Nekusarudzwazve kwaVaObama, takanzvenga mhedzisiro yakaipisisa, kudzoka kunotyisa kune neoconservative unilateralist mauto eBush II makore. Pachave neshanduko mukuumbwa kweCabinet, asi sezvo Mutungamiri Obama vakasaina kushanya kwavo kwekutanga mushure mesarudzo kuMyanmar, Thailand neCambodia, "pivot" yemauto nehupfumi kuAsia nePacific icharamba iri pamberi peWashington. . Njodzi dzepakarepo dzeiyi nzira dzakanyanya kuoneka munaGunyana naGumiguru apo, vachikurudzirwa nekuwedzera kwekuzvipira kwemauto eUS, Gavhuna weTokyo wekurudyi Shintaro Isihara akakonzera dambudziko rechitsuwa cheDiaoyu/Senkaku chakaunza Japan neChina kumucheto kwehondo.
Kuti unzwisise pivot yaObama, zvinogona kubatsira kuziva kuti chii uye sei vakuru vakuru veObama vakanzwisisa nhaka yavo kubva kuBush manejimendi uye kuti vakatsvaga kuvaka sei panhaka iyoyo. Jeffrey Bader, akashanda semukuru waObama weEast Asia nyaya paNational Security Council, nguva pfupi yadarika akaburitsa memoir yake yekuzvishandira. Anotiyeuchidza kuti Mutungamiri George W. Bush nekambani vakatanga muna 2000 nekuvimbisa "kusiyanisa" mabhesi emauto eUS Asia-Pacific, kuderedza kusungwa kwavo kuNortheast Asia kuitira kuti vagovaparadzira zvakanyanya kunharaunda yeChina.
Kurwiswa kwaGunyana 11 kwakatungamira Bush naCheney kuti vatendeuke kubva pakuva neChina kuenda kuhondo dzavo muCentral Asia neMiddle East. Chinangwa chavo chaive chisiri chekungodzivirira kurwiswa kwehugandanga mune ramangwana, asi kusimbisazve hutongi munzvimbo dzakapfuma neoiri sezvavakaisa iyo Cheney yakadana kuti "gadziriro yezana ramakore rechi21." Hutongi hweBush hwakawedzerawo inonzi "hondo yehugandanga" kuIndonesia, Philippines, uye kumaodzanyemba kweThailand, asi neimwe nzira yakanyanya kuregeredza Asia nePacific. Izvi zvakavhura nzira yekukura kwesimba reChinese, kusanganisira kukurumidza kwekubatanidzwa kweASEAN nedzimwe nyika dzeAsia mukufamba kuri kuwedzera kwehupfumi hweChina.
Mitemo yaObama yeAsia yakanyatsogadzirirwa kubhadhara kusimuka kweChina. Bader akaronga zvinokosheswa neUtungamiri neiyi nzira: โIpai nzvimbo yepamusoro kuAsia-Pacific Region. React nenzira yakaenzana pakusimuka kweChina. Simbisa mibatanidzwa uye gadzira kudyidzana kutsva. Wedzera huvepo hwese hweUS muWestern Pacific uye chengetedza kuendeswa kwedunhu kumberiโฆ.uye ubatane nemasangano ematunhu. Kureva kudzoka kune multilateral, pane unilateral, enforcement yeEmpire.
Nepivot, hutongi hwaObama hwakasaina kutsunga kwahwo "kudzosa chero bhidhiyo yeChinese yehegemony muAsia-Pacific," kunyangwe nekurasikirwa kweCold War itsva. Sekutaura kwakaita General Martin Dempsey, Sachigaro weJoint Chiefs of Staff, "mauto eUS anogona kusungirwa kutarisana neChina zvakanyanya sekutarisana neSoviet Union." Tichipinda munguva ino โ mijaho yezvombo yeAsia-Pacific iyo inosanganisira Japan neKorea pamwe nemasimba makuru โ hapana mutambi ari kutsvaga hondo, kunyangwe hazvo kusawirirana muSouth China Sea kuchigona kubuda mukudzora โ kunyanya pakati peChina neVietnam. Pane kudaro, mutsika yemitambo yemitambo, pane mutambo wemumvuri apo mibatanidzwa mitsva inogadzirwa, zvigadziko zvitsva zvakavakwa, zvombo zvitsva zvinoiswa, dzidziso itsva dzemauto, uye dzidziso itsva dzechiuto dzinoziviswa, zvese nechinangwa chekuratidza simba rakakura kana kugona kukuvadza kusingagamuchirwi kuitira kusimbisa hutongi hwedunhu.
Nekudzika kwayo kwekubatana kwemauto, kuwedzera uye kusiyanisa kwezvigaro zvemauto uye nhaurirano dzezvibvumirano zvitsva zvekutengeserana kwemahara, US iri kusimbisa izvo zvinoonekwa nevatungamiriri veChinese se "Great Wall in reverse," neakaenzana neshongwe dzevarindi dzakatambanudzwa kubva kuJapan kuenda kuAustralia, zvese. zvingangotadzisa China kupinda mugungwa guruโ uye kudzidzisa dzidziso yeWashington air-sea war.
Rationales & Strategy
Aka hakasi kekutanga kuti US iende kuAsia nePacific. Mumakore ekuma1850, nguva pfupi ngarava dzehondo dzeUnited States dzisati dzatanga kuuya pazviteshi zveKorea, Munyori weUnited States of State William Seward akataura kuti kana US yaizotsiva Britain sesimba guru renyika, yaizofanira kutanga yatonga Asia. Nechiwi chePacific matombo anotsika kuenda kuAsia aitodzorwa neEuropean colonial masimba, Seward akagadzirisa kutenga Alaska kubva kuRussia kuti ape zambuko rekuchamhembe kuAsia.
Pakazosvika makore ekuma1890, Washington yakanga yatounganidza mauto emugungwa aidiwa kupikisa hutongi hweBritain hwemakungwa. Zvichakadaro, pakati pekunetsekana kwehupfumi uye kusagadzikana kwemumba muUS, vagadziri vemitemo vakaona kupinda mumusika weChina senzira yekuisa vasina mabasa kuti vashande uye nekudaro kugadzira "runyararo munharaunda," uku vachiwedzera purofiti yemakambani uye kumisa United States sepasi rose. simba. Kunyura kusati kwatsanangurwa kweUSS Maine muchiteshi cheHavana kwakapa chikonzero chekuti United States izivise hondo neSpain, itore Philippines neGuam (pamwe nePuerto Rico neCuba), uye kuwedzera Hawaii chengetedza zviteshi zvemafuta zvinodikanwa kuti usvike kuChina.
Nekukundwa kweJapan muHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Pacific yakava โAmerican Lakeโ. Mazana emabhesi emauto eUS akagadzwa muKorea, Japan, Australia, Marshall Islands, nedzimwe nyika dzePacific kuti asimbise ayo ari muPhilippine, Guam, neHawaii, ayo akawedzerwa zvakanyanya. Pamwe chete mabhesi aya "aiva" Beijing neMoscow mukati meCold War uye akashanda sekutanga mapadhi eHondo dzeKorea neVietnam pamwe nekupindira kwemauto nekupidigura zvematongerwo enyika kubva kuPhilippines neIndonesia kuenda kuPersian Gulf.
Pakati peUS post-Cold War zano kwave kuri kuongorora kwaJoseph Nye, Mutungamiriri Clinton Mutevedzeri weMunyori weDziviriro uye munyori wekutanga weUS Asia-Pacific mutemo kubva pakupera kweCold War. Nye yagara yakanyevera nezvengozi dzinogona kuitika dzemakwikwi pakati pemasimba ari kusimuka neanoderera. Kaviri mukati mezana ramakore rechi 20, iye anodaro, United States neBritain dzakakundikana kubatanidza Germany neJapan munhevedzano yadzo yenyika, kuchiguma nengwavaira mbiri dzehondo dzenyika. Kuti adzivise kudzokorora kweapocalyptic yenhoroondo iyi, akakurudzira US kuti itore marongero anobatana uye aive neChina, kunyangwe izwi rekuti "kusviba," neCold War echoes, rakadziviswa zvine mutsindo muhurukuro yepamutemo kuitira kuti isaburitse US inopokana. -Chinese hukama.
Zvino, mwedzi isati yatangwa pivot, mumashoko anoyeuchidza dzidziso yeMafia yehukama hwepasirese uye zvishuvo zvakatangisa humambo hwepasi rose hweUS muma1890s, Nye akanyora kuti, "Asia ichadzokera kune yayo nhoroondo, inopfuura hafu ye huwandu hwevanhu pasi rese nehafu yehupfumi hwenyika. America inofanira kunge iripo. Misika uye masimba ehupfumi ari pahurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika uye simba remauto reAmerica rinopa hurongwa uhu. "
Zvichienderana nehurongwa hwaNye uye chokwadi chekukwikwidzana kweUS-Chinese, hutongi hwaObama hwakagumisa kubva pakutanga kuti nekubatana neChina, Middle Kingdom inogona kutungamirwa kuita "basa rinovaka kupfuura raizoita nekugara kunze kweiyo system." VaObama manejimendi vakadzokorora kuti "China iri kubudirira yakanakira America" โโuye yakatevera kudyidzana nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Asi iri kuvharidzira mabheti ayo.
Chinangwa chaObama hachisi kudzokorora Hondo Yemashoko eUS-Soviet. Zvakadaro, nekuzvikudza kwehumambo kuri kufuratira mhedzisiro inoparadza yeuto reUS "rakatumirwa" muKorea, Okinawa, nenharaunda dzeJapan nekumwewo muAsia nePacific. Sekushuma kwaBader, hutongi hwaObama hwakasarudza kusakanganisa kudivi re "mutemo wekuzvibata uye pekugara kwehutsika hweChinese ... [izvo] zvinogona kushingisa hunhu hwakaipa uye kutyisidzira vanobatana neUS" muTokyo, Seoul, uye mhiri kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia. .
Saka, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton paakazivisa pivot seshanduko huru mumitemo yekunze nemauto eUS, akasimbirira kuti, "Rimwe remabasa akanyanya kukosha eAmerican statecraft mumakore gumi anotevera," richave "kuvharira zvakanyanya. kuwedzera kwekudyaraโkune zvematongerwo enyika, zvoupfumi, zvounyanzvi, nezvimwewoโmunzvimbo yeAsia-Pacific.โ Kuwedzera kubatanidzwa, akanyora, kwaizonyorwa muchikamu ne "kuumba huvepo hwemauto."
Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Pentagon yakaburitsa "gwara regwara" idzva, richisimbisa pivot kubva kuIraq neCentral Asia uye kutumidza nzvimbo yeAsia-Pacific nePersian Gulf sezvinhu zviviri zveWashington geostrategic. Kusimbisa zvisungo zvitsva izvi (rangarira kuti kushanya kwekutanga kwenyika kwakarongwa nehutungamiriri hwaObama kwaive kweMutungamiriri weIndia, Singh, zvichiratidza kuzvipira kwekukomberedza nekupatsanura China), Clinton, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, uye Mutungamiri Obama vakaita hukuru- kushanya kweprofile kune nyika dzakabatana dzeAsia nePacific. Pashure pemusangano weAPEC kuHawaii, Mutungamiri Obama akaudza nhengo dzeParamende yeAustralia kuti โSenyika yePacific, United States ichaita basa guru uye renguva refu mukuumba nharaunda iyi neramangwana rayo.โ Uye kuti US Asia-Pacific kuendeswa mberi kwaizove "kugovaniswa zvakanyanya ... kuchinjika - nekugona kutsva kuona kuti mauto edu anogona kushanda zvakasununguka."
Nokudaro tine kumutsidzirwa kwemibatanidzwa yehondo neSouth Korea, Japan, Australia, Philippines, uye Thailand, iyo inoshanda seโmugumisiro wokutendeukira kwedu kuAsia-Pacific.โ Mushure mekutora dzidziso yehondo yegungwa-gungwa, Pentagon yakazvipira kuendesa 60 muzana yezvombo zvayo zvenyukireya-yakashongedzerwa uye yakakwirira-tech kuAsia-Pacific. Izvi zvinosanganisira "vatakuri vendege vatanhatu uye vazhinji vevafambisi vengarava veNavy, vaparadzi, ngarava dzehondo dzehondo, uye ngarava dzepasi pemvura, [uye] kukurumidza kumhanya kwezviitwa zvemugungwa uye kufona kwechiteshi muPacific." Zvichakadaro, Pentagon iri kuenderera mberi nehurongwa hwekukomberedza China nemabhomba eB-2 akabira uye F-22 uye F-35 fighter-bombers panosvika 2017. Uye, sekuziva kwevaKorea zvakanyanya, kuitira kusimbisa dombo rekumusoro kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUS. Asia-Pacific simba, yakamanikidza Korea neJapan kuti ipfuure maronda akadzika enhoroondo uye kuenderera mberi nemakakatanwa enzvimbo kuti vagadzirise uye kudzamisa kubatana kwavo kwemauto.
Nekuona kuti kuvimba nesimba remauto chete harisi zano rekukunda, kunyanya kupihwa simba rehupfumi, hutongi hwaObama hwakatsikirirawo kuenda mhiri kweUS-ROK Yemahara Yekutengeserana Agreement nenhaurirano dze "Trans-Pacific Partnership." Chinangwa ndechekugadzira nzvimbo huru uye inoda zvakanyanya pasirese yekutengeserana pachena nenzira dzinodzamisa mubatanidzwa wehupfumi hweUS nevadyidzani vayo veAsia-Pacific panguva imwe cheteyo vachideredza kutsamira kwavo kwehupfumi kuChina. Zvisina dziviriro, China yakapindura nemushandirapamwe wekugadzira nyika gumi nematanhatu East Asia yemahara yekutengeserana bloc.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kunyangwe zvichiramba, zvinoenderana neyakatangira makakatanwa pakati pemasimba arikusimuka uye ari kudzikira, kune vazhinji muUS Kutangwa vanoona makwikwi eUS-Chinese semutambo we zero-sum. Asi, chokwadi ndechekuti-zvichipa kudiwa kwayo kwerunyararo rwedunhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderera mberi kwehupfumi uye nekudaro kugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika-iChina inopfuura iyo US iyo mitemo yayo yakadzika midzi mudzidziso yekudzivisa. Zvichienderana netsika yavo yehumambo hwekutonga, iri kuwedzera zvine hukasha muSouth China Sea ine gakava. Uye, seJapan, South Korea neIndia iri kuvandudza Navy yayo. Iri zvakare kugadzira zvombo zvakagadzirirwa kunyura zvinogumbura vatakuri vendege dzeUS uye nzvimbo yayo uye cyberpace kugona kuri kuwedzera kunetseka kune veUS yenyika yekuchengetedza elite.
Mumwe muongorori wezvematongerwo enyika wekuUnited States anonzi Robert D. Kaplan anotsanangura chikonzero nei achiti: โChina isimba riri kuramba richikura uye richiri kuda kunyadziswa kwayakaita muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe nerechimakumi maviri. [Iyo] iri kugadzira asymmetric uye anti-access niche maitiro akagadzirirwa kuramba US Navy kupinda nyore muEast China Sea nedzimwe mvura dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwaโฆChina haisati ichikwanisa kupikisa zvakananga US muchiuto. Chinangwaโฆ ndechekunyengerera ... kuti US Navy mune ramangwana ichafunga kaviri painokura, uye katatu nezve kupinda pakati peFirst Island Chain nemhenderekedzo yeChinese. "
Migumisiro
Pamusoro pekuwedzera njodzi dzehondo, pivot uye kuwedzera kweUS, mubatanidzwa neChinese masimba emauto auya pamutengo wevanhu vedunhu. MuKorea izvi zvauya nekurasikirwa kwekuenderera mberi kwehutongi nekuwedzera kwekutonga kwehondo yeUS kwemauto eROK. Nzvimbo yeWorld Heritage Site yeJeju Island, pamwe nenharaunda dzayo, iri kurohwa kuitira kuti vatore dambudziko remugungwa reUS pedyo nemhenderekedzo yeChina. Nzvimbo huru, inoratidzika kunge yeKorea yakavakirwa ipapo ndeye "kugarisa ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye kusvika kune 20 ngarava dzehondo, kusanganisira US Aegis-e vaparadzi vane nhumbi uye masisitimu avo ekudzivirira." Uye US iri kumanikidza Korea kuti iwedzere mubatanidzwa wayo neJapan, kunyangwe vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vekuTokyo vari kuramba vachiramba nhoroondo yavo yemhosva dzehondo uye mhosva yehurumende yehutapwa hwepabonde hwe "nyaradzo vakadzi," uye vanoenderera mberi nekupa zvitupa zvechikoro zvichideredza kukanganisa kweJapan. Hondo Yemakore gumi Neshanu yehasha.
Kune zvakare nyaya yekupindura kwakashata kweUS kuChina pakukwira kwedambudziko reYeonpyeong Island gore nehafu rapfuura. Zvichitevera yambiro yeChina yekuti US isaite maekisesaizi echiuto neUSS George Washington muYellow Sea, iyo inoshanda segedhi rekuenda kuBeijing, US yakaita izvozvo. Sekutaura kwakaita aimbove mumiriri weUS kuChina R. Stapleton Roy, "Takakwenya China muziso nekuti taigona."
MuJapan, pivot yaireva kusimbisa mubatanidzwa wenyukireya, kusimbisa masimba emauto eUS muOkinawa nemuJapan mose uye nekuwedzera mashandiro ehungwaru akanangana neChina neNorth Korea. Zvakakoshawo kuyeuka zvisungo zveMutungamiriri weHurumende Hatoyama mukukunda kubviswa kwevese Marines eUS kubva kuOkinawa kuenda kune imwe "yakaenzana" mutemo wekune dzimwe nyika "usingatsamiri" kuUnited States kugumisa US yekutanga kurova kwenyukireya, uye chiono chake cheEast Asia. Nharaunda kunze kweUnited States. Akatadza kugadzira hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika nevezvematongerwo enyika hunodiwa kuita shanduko idzi, zvichiita kuti zvikwanisike zvipo zvehutongi hwaObama mukudonha kwake.
Tichitarisa kuSoutheast Asia, hutongi hwaObama hwakashandura makwikwi ehegemony pamusoro pemafuta nemamineral akapfuma uye akakosha geostrategically South China Sea kuita izvo vanoongorora vazhinji muUS vanoona seyakanyanya njodzi tinder bhokisi kwemakore gumi ari kuuya, kana kupfuura. Nekupindura kuChina kuri kuwedzera kuve nemauto kune dzinenge dzose dzenzvimbo dzine gakava dzemvura - uko 40 muzana yekutengeserana kwenyika uye, kunyanya kukosha, mafuta ekuMiddle East akakosha kuhupfumi hweEast Asia anodarika - nechiziviso chayo chekuti (kusimbiswa neUS) kusununguka. navigation idanho rekutanga reUS, rakakanganisa ASEAN-Chinese kugadzirisa kusawirirana. Kusimbisa zvichemo zvePhilippine ku "West Philippine Sea," Pentagon yakawedzera kutengesa kwezvombo kuManila, kukurumidza kurovedza mauto akabatana, uye iri kuongorora kudzoka kwezvigaro zvemauto. Iyo pivot inosanganisirawo kusimbisa hukama hwemauto eUS neIndonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, neVietnam, nevekupedzisira vachiita maekisesaizi echiuto. Hanoi, pasi pemutemo wayo we "shamwari nenyika dzese", iri kupawo mukana kune veUS uye vanobatana mauto kuCam Rahn Bay.
Kuenda kumadokero, kushanya kwaPresident Obama pamwe nekubatana kweWashington patsva uye kuonana kwemauto neMyanmar kunotyisidzira kurambidza China kupinda muIndian Ocean uye nokudaro zvinokanganisa zvirongwa zvekusimudzira hupfumi zvekumaodzanyemba pakati peChina.
Vachipedza kutenderedza China, hutongi hwaObama hwakagadzira nzvimbo itsva yeIndia Ocean muDarwin, Australia, yakatevera mubatanidzwa neIndia, iri kuwedzera "kudyidzana" kwayo neNew Zealand neMongolia, uye yakatora chibvumirano chekuchengeta chibvumirano. -Ive-yakatemerwa nhamba yemauto eUS muAfghanistan kuburikidza ne2024. Pedyo nekumba, vanhu veChamorro vari kuvharwa sezvo Guam iri kushandurwa kuita hubhu yekutanga yemauto, uye Hawaii ichagamuchira vangangosvika zviuru zvitatu zveMarines, Osprey warplanes, uye imwe nzvimbo. kuwedzera.
Kuenda kune Common & Human Security
Isu tine basa kwete chete kuziva kusarongeka, njodzi nekwadzinobva, asi kuzvikunda. Mafungiro nemazano anogona kutungamira kune yakatarisana nenyika yakajairika uye yakakosha kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu muNortheast Asia ichazvarwa nekurerwa neKorea nedzimwe nyika dzedunhu tsika dzezvematongerwo enyika.
Izvi zvinonditungamira kuti tipe zano rekuti tinofanira kufunga nezvemikana yeCommon Security, tichitsvaga kuhwina-kuhwina kwete zero-sum resolution kumakonana edunhu. Common Security, yakatangwa neMutungamiriri weSweden, Olaf Palme, yakapa paradigm yakafambisa kupera kweCold War muEurope kusati kwadonha kweBerlin Wall uye kuparara kweSoviet Union. Kunyangwe isingakwanise kushanda sehwaro hwekupedzisira hwekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu nevanhu, inoziva kuti nyika, nevanhuwo zvavo, vanopindura kutya, kuti kana rimwe divi rinowedzera nhumbi dzayo dzehondo uye zviito zvekupindura kutyisidzira kunoonekwa kubva kune rimwe, ichaonekwa sekutyisidzira kune rumwe rutivi, zvichiita kuti muvengi awedzere arsenal yake uye zviito mukudzivirira asi kutyisa mhinduro. Izvi zvinotungamira mukusimbisana uye kutenderedza nhangemutange yezvombo, zvisina kusiyana nezvatava nazvo muAsia nePacific, kwete chete pakati peUS neChina, asi Korea, Japan, Philippines, uye ruzhinji rwedzimwe nyika dzeAsia-Pacific. Mhinduro yeCommon Security inhaurirano dzakaoma umo divi rega rega rinodoma kutya kwaro uye mhinduro dzezvekudyidzana dzinowanikwa dzinogadzirisa kushushikana kwevose vanobatanidzwa.
Common Security haienderane nekutsvaga humambo, uhwo hunogona kukundwa chete nekuda kwevanhu uye nekuda kwekupokana kunosanganisira, kana iri yeUnited States, zvisizvo zvakakosheswa uye humambo pamusoro pekusvika.
MuEast Asia, kunyange zvazvo isingaregeredzi nhaka inorwadza yenhau, Common Security inogona kuisa zvido zvevanhu pamberi penyika, kuongorora nzira dzekuvandudza zviwanikwa zvenharaunda uye hukama hwekutengeserana nenzira dzinoshumira vanhu vose nemarudzi enharaunda. An East Asian Common Security framework, yakavakirwa muchikamu pahwaro hweSix-Party Talks, yaizoda kutenderera kutsva kwenhaurirano dzakanangana neTaiwan neKorea kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mafambiro ekugadzirisa runyararo kwemakakatanwa aya ane rutsigiro, nguva nenzvimbo yekudyidzana. zvinodiwa kuti zvikure kusvika pakuzadzika.
Imwe nzira inoenderana neCommon Security ingave yekuti nyika dzedunhu dziongorore kuti ndezvipi zvidzidzo zvinogona kutorwa kubva muChibvumirano cheConventional Forces muEurope. Kukurukurirana kwemurwere uye kwakaoma kwakagadzira chibvumirano kwakaguma nekuderedza kukuru kwemasimba asiri enyukireya munyika yose yeEurope, zvakakonzera kuderedzwa kwemakakatanwa uye kumamiriro ezvinhu anhasi umo kutya kweUnited States / NATO vs. Russia hondo haisisiri kutorwa zvakanyanya.
Kana zvikaonekwa kuti ruzivo rweEurope nekutaurirana uye kuvimba-kuvaka kwakajairwa kuderedzwa kune maapplication muAsia-inzira inogona kuongororwa. Zvinogona kubatsira kuziva kuti Sangano reChinese Arms Control and Disarmament Association, rakaita misangano pamusoro pekuderedza kugadzirwa uye kutengesa kwezvombo zvakajairika. Nepo dzimwe nyanzvi dzeChinese dzakavhurika kupfungwa iyi, vanosimbisa kuti, nekupa kusaenzana kwehugandanga, chero chibvumirano chingangoda kuderedzwa kwakanyanya nenyika dzekuMadokero China isati yakwanisa kudzosera.
Chechitatu, tinoziva kuti hapana chikonzero chekumirira kutsvagisa, misangano, uye nhaurirano kugadzira izvo vanhu vanoda kuchengetedza. Varatidziri vakatsiga uye vakashinga paJeju Island vari kunongedzera nzira. Mhiri kwegungwa, Okinawan kurwira kubviswa kwezvigadziko zveUS kwave kupokana kwepakati mumubatanidzwa weUS-Japan. Kubatana kuri kukura pakati pekurwisa mabhesi muKorea, Philippines, Guam, nedzimwe nyika dzeAsia-Pacific ndiro simba rakasimba mukukunda "kushungurudzwa nekubvuta" kuri mumabasa emauto ekunze aya.
Saizvozvo, pane kukosha kwekudzidzisa kuti US Mutual Security uye Military Cooperation zvibvumirano neKorea neJapan, chibvumirano cheVisiting Forces Agreement nePhilippine, uye humwe hurongwa hunoyeuchidza zvibvumirano zvisina kuenzana zvezana ramakore re19 zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzwa uye kukanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu. .
Chechina, muma1990s, apo hutongi hwaClinton hwakabatikana nekusimuka kweChina ndokutanga zano rekuchengetedza Washington Post-Cold War, ndakabvunza imwe nyanzvi yekuAsia kuti hondo yaigona kudzivirirwa sei. Mhinduro yake yaive yehuchenjeri, yakapfava, uye yakananga: kuvaka dandemutande rehukama hwevanhu munyika dzese dzinoita kuti pfungwa yekuenda kuhondo isaite. Panyaya iyi, hukama huri kukura pakati peKorea nemamwe mafambisirwo erunyararo eAsia-Pacific, masangano, nevaratidziri vanofanirwa kupembererwa nekuvakwa pamusoro. Uye, isu hatifanire kurerutsa kukosha kwesimba rekuita runyararo reK-Pop uye South Korea's tsika diplomacy.
Panyaya yekubatana, iyo ichangobva kugadzirwa US Working Group yeRunyararo uye Demilitarization muAsia nePacific inofanira kucherechedzwa. Inounza pamwe chete vanotungamira veUS Peace movement manhamba, maAsia-America (kunyanya maKorea-America,) vatungamiriri vezvitendero, uye vadzidzi vakabatikana nechinangwa chekupa chiratidzo, zviwanikwa, uye matanho ekubatsira kuvaka sangano reUS rerunyararo rinokwanisa kupikisa pivot neUS. Asia-Pacific mauto mumamiriro ayo akazara. Tiri kuvaka mazano anotarisana nekubatana, shanduko yemitemo, networking uye dzidzo. Isu takadaidzira kuti 2013, yemakore makumi matanhatu echibvumirano chehondo cheKorea, chicherechedzwe seGore reRunyararo uye Demilitarization muAsia nePacific.
Nzira yekuenda kune vese uye kuchengetedzeka kwevanhu yakareba. Tinogadzira nzira yedu nekufamba nayo.
Z
Joseph Gerson parizvino ari AFSC Disarmament Coordinator uye Director weRunyararo uye Economic Security Chirongwa. Basa rake rakanangana nekukunda kutyisidzira kweUS kutanga hondo yenyukireya uye kutonga kwayo kwemauto eAsia-Pacific neMiddle East.
Mifananidzo: Obama achifumura zano rekuvepo kukuru muAsia, Ndira 2012; Hillary Clinton neMutungamiri weChina, Chivabvu 2012; US Emory S. Land, ngarava yerutsigiro yepasi pemvura ichiwana kugadziriswa muPhilippine; Ngarava dzinobva kuUS Navy neJapan Martime Self-Fonse Force dzinopfungaira dzichipinda muEast China Sea.