Sabrina Giles akaenda kunoshanda makore manomwe apfuura, achichengeta mabhokisi makuru ekutakura zvinhu
kufamba nekupinda nekubuda muBurlington Northern/Santa Fe Railway (BNSF) yadhi muPoint.
Richmond, California. Nokufamba kwemakore, akadzidzisa mushandi mumwe pashure pomumwe mubasa
unyanzvi hwakaoma hwekuronda mitoro yemiriyoni yemadhora inotumirwa nehofori
makambani-C&H Shuwa, United Parcel Service, kunyangwe iyo US Post Office.Asi nepo vamwe vakatamira kumabasa ari nani uye muhoro wakakura, iye akagara panzvimbo imwe,
kutarira muhoro wake inch zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pa$8 kusvika pa$9.50 paawa. Vanhu vaakaona vachifambira mberi
vainyanya kuchena, anodaro, kazhinji shamwari kana hama dzevatariri. kuna Giles, an
Mukadzi weAfrica muAmerica, "yadhi iyi yakanga izere nerusarura, rusaruraganda, uye zvepabonde."Lorena Sagastume, akamboshanda kwemakore anopfuura manomwe panzvimbo iyi, akatanga
hofisi yekambani. "Asi vakazondiudza kuti ndaifanira kuenda kubasa kunze kwechivanze,
kuti vaisada kuti nditaure nevatengi vavo nekuti ndaitaura nematauriro,"
anoti.Makwikwi apfuura, zvichemo zvakaita seizvi zvakaita kuti vashandi vepayadhi varonge mubatanidzwa. Uye nokuda
kekutanga kubva kuSan Francisco General Strike ya1934, nzvimbo refu yeBay Area
mubatanidzwa wakabvuma kuwedzera huwandu hwayo kuti ugamuchire chikamu chitsva chekutaurirana chevanhu vasingashandi
pamadoko. "Tiri kuyedza kugadzirisa kune chokwadi chitsva chekuti kana masangano akasadaro
kuronga, isu hatisi kurarama," anodaro Larry Thibeaux, purezidhendi weLongshore Local
10 yeInternational Longshore uye Warehouse Union.Asi pane kuhwina zviri nani mamiriro, nhasi mazhinji ePt. Richmond nzvimbo ye101
vashandi vakagara pamba. Vauya kuzopesana nezvinoita sezvitsva zvisina kunyorwa
mutemo-makambani ari kufambisa rutivi rutsva rwebhizimisi rekutumira akatsunga kuita kudaro
"mubatanidzwa-pasina."Njanji nemakambani ekutakura vakangovaka zviteshi senge muPt. Richmond
mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Inonzi intermodal yards, ndiwo moyo wepamusoro-soro we
indasitiri yezvekufambisa, uye ari padhuze nechiteshi, panoremerwa makoni makuru nekututunura
midziyo yekutakura kubva kune hofori dzekutakura zvinhu. Kubva muchikepe, midziyo inotakurwa nerori kuenda ku
mayadhi, kwavanoiswa muzvitima zvinofamba nenyika.Kunyangwe vashandi vepachiteshi vakarongwa, sezvakaita vashandi muzvitima, masangano evashandi ari kushomeka
hubs hombe pakati. Mazuva ano, ndiko kune mabasa. Kunyangwe iyo Pt. Richmond
vashandi vanoremedza uye kuburitsa midziyo yekutakura kubva kuBurlington Northern Santa Fe zvitima, mune
yadhi yekambani, ivo havanyatso kushandira njanji. Pane kudaro, iyo BNSF
yadhi yaishandiswa nekondirakiti, Pacific Rail Services (PRS), iyo inoshandisa 29 mamwe
terminals pasi pezvirongwa zvakafanana.Giles, Sagastume, nevamwe vavanoshanda navo pavakaisa chikumbiro chesarudzo yemubatanidzwa,
Pacific Rail yakatanga kutaura kuti njanji yaizodzima kondirakiti yayo kana mubatanidzwa ukakunda. Robert
Kirchgessner, maneja wenharaunda yePRS, akanyora memo yevashandi muna Nyamavhuvhu 28, maakataura
kuti "mugadziri mutsva haafaniri kuhaya chero vashandi vekare." Iye
ndokuzoenderera mberi nokududza mienzaniso yenguva pfupi yapfuura yemayadhi epakati apo mazana evashandi vemubatanidzwa
vakarasikirwa nemabasa apo njanji yakaunza makondirakiti asiri emubatanidzwa.Ken Rader, maneja wechidiki muchena, anoyeuka kuti Kirchgessner akamudana kuti apinde mumba make
hofisi svondo pamberi pesarudzo dzeSeptember 26. "Akandiudza kuti kana mubatanidzwa ukakunda, ini
aisazova nebasa," anodaro. "Bob akandiudza kuti aida kuti ndinyengetedze vanhu kuti vasadaro
kuvhotera mubatanidzwa." Vamiriri vePRS vakaramba kubvunzurudzwa.Kwasara zuva rimwe sarudzo, Sagastume akadzingwa basa. โVakati kuuya kwangu kwakaipa,
asi zvakanga zvisina kuipa kupfuura vakawanda, uye zviri nani pane vamwe,โ anodaro. โNdinofunga kuti
kambani yakandishandisa kutumira meseji." Anthony Gonzalez anoti makanika avo
midziyo yekambani yakagadziriswa vakaudzwa kuti vaizodzingwa kana vakatsigira mubatanidzwa.Zvakadaro, vashandi vakavhotera mubatanidzwa, makumi mana nemanomwe kusvika makumi matatu.
Mushure mezvo, kambani yakabvuma kutanga nhaurirano, uye muna Ndira yakanga yagadzirisa itsva
chibvumirano neLocal 10. Mubatanidzwa uye vashandi veyadhi 101 vakafunga kuvava kwavo
zvakaitika vakanga vakachengeteka mumashure mavo. Kutaura idi, zvakaipisisa zvakanga zvichiri kuuya.Pacific Rail payakaenda kuchitima nechibvumirano chemubatanidzwa chiri muruoko, ichikumbira
imwe mari yekubhadhara muhoro wekuwedzera, BNSF yakairasa, uye munaKurume 10, yadhi's 101.
vashandi vakagumiswa zvachose. PRS yakanga yarasa kondirakiti yekumhanyisa yadhi. BNSF
mutauriri Jim Saborin akazvidana "zvikuru sarudzo yehupfumi
kunze kwekuenderana nemusika, uye zvatiri kubhadhara kune zvimwe zvivakwa. Kunetseka kwedu ndiko
kushanda zvivakwa pamwero wehupfumi-iyo sevhisi yakanakisa pamwero wepamusoro."Kutsiva PRS, BNSF yakaunza imwe kambani, Parsec, inoshanda makumi mashanu zviteshi
munyika yose. Saborin anoti Parsec yaive yechipiri yakaderera mutengi wePt. Richmond
chibvumirano.Parsec yakabva yazivisa vashandi kuti vaigona kunyorera mabasa avo ekare zvakare, asi sematsva
vashandi. Vanhu 26 chete ndivo vakabvumirwa kudzoka. "Vakasarudza mhondi
vamwe," Giles anodaro. "Ndakatsiviwa nemumwe mukadzi murungu aingoshanda ikoko a
gore." Rader anoti akapihwawo basa, asi semushandi wenguva dzose pa$8.00/awa,
kwete yake yekare $12.00/awa supervisor slot. Sekureva kwaTibeaux, mubhadharo wemutyairi wetirakita une
yakadzikiswa kubva pa$14.40 kusvika pa$8.50.Parsec, 91 miriyoni oparesheni, ine nhoroondo refu yekurwisa mibatanidzwa yevarwi senge
the Teamsters. Payakatora BNSF's intermodal yard muLos Angeles, pasirese
chikuru, muna 1995, kambani yakadzinga vashandi vese vepayadhi 400, avo vese vaive Teamster.
nhengo. Parsec yakashandisa $2.5 miriyoni kuhaya, kudzidzisa, uye kubhadhara kufamba nekugara
mari yevashandi vatsva.Gore rapfuura, BNSF yakapa Parsec kondirakiti yekushandisa yayo Seattle terminal, isina
kubhidhidza. Parsec zvakare yakarasa vashandi veTeamster yadhi, uye yakahaya vashandi vatsva pamadhora masere
awa.Parsec hairwise mibatanidzwa yese, zvisinei. Kutaura zvazviri, ine mubatanidzwa wayo pachayo.
Bruce Jackson, mushandi akadzingwa achiri kusangana nevamwe veavo vakapihwa basa,
vanoti vakapihwa tsamba kubva kumutungamiri weParsec, Otto M. Buddig, Jr., yaida
kuti vabatane neLocal 707 yeVatyairi vemarori, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen uye Helpers Union.
Mubatanidzwa uyu hauna hukama neAFL-CIO, uye mamwe masangano anoudaidza kuti mubatanidzwa wekambani. The
tsamba yakanyorwa muna Kukadzi 6, 1996. Parsec yaisazosimbisa kana tsamba yacho iri yenguva dzose.
inopihwa kune vese vashandi vatsva, kana kuti pazvivakwa zvipi.Kana Local 707 ine chibvumirano chemubatanidzwa neParsec chinobvumira kambani kubhadhara muhoro we
$8.00 kana $8.50/awa, zvaizopa pachena kambani mukana wehupfumi pamusoro payo
vakwikwidzi. Chibvumirano chakadaro chaizodzivirirawo Parsec kubva mukuedza kwayo
vashandi vepakati kuti varonge nemamwe masangano kukwidza mihoro, vachipa
mari inobhadharwa kuLocal 707.Tsamba yaBuddig inotsanangurira vashandi kuti "isu tine basa rekuunganidza
Kumiririra kweMubatanidzwa-mubhadharo wekutanga wemadhora zana uye mari yemadhora makumi maviri nematanhatu pamwedzi."
inotsanangurira vashandi kuti "isu mutemo wedu 'kukweretesa' mari yekutanga
iwe," uye inopa kubvisa mari yemadhora makumi maviri neshanu / vhiki kusvika chikwereti chabhadharwa.Parsec haisiriyo yega kondirakiti inobvisa mibatanidzwa yemauto kubva kumayadhi eBNSF. The
njanji nguva pfupi yadarika yakahaya mumwe kontrakta, Mu Terminal Services, kuti atore pairi
Birmingham yadhi, kudzinga vashandi vaive vabatana neTransportation Communications Union.
Saborin anoramba kuti BNSF inopesana nemubatanidzwa kambani, uye anoti 60 muzana ye
vashandi mumayadhi ayo ari pakati pemibatanidzwa. Haana kukwanisa kutaura, zvisinei, kuti yakawanda sei
kuti 60 muzana inomiririrwa neLocal 707.Sekureva kwevacherechedzi veindasitiri, makambani ese echitima anoita tsika ye
kushandura makondirakiti mumayadhi avo epakati kuti akurudzire hondo dzekubira. Ray Famolathe,
uyo akabatsira kuronga mubatanidzwa pakati pevashandi kuSouthern Pacific hombe yeIntermodal Container
Freight Systems yadhi muLos Angeles, akarasikirwa nebasa apo njanji yakapedza kondirakiti yayo
neIn Terminal Services. Vazhinji vashandi veICTF vakabva vaenda kunoshandira kondirakiti imwechete mukati
iyo BNSF yadhi, pasi pechibvumirano cheTeamsters. BNSF payakapa chibvumirano kuParsec, ivo
vakarasikirwa nemabasa zvakare."Hapasisina kana mayadhi enjanji yemubatanidzwa," anodaro Famolathe. "The
njanji inoshandura makondirakiti anomhanyisa mayadhi avo ega ega makore mashanu kusvika manomwe senyaya
ehe saizvozvo. Izvi zvinoita kuti varambe vachikwikwidzana, uye zvinodonhedza mutengo pasi. Apo a
mubatanidzwa unobviswa muhurongwa uhu, haugone kuramwa mabasa nekuti nhengo dzayo dzinoshandirwa
kondirakiti, kwete njanji."ILWU anoronga director Peter Olney anoti "kana njanji yaive yepamutemo
mushandirwi wevashandi vepakati, vaizowira pasi peRailway Labor Act, vobva vaita
chikamu chechikwata chenyika, uye pamwe nhengo dzemasangano ezvitima. By
kuita kondirakiti yebasa, njanji dzinoita kuti izvi zvisaitike. Uye nekuchinja
zvibvumirano, vanodzivirira mamwe masangano kuti asazvirongawo."Nepo nhamba iri kukura yemubatanidzwa, senge yevachengeti vezvivharo nevashandi vemuzvipatara, vari
vanoziva mhando yemaitiro epasi-akapisa ayo akazunungusa mubatanidzwa wePoint Richmond
drive, Local 10 iri kungovhurwa maziso, Thibeaux anodaro. Mubatanidzwa watora
Matanho ekutanga ekuwana rutsigiro munharaunda, kuenda kuRichmond City Council uye munharaunda
machechi. โAsi nhengo dzedu hadzisi kunyatsonzwisisa kuti vanhu ava vakarasikirwa sei navo
mabasa," anotsanangura kudaro.โTinofanira kudzidza kubva mumatambudziko aya, totsigira vashandi vari pano
vakaisa mabasa avo mungozi nokuda kwomubatanidzwa wedu,โ anogumisa kudaro. Nzira yokudzidza iyoyo ingatofanira kudaro
quick. Kurume anotevera kana Kubvumbi, BNSF iri kuvhura yadhi nyowani, yakakura muPort of Oakland. It
zvakare inogona kushandirwa nemugadziri. Kana zviitiko zvinotevera maitiro aripo, chero kuedza ne
vashandi ikoko kuti vapinde mumubatanidzwa vanogona kuita hondo sezviri kuitika muPt.
Richmond."Mubatanidzwa unofanirwa kubvuma dambudziko rekuronga mayadhi epakati,"
Olney anoti, "zvisinei nokuti mushandirwi wacho ndiani. Uye kuti tiite izvozvo, tinofanira kudaro
tora njanji-ndiwo simba chairo."