Thondo muIraq inonzi yapera. Hutungamiri hweAmerica hunoti basa iri, iro rakatanga musi wa20 Kurume 2003, riri kupera pamwe nekubviswa kwemauto eUS. Asi sezvo US, Great Britain, neFrance zvinotanga kumwe kupindira kwemauto kuNorth Africa, masangano avo akanyarara nezvemutengo uri kubhadharwa nevaIraq kwekupedzisira.
Hazvina kudaro maIraqi, zvisinei. Kuratidzira kwakaitika muBaghdad, Basra, Kirkuk, nemamwe maguta vachidana US, kunyanya, kumisa kupindira kwayo kwemauto muLibya. Mibatanidzwa yeIraq yanga ichinyanya kutaura, ichibatanidza kupinda kweUS muIraq nekuenderera mberi nekusuwa kwevanhu vayo vanoshanda. Sekureva kwemumwe mumiriri wemubatanidzwa, Abdullah Muhsin weGeneral Federation of Iraqi (GFIW) vashandi, "Makore masere apera kubva pakadonha hutongi hwaSaddam, asi zvipikirwa zvisina maturo zve"vasununguri" - vapambi nevagari vakavimbisa denga reIraq. nenyikaโzvaingova nhema, nhema, uye nhema.โ
GFIW, iyo yakatsigira mhirizhonga ichangobva kuitika kuNorth Africa neMiddle East, inoti US inofanira "kubvumira vanhu veLibya, Bahrain, nedzimwe nyika kuti vaone zvavanoda ivo pachavo." Falah Alwan, purezidhendi weFederation of Workers Councils and Unions muIraq, anoti mhirizhonga yakanangana nevashandi nemasangano evashandi inotarisirwa kuvhara kuratidzira vachipokana nemamiriro ezvinhu anosiririsa. "Tichiri pasi pekugara," anodaro. "Hondo itsva yeIraqi yakagadzirwa neU.S. iri kuita basa rimwe chete, kuchengetedza hurumende ine huori isu tichitambura nematambudziko ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva."
"Hapana magetsi nguva zhinji, hapana mvura yekunwa, uye hapana masevhisi," anodaro Qasim Hadi, purezidhendi weUnion Of Unemployed yeIraq (UUI). Makore masere mushure mekutanga kwekupindira kwemauto eUnited States, "hapana kana kugadziriswa kwehondo, kuchine marara mumigwagwa, uye vanhu vari kufa nenzara."
Kunyangwe kazhinji huwandu hwemhirizhonga mumakore ekugara, maIraq haana kumbomira kuratidzira mamiriro aya. Pakatanga kuratidzira mune dzimwe nyika dzeMiddle East neNorth Africa, vanhu vomuBaghdad, Basra, neKirkuk vakanga vave nemakore vachiratidzira. Mamiriro avo ekurarama haana kumbochinja, kunyangwe zvipikirwa zvezvaizounzwa nekudonha kwaSaddam Hussein. "Hapana kana shanduko mumamiriro ekushaikwa kwemabasa kubva pakatanga basa," Hadi anopomera mhosva. "Kune vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni gumi vasingashandi muIraq-inenge 10-60 muzana yevashandi."
Sekureva kweUUI, huwandu hwehurovha hwehurumende hwakadzikira nekuti havaverenge vanhu vazhinji. "Vakadzi havaverengwi," Hadi anodaro, achitaura muenzaniso mumwe chete, "nokuti hurumende inoti varume vavo kana kuti vanababa ndivo vane basa rokuvatsigira."
Hadi aive mumwe wevaratidziri vekutanga veBaghdad, achitungamira kufora kwevashandi vasina mabasa kumasuwo eGreen Zone uko mukuru wemauto eU.S. Paul Bremer aive nemahofisi ake. Musi waChikunguru 25, zvichitevera kupinda kwaMay 2003, Hadi akasungwa nemauto eUS. Kwemakore matanhatu akatevera, akatungamira kuratidzira kumwe mushure meimwe, zvichiita kuti Union of the Unemployed ive munzwa padivi pekutanga kwehutongi hweUS uyezve hutongi hweIraq hwakatevera. Vamwe vamiriri vehurumende vakaedza kumisa kukura kwemubatanidzwa nechiokomuhomwe. "Vakati vaizotipa chinzvimbo mushumiro yevashandi, uye kutiita kuti titarisire vanhu vasingashande," Hadi anodaro. Kuedza ikoko hakuna kubudirira nokuti, anotsanangura kudaro, "tiri vemubatanidzwa nokuti tinoda kodzero dzevanhu, kwete nokuda kwedu, asi dzevanhu vose."
Chiokomuhomwe pachakatadza kushanda, kutyisidzirwa kwaitevera. "Mumiriri weDawa Party [bato reMutungamiriri weIraqi Nouri al-Maliki] akatiudza kuti tisiye mubatanidzwa," Hadi anoyeuka. "Dai tisina kudaro, akati tichave vavengi vevanhu veIraq. Isu tinoziva zvinoreva mutauro uyu. Vachakupamba. Vachaita maburi mumuviri wako nekuboora. Vachakuuraya zvishoma nezvishoma. nekurwadziwa kukuru."
Union Organizers Vakapondwa
Mukati memakore ekugara kweU.S., varongi vemubatanidzwa vazhinji vakapondwa. Vamwe, saHadi Saleh, vakatanga kutambudzwa zvine hutsinye. "Vanhu vanotyisidzirwa seizvi vanochinja nzvimbo yavanorara kakawanda," anodaro Qasim Hadi. "Dzimwe nguva vanoenda kunogara kune rimwe guta. Handina basa nezvavanondiita. Ndine hope dzandiri kurwira. Asi pavakandityisidzira kuti vaizopamba mudzimai nevana vangu handina kukwanisa kugara." Akasiya Iraq gore rapfuura.
Anotsanangura dzvinyiriro huru yezvemari pamhuri. โMitengo yakakwira zvikuru uye mamiriyoni evanhu haana kana mari yaanotambiraโฆ.Kunyangwe kune avo vane mabasa, mihoro ishoma kwazvo unoona vanhu vari mumigwagwa vachitengesa midziyo yavo yese. Kana vakapihwa shuga vanoitengesa . Vanhu vakarega kunwa tea nekuti vaingoshandisa mari yavo yese kuti vangotenga chikafu chavanoda kuti varambe vari vapenyu. Zvinondishamisa kuti vanhu vangararama sei."
Hurumende yeIraqi inongoverenga mamirioni maviri vasina mabasa uye inobhadhara mari dzekurovha kune chikamu chimwe chete muzvina chavo. Benefits ishoma, ingangoita $110 pamwedzi, uye kana paine vanhu vanopfuura mumwe chete vasingashande mumhuri, vanodzikisa pundutso. Asi dambudziko rakaipisisa, rinodaro UUI, nderekuti unofanirwa kunyoresa kubato rinotungamira rezvematongerwo enyika panguva imwe chete yaunonyoresa kuti uwane rubatsiro. "Kana iwe uchipikisa bato rinodzora, haugone kunyoresa," anodaro Hadi. "Benefits inopiwa sechiokomuhomwe chezvematongerwo enyika."
Kushaikwa kwemabasa, nzara, nehuwori ndiwo mafuta akadyisa kuwedzera kwekuratidzira kwakazoguma neZuva reHasha reIraq mukupera kwaKukadzi. Mukutanga kwemwedzi, nharaunda dzeBaghdad dzakaona misangano ichidaidzira kuti vadzingwe uye vavhare mujeri vakuru vakuru vane huori, kusanganisira avo vaibirira musarudzo. Vavakidzani veAl-Kuray'at vakaratidzira kudzikira kwemabasa, ukuwo vanhu vemumugwagwa weAl-Mutanabbi vachida rusununguko rwakawedzerwa. Vamwe vakabata zvikwangwani vachiti, "Baghdad Municipality iri kutambisa mabhiriyoni uye guta guru riri kurara mumarara." Mamwe mabhenji aive neyambiro kuhurumende: "Imi vagari veGreen Zone, fungai nezvevamwe" uye "Yeukai mafambiro ehutongi hwehudzvanyiriri hweArab uye kuti vanhu vavo vakamukira sei." PaAl-Fardaws Avenue pakati peBaghdad varatidziri vakapomera kambani yezvekuchengetedza kuuraya murume pamberi pevana vake uye vakadaidzira kumisa kusungwa zvisina tsarukano uye kupinda mumba nemapurisa.
Limited Basic Services
Imwe yenzvimbo dzakanyanya kurwadza kuIraq kwave kushaikwa kweanopfuura maawa mashoma emagetsi pazuva uye kukwira kwemitengo yepeturu nemafuta edhiziri. Zhizha rapfuura, Basra yakazununguswa nekuratidzira pamusoro pekushaikwa kwemasevhisi. Mapurisa akaisa pasi kuratidzira kwaJune pamusoro pekudzima, achitsigirwa neIraqi Electrical Utility Workers Union, yekutanga mubatanidzwa wenyika inotungamirwa nemukadzi, Hashmeya Muhsin. Haider Dawood Selman akaurayiwa uye vamwe vakati wandei vakakuvara. Gurukota reMagetsi neOiri Hussein al-Shahristani vakabva vapa murairo wekuti uvhare mubatanidzwa. Chiuru chevashandi veBasra vakaratidzira, vachishevedzera masirogani vachibvunza Shahristani uko iyo $ 13 bhiriyoni yakagoverwa kuvakazve magetsi yakanyangarika. Mukati memazuva mashoma, mubatanidzwa wakadzingwa muhofisi dzawo.
Mamiriro akafanana akasangana nemubatanidzwa wemafuta eIraq mushure mekuratidzira huwori, hupfumi, hurovha, uye dzimba dzakaipa. Hassan Juma'a naFalih Abood, mutungamiri uye munyori mukuru weFederation of Oil Employees of Iraq, vakaendeswa kumatare uye vakatyisidzirwa kuti vaizosungwa. Hurumende haina kumbobvira yabvisa mabhuku ane mukurumbira wePublic Law 150, yakapihwa naSaddam Hussein muna 1987, izvo zvinoita kuti mibatanidzwa isiri pamutemo kuvashandi vehurumende, kusanganisira mumaindasitiri emafuta nemagetsi.
Vese Qasim Hadi naHashmeya Muhsin vanopomera kuti kudzimwa kwemagetsi hakusi kungokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwehondo kusingagadziriswe - chirevo chemakondirakiti eUS seBechtel Corporation iyo yakagamuchira mabhiriyoni emadhora pakuvakazve (kusina kubudirira). "Kubva 2005 kwave kune mapurojekiti akawanda ekugadzirisa zviteshi zvemagetsi," Hadi anoti, "asi mari yavakagoverwa yakabiwa. Majenareta makuru haagadziriswe. Vashandi vari muzviteshi vanoti vanogona kuzvigadzirisa, asi panzvimbo pezvo vanogadzirisa." kutengeswa zvakare uye vanhu vehurumende vanoisa mari muhomwe. Gurukota idzva rega rega rinongoda mari yakawanda nenguva." Pamusoro pezvo, Hadi anoti, kudzimwa kwemagetsi kunoshandiswa kuranga nharaunda nekuda kwekupikisa hurumende.
VaMuhsin vakakonzera hasha dzehurumende pavakapomera makurukota gore rapfuura kushandisa kudzimwa kwemagetsi uye kudzvanyirira vanhu kuti vapedzisire vapererwa. โKana vanhu vakapererwa zvakakwana, hurumende inotenda kuti vachatambira chero chinhu kuti vawane magetsi, kusanganisira kusimudzira veruzhinji,โ vanodaro. "Inoziva kuti mubatanidzwa wedu haungabvume izvozvo, saka unoda kutimisa mitezo kuti tisataure."
Gore rino, sezvo kuratidzira kwaFebruary kwakawedzera, vamwe vashandi vakabatana, kusanganisira bazi revashandi vemafuta negesi reGeneral Federation of Iraqi Workers, iro rakarova nzvimbo yekuchenesa neminda yeNorth Oil Company muKirkuk musi wa13 Kukadzi. kukwidzwa kwemuhoro, kunyanya kuvashandi venguva pfupi vanowana chegumi chemuhoro wakajairwa. Sangano reMechanics and Printing Workers Union rakaita kuratidzira kwezuva rimwe chete, kuchiteverwa nechikwata chinozvidaidza kuti Vechidiki chemusi wa14 Kukadzi, vakaronga musangano mukuru musi iwoyo muTahrir Square muBaghdad. Pamusoro pekugara vachigununโuna nezvekushaikwa kwemabasa nehuwori, vechidiki ava vaida mabasa.
Sezvo mwedzi waifamba, hurumende yakapasisa bhajeti remabhiriyoni makumi masere nemaviri emadhora, raipihwa mari yese kubva mumari yemafuta. Zvisinei, uori huripo huripo hunovimbisa kuti zvishoma zvacho zvichasvika ruzhinji rwenyika rwune nzara nevasina mabasa. Kurwisana kwehurumende kunokura kwenzwi rekuratidzira kwakaratidzwa mune imwe mureza mukuru waiti: "Mafuta evanhu ndeevanhu, kwete mbavha."
Pakupedzisira, mibatanidzwa, mapato ezvematongerwo enyika ari kuruboshwe, uye mamwe masangano emasangano evagari veIraq akazivisa kuunganidzwa kwenyika kweKukadzi 25 Zuva reHasha. Hurumende yeMaliki yakayedza kuita kuti vanhu varambe varipo nekusunga vatungamiri vemasangano arikuda kuratidzira. Mumwe aive Jabbar al-Asadi, nhengo yevaviri Executive Bureau yeIraq Freedom Congress muBaghdad uye People Protests Committee muIraq. Mumwe aive nhengo yeIFC, Mahmood Khalis, anga anyorera mvumo yekusangana kuTikrit. Mahofisi eIraqi Communist Party neIraqi Nation Party akavharwa nemauto zvakare.
Zvakadaro, Yanar Mohammed, purezidhendi weOrganization of Womenโs Freedom muIraq, akataura kuti vanhu vanoda kusvika zviuru makumi manomwe vakapinda mukuratidzira kwezuva racho. Kumwe kuratidzira muSamara kwakanga kuri kuratidzira kwokutanga kwedzinza kwakarongwa nevakadzi, murutivi nemhaka yokuti chirikadzi zvino dzava ruzhinji rwechiverengero chavagari vapasi vechikadzi cheguta. "Hondo yakapfura varatidziri manheru," Mohammed anodaro, "achiedza kuvaparadzira. Vanomwe vakaurayiwa muSamara uye 70,000 vakakuvadzwa." Maererano neIraqi Society for the Defense of Press Freedoms, 15 vanhu vakaurayiwa muHawija, Mosul, Tikrit, uye Basra panguva yeZuva reHasha.
Zvakaoma kuyera huwandu hwevanhu mukuratidzira kweBaghdad, kukuru, nekuti hurumende yakashandisa chisimba kuparadzira vanhu. Pazvakanyanya kuratidzira pazuva rakatevera, matangi akavhara panzvimbo. Marwan aive mumiriri weIFC akabatsira kuronga kuratidzira kweBaghdad.
Akaudza Hadi, kuti: "Patakatanga, vakatikomberedza neHummers. Takanga tichishevedzera masirogani, 'Tipei magetsi emaawa makumi maviri nemana; tipei mari shoma; Simudza mihoro yevaya vanoshanda; Tipei rubatsiro rwekushaya basa.' Takambofunga kuti vakuru vehurumende vaizotidzivirira, asi vakazoerekana vadzokera shure, motokari dzizere nemapurisa akanga asina kupfeka mbatya. Vakatirwisa nemapanga, netsvimbo, nezvibhakera. Ndipo patakatanga kuda kuti hurumende ibve pachigaro. Marwan akapfurwa muhuro.
Hurumende yakavhara migwagwa yaipinda muTahrir Square. Nepo vanhu 6,000 20,000 vakakwanisa kuungana ipapo, Hadi anoti mumugwagwa wega wega waitenderedza maive nekazhinji nhamba yevanhu munzvimbo yacho pachayo. Al Jazeera yakashuma XNUMX mumugwagwa mumwe chete. "Munhu wese aipopota nezvekodzero dzavo dzevanhu," anodaro Hadi. โMapurisa nemauto vakabva vatanga kuvarwisa, zvekuti munhu wese akagara pasi. Pakazoenderera mberi vanhu vakatizira munharaunda, mapurisa akatevera achirova vanhu nepfuti, vagari vakarega vanhu vachipinda mudzimba dzavo asi mauto akazotevera.
"Hurumende inoti isu tiri maBaathists kana Al Qaeda. Ndiyo nzira yavo huru yekuedza kutyisidzira vanhu, kuti isu tinodzokera ku2003. Asi inhema. Vanoziva kuti vanhu havavadi. hurumende chete nekuti US neIran dzakavabatsira kuwana masimba nekutyisidzira uye mauto nemauto. Asi ndinotenda kuti vanhu vacharasikirwa nekutya, uye kuratidzira kuchawedzera."
Z
David Bacon munyori akazvimirira uye mutori wemifananidzo. Mifananidzo yese ndeye Bacon.