva rubatsiro rwekare rwakafarirwa nemagetsi enyukireya nemarasha
mabhiri aya kuedza kuenzanisa nzvimbo yekutamba yegirini inogadzika
kugadzirwa kwesimba. Pasina iyo renewables portfolio standard kana yakaenzana nayo
munzvimbo yemusika isina kudzorwa zvine chokwadi chekuti pachava nenhangemutange
kusvika pasi kugadzira simba zvakachipa sezvinobvira pasina hanya nezvezvakatipoteredza
mari kana hutano hwevanhu.    Z