Raymond Crotty, murimi weKilkenny akanga asarudza kudzidza zvehupfumi uye kuva mutsigiri wezvidzidzo nezvematongerwo enyika, akaendesa hurumende yeIrish kumatare edzimhosva. Crotty v. An Taoiseach muna 1987 kupokana nzira iyo Ireland yakanga ichibatanidzwa nayo muEuropean Union pasi peSingle European Act. Nekuda kwekuita kwemutemo kwakabudirira kwaCrotty, referendamu inofanirwa kuitwa muIreland nguva yega yega painenge paine shanduko kuzvinangwa kana chinangwa cheEuropean Union.
Hondo yaCrotty yehutongi hweIrish yakaratidza kuve yakakosha, zvakanyanya kuodza mwoyo kwevamwe vatungamiriri vekuEurope. Kukunda kwake kwakaita kuti vanhu veIrish vave nekodzero yekuvhota paChibvumirano cheLisbon pareferendamu musi waChikumi 12. Kunyange zvazvo Chibvumirano ichi chichishanda kunyika dzose dze27 dziri muEuropean Union, vanhu veIrish chete ndivo vakapiwa kodzero yekuvhota pachiri. Dzimwe nyika mukati meEuropean Union dzinobvumidza Chibvumirano kuburikidza nezviito zveparamende, zvakatoitika munyika makumi maviri nenhatu, nehurumende yeItaly inotarisirwa kutevera munguva pfupi.
Vavhoti veIrish vasati vaenda kudzimba dzekuvhotera, kumanikidzwa kwakashandiswa nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vekuEurope uye nekugadzwa kweIrish. Boka raiumbwa ne95 muzana yevezvamatongerwe enyika vakasarudzwa muIreland, pamwe chete namapoka makuru eindasitiri nevashandi, sangano gurusa rokurima, uye mamwe masangano aida vhoti yaโHunguโ. Mapepanhau ese eIrish akatetererawo vanhu vekuIrish kuti vavhote Hongu. The Irish Times inotungamirwa nezvinyorwa zvakaita sekuti "Zvakakosha ivhoti yeHongu" uye Independent yeIrish yakatakura chinyorwa chine musoro unoti, โTinofanira kuvhota Hungu.โ Mushure me an Irish Times/TNS MRBI poll yakatorwa referendamu isati yataura kuti hapana mhedzisiro, an Irish Times Mupepeti akapindura nekubvunza, "Tave kupenga here?"
Vakawanda vanofanira kunge vaitarisira kuti dzvinyiriro yakadaro yaizounza muuyo waHungu unoshamisa. Asi vanhu veIrish vakapindura kune zvematongerwo enyika uye vanodhinda vezvenhau nekuramba Chibvumirano ne53.4 muzana yevavhoti yevavhoti Nha.
Sinn Fรฉin vechidiki vachipesana neChibvumirano |
Mapoka akaita mushandirapamwe kuti abudise kurambwa kweChibvumirano akabva mumaonero akasiyana emagariro nezvematongerwo enyika. Mapoka ekuruboshwe, akadai sePeople Before Profit, Socialist Party, Sinn Fรฉin, Workers Solidarity Movement, nePeople's Movement, akarwisa zvirevo mukati meChibvumirano. Mapoka aya akabatanidzwa nemapoka ekurudyi akadai saCรณir nebato richangobva kuumbwa reLibertas.
Taoiseach (Mutungamiriri) Brian Cowen akabvuma kuti akange asati averenga Chibvumirano chose, asi aimbove Gurukota rezvemari uye Mumiriri weEuropean European parizvino, Charlie McCreevy akafunga kuti "mupengo chete ndiye aizoverenga." Mharidzo isina kubatana uye inovhiringidza yeChibvumirano cheLisbon yakanga yakasiyana neBumbiro remutemo reEuropean rakabudiswa muna 2005, iro rakazova rakatengeswa zvikuru muFrance, zvichiita kuti vanhu veFrance vanzwisise zvavaikumbirwa kuvhota.
Kuenzanisa uku kunokosha. Vavhoti veFrance vakaramba Bumbiro reEuropean Union musi wa29 Chivabvu, 2005 nechikamu che70 muzana uye vavhoti veDutch vakakurumidza kutevera musi waChikumi 1. Kurambwa uku kwakakurudzira EU kuti imire kureferendamu kune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope. Nekudaro, izvi zvabuda hazvina kuodza moyo vatungamiriri vekuEurope kuenderera mberi. Nepo Bumbiro reMitemo richida kubvumwa nevavhoti munyika zhinji dzeEurope, Zvibvumirano zveEuropean hazvidi. Panzvimbo pekuenderera mberi nehurongwa hune njodzi hwekutendera vanhu vekuEurope kuti vasarudze nezvekutonga kweEurope, sangano rezvematongerwo enyika reEuropean rakagadzira Chibvumirano cheLisbon kuti chisunde kuburikidza neshanduko idzo Bumbiro raitarisira kuita.
Zano riri shure kwekuratidzwa kusina kujeka kweChibvumirano cheLisbon kwaive kukurudzira vanhu vekuEurope kuti vatende kuti hapana chinhu chitsva chaizobatanidzwa, kungodzokororwa kwemaitiro kubvumidza European Union kuti ishande zvakanaka. Chirevo ichi chakadzokororwa mukati memushandirapamwe neveIrish vezvematongerwo enyika uye veIrish media. Zvisinei, aimbova Mutungamiriri weIreland, Garret Fitzgerald akati: โKusanzwisisa chaiko kwakatsiva kupfava senzira huru yekuvandudza EU. Kana dziri shanduko dziri kuda kuitwa pachibvumirano chebumbiro remitemo, zhinji ishanduko dzekuratidzira dzisina zvadzinobatsira. Izvo zvakangogadzirirwa kuita kuti vamwe vakuru vehurumende vatengesere kuvanhu vavo pfungwa yekubvumidzwa neparamende kwete nereferendamu. Iri zano rakanyanya kushanda kune vanotsigira Chibvumirano cheLisbon, sezvo dzimwe nyika dzakakwanisa kupasisa Chibvumirano ichi kuburikidza nemaparamende adzo. Nekudaro, vhoti yaJune 5 yakaburitswa mu Irish Times akataura kuti zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisike ndicho chikonzero nei vavhoti veIrish vaivhota Kwete uye ichi ndicho chikonzero chikuru chakapihwa muvhoti yaitevera referendamu.
Zviri mukati zvakachengetwa kubva muBumbiro reEuropean Union zvinongoratidza kusavimbika uye kusatendeseka kweveEuropean elite, asi zvakare inoratidza mhando yeEurope inofungidzirwa nevezvematongerwo enyika uye bhizinesi. Zvikumbiro zvakawanikwa mukati meChibvumirano cheLisbon zvinokurudzira kuwanda kwemauto, kushanda kwepakati uye kushoma kwedemocracy yemasangano ezvematongerwo enyika eEurope, uye kuwedzera kubatanidzwa kweuzivi hweNeoliberal uye pesvedzero yemakambani munhau dzeEurope.
Kuwedzera Kwemauto uye Kusarerekera kweIrish
Tiye 1992 Maastricht Treaty akataura nezvezvinoitika izvo "zvingazotungamira kune imwe nguva dziviriro." Ichi chinangwa chakaenderera mberi mu2002 Nice Treaty nekugadzwa kweRapid Reaction Force iyo zvino inomira pavarwi vanopfuura zviuru makumi matanhatu. Uyezve, European Union yakabvumirana ne "Headline Goal" muna 60,000, iyo yaida kuvandudza masimba ehondo panosvika 2003. Chibvumirano cheLisbon ikozvino chinoda kubatanidza Ireland nedzimwe nyika muuto rehondo reEurope. Inotarisirawo kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemauto munyika imwe neimwe yenhengo uye kuwedzera nzira dzinogona kushandiswa nemauto.
Chibvumirano cheLisbon chinopawo tsananguro inosimbisa yekuzvidzivirira kwakafanana kweEuropean nekutaura muChinyorwa 27 kuti, "The common security and defense policy ichave chikamu chakakosha chemutemo wakafanana wekunze nekuchengetedzeka." Iyi budiriro inodenha chirevo cheIrish chekusarerekera, icho chave chiri chirevo chisina chokwadi kwemakore akati wandei. Hurumende yeIrish inobvumira mauto eUS kushandisa Shannon Airport senzvimbo yekukwirisa mafuta munzira yekuenda kuIraq neAfghanistan. Vanopfuura mauto e330,000 eUS akapfuura nemuShannon muna 2005 uye tsvakiridzo ichangobva kuitika yakaratidza kuti ndege makumi matatu nenhatu dzakashandisa Shannon Airport panguva yekutakura nhapwa dzeCIA.
Mauto eIrish chikamu cheNordic EU Battlegroup, pamwe neSweden, Norway, Finland, uye Estonia. EU Battlegroups mapoka evarwi 1,500-2,500 vanogona kushanda makiromita angangoita 6,000 kubva kumiganhu yeEU uye vanokwanisa kuendeswa mukati memazuva gumi nemashanu ekubvumirana neEU Council of Ministers. Mauto eIrish apindawo mumabasa anotungamirwa neNATO, semamishini muAfghanistan. Kunyange zviito izvi zvichimutsa kusava nekwakarerekera kweIrish, hurumende yeIrish inoti kusarerekera kunoenderana ne "kusave nhengo yemubatanidzwa wemauto." Kuturikira uku, kunobvumira hurumende yeIrish kuti itore chikamu mune zvechiuto uye kutsigira kurwisa kweUS nekutora Iraq, zvingangoda kuti hurumende yeIrish irege mubatanidzwa wemauto eEU. Chibvumirano cheLisbon chinoshanda kudzikisa mikana yehurumende yeIrish kuti irege kuburikidza neChisungo 15 uye akatevedzana mamwe matanho.
Imwe yeakawanda anti-Chibvumirano kuratidzira |
Chibvumirano chinoda kuti nyika dzakaita seIreland dzitore chikamu mukuwedzera kwemauto sechisungo chepamutemo. Chisungo 28.3 chinoti, "Nhengo dzeNyika dzichaita zvishoma nezvishoma kuvandudza kugona kwadzo muchiuto." Huuto hweEurope huri kusimudzirwa kuburikidza nehurongwa huchangobva kugadzwa, European Defence Agency (EDA), iyo yakagadzirwa muna 2004 uye ichiripo kunyangwe pasina kubvumidzwa kweEuropean Constitution kana Lisbon Treaty. Kubvumidzwa kweChibvumirano cheLisbon kunokumbira nyika dzenhengo kuti dzive nehunyanzvi hwemauto enyika neEurope uye zvichapa EDA chinzvimbo chepamusoro nekuchiisa muChibvumirano cheEuropean kekutanga. Sekureva kweChinyorwa 28A, EDA ichaita akati wandei mabasa ane chekuita nekutariswa kwezvinodiwa mukushanda uye kutora chikamu mu "kutsanangura kugona kweEurope uye mutemo wezvombo."
Chibvumirano chinopawo zvimwe zvikonzero zvekupembedza mauto uye kuwedzera marudzi ezviitwa zvinogona kuitwa nemauto. Izvi zviviri zvekupedzisira zvisungo zvinoruramiswa pasi pechikonzero chave kuzivikanwa chekurwisa hugandanga. Chibvumirano cheLisbon chinoti Nhengo dzeMatunhu "dzichaita pamwe chete nemweya wekubatana" uye "Mubatanidzwa uchaunganidza zviridzwa zvese zvainazvo, kusanganisira zviwanikwa zvemauto zvinowanikwa neNhengo dzeNyika" kurwisa hugandanga. Izvi zvinopa zvakajeka hurongwa hwehurongwa hwemauto hwakafanana muEuropean Union.
Pamusoro pezvo, Chinyorwa 28B chinopa runyoro rwezviitwa izvo mauto eEU achatora chikamu mazviri, zvinosanganisira: "Kubatana kwekubvisa zvombo, mabasa ekubatsira vanhu nekununura, mazano echiuto uye mabasa ekubatsira, kudzivirira mhirizhonga uye kuchengetedza runyararo, mabasa emauto ehondo mukugadzirisa dambudziko. , kusanganisira kuita kuti pave nerunyararo uye kudzikamisa mushure mekurwisana. Mabasa ese aya anogona kubatsira mukurwisa hugandanga, kusanganisira nekutsigira nyika dzechitatu mukurwisa hugandanga munzvimbo dzadzo. "
Saka Chibvumirano cheLisbon chinopa rondedzero yezvibvumirano zvemauto zvinogona kuitika munzvimbo dziri kunze kweEuropean Union. Izwi rekuti "kuita runyararo" rinoreva basa rine hukasha pane kuchengetedza runyararo, nepo vamwe vangayedza kutsanangura mauto aripo eUS ari kutora muIraq se "kugadzikana kwepashure pekupesana." Rutsigiro rwedzimwe nyika mukurwisa hugandanga runoratidzwa nenzira isina kujeka, izvo zvinobvumira EU kupembedza akati wandei echiuto kuburikidza neLisbon Treaty. Nepo mauto eIrish anogona kusatora chikamu mune mamwe mamisheni emauto eEurope, hurumende icharamba ichibatanidzwa muzviito izvi kuburikidza nemari kana mamwe marudzi erutsigiro rwekushanda. Izvi zvinonyatso kugumisa chero chirevo, zvisinei kuti hazvina kujeka sei, kune kusarerekera kweIrish.
European Political Institutions
ONezvekukosha kwekutengesa mapoinzi anoshandiswa nevatsigiri veLisbon Treaty yaive yekuti yaizobvumira EU kuti ishande zvine hungwaru. Sezvineiwo, Chibvumirano cheLisbon chichabvisa hutungamiriri hwemwedzi mitanhatu huripo uye huchagadza temu yemutungamiri wenyika yemakore maviri nehafu, inogona kudzokororwa kamwe chete, kune mumwe munhu asina chigaro chenyika (Chinyorwa 9). Kunyange mutungamiri achange ari pamusoro penyaya dzenyika, haazosarudzwa nevanhu veEurope, asi neEuropean Commission. Kushanda kwechiyero ichi kwakajeka, sezvo EU isingafanire kunyura mumaroti ehutsinye sedzimba dzesarudzo kana mavhoti enyika.
Chibvumirano cheLisbon chinoedzawo kukwidziridza masangano asiri emutungamiri pamusoro pezvido zvenyika. Inogadzira chinzvimbo chegurukota idzva rekunze, uyo achaita akamiririra European Union. Zvikumbiro zvinopihwa negurukota rezvekunze pachikumbiro cheEuropean Council hazvigone kuvhoterwa neNhengo dzeNyika uye panzvimbo pezvo zvinotenderwa kuburikidza ne "vanokwanisa kuvhota." Nyika dzakaita seIreland hadzizove neimwe sarudzo kunze kwekubvumirana nezvikumbiro izvi kana nyika huru dziri muEU dzikapa mvumo.
Nhengo dzeNyika dzicharasikirwa nevamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika mukati meEurope sezvo Chibvumirano cheLisbon chinoshandura chimiro chazvino cheEuropean Commission, iyo ine basa rekuve mutongi gava pakati penyika dzakasiyana uye kuita semukuru wekushanda kweEuropean Union. Ireland haichazove nekomisheni anogara uye pachinzvimbo chete zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zveEU nyika dzichava nemumiriri paKomisheni. Izvi zvichachinja zvichitenderera apo chimwe chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheEU chichange chisina komisheni wemisangano yemakore mashanu.
Zviitiko zvemukati menyika imwe neimwe zvichatongwa zvakanyanya padanho reEU, sezvo nyika dzeEurope dzichangobvumidzwa "kushandisa hunyanzvi hwadzo kusvika iyo Union isati yashandisa hunyanzvi hwayo." EU ichakwanisawo kutaurira sarudzo nemitemo kune Nhengo dzeNyika munzvimbo dzaimbotongwa nehurumende dzenyika, uye kukwanisa kweNhengo dzeNyika kuvhota mitongo iyi yeEU inobviswa muzita rekushanda. Iyi "yepamusoro-pasi" nzira yekutonga inoita kuti Chinyorwa 32 chiwedzere kunetsa. Chinyorwa chichaona kuti "Mubatanidzwa uchave nemunhu ari pamutemo," izvo zvinozvipa kugona kusaina kuzvibvumirano zvepamutemo zvepasi rose uye zvimwe zvemitemo yekunze. Iri sangano repamutemo richaunza mutsauko mukuru pakati pevanhu vekuEurope nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vekuEurope.
Neoliberal Philosophy uye Corporate Kufurira
Wnepo boka reLibertas nevatauriri vezvemitemo vaityira kuti Chibvumirano cheLisbon chaizotadzisa Ireland kuchengetedza mutero wakaderera weEU wekambani, mapoka anofambira mberi akatariswa pane neoliberal ajenda. Chibvumirano chinoda kuti European Union "iite zvinoenderana nemusimboti wehupfumi hwemusika wakavhurika nemakwikwi emahara" (Chisungo 98) uye kuti kana nyika ikasanyorera kumitemo iyi, "Komisheni inogona kutaura yambiro kuNhengo yeNyika. kunetseka.โ
Kushandiswa kweaya "musika wakasununguka" nheyo dzinowanikwa mukati meChikamu chechitatu, apo EU inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti "makwikwi haana kukanganisa" uye inogona kuona kuti EU ine "kugona kwakasarudzika" mu "kugadzwa kwemitemo yemakwikwi inodiwa kune basa remusika wemukati. " Sekureva kweChikamu 3, "zvese zvinorambidzwa kufamba kwemari pakati peNhengo dzeNyika uye pakati peNhengo dzeNyika nenyika dzechitatu zvinorambidzwa." Chisungo 56 chinosungira EU "kubvisa zvishoma nezvishoma zvirambidzo pakutengeserana kwenyika uye pakudyara kwekunze" uye EU inovimbisa "kubudirira kwekufanana mumatanho ekusununguka." Uyezve, kunze kwerubatsiro rune hunhu hwemagariro, "chero rubatsiro runopiwa neNyika Nhengo kana kuburikidza neHurumende zviwanikwa zvinokanganisa kana kutyisidzira kukanganisa makwikwi nekufarira zvimwe zvinhu, zvichange zvichikanganisa kutengeserana pakati peNhengo dzeNyika hazvienderane nemusika wese. โ (Chinyorwa 188).
Kuitwa kwemisimboti yakadai mukati memusika weEurope kwakonzera kuyedza kubiridzira mamwe mabasa eruzhinji, uye izvi zvaizowedzera kudzikisira mihoro yeEurope. Masevhisi eruzhinji akadai sesimba, zveposvo, kufambiswa kwemashoko, zvekufambisa, uye mvura nehutsanana zvakashandurwa kuti zvibvumire kushambadza kwakawanda muEurope mukati memakore makumi maviri apfuura. European Union ikozvino inotsanangura zviitiko izvi se "masevhisi ehupfumi" kana "sevhisi yezvido zvehupfumi" kwete "mabasa eruzhinji."
Chibvumirano cheLisbon chinounzawo mikana yakawanda yekutengeserana, sezvo Chinyorwa 188c chinongorambidza kuchengetedzwa kwehutano nedzidzo "apo zvibvumirano izvi zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya sangano renyika remabasa akadaro." Hutano nedzidzo zvanga zvisati zvambonzi chikamu chekusimudzira mabasa, asi chinyorwa chino chinobvisa chipingamupinyi ichocho uye chinomanikidza nyika yenhengo kuratidza kuti kutengeswa kwemamwe mapoka ehutano kana dzidzo "hakukanganisi sangano renyika" rerimwe divi. Hazvina kujeka kuti nyika icharatidza sei kuti sangano renyika rinokanganiswa (mitengo yakakwira kune vagari, hutano hwakasiyana-siyana, kusaenzana mumhando yedzidzo, nezvimwewo), izvo zvinoita kuti kushorwa kwehutano nedzidzo kuve kwakaoma.
Chibvumirano cheLisbon chinopa runyoro rwezvivimbiso kune vebhizinesi munharaunda, asi haipe chiyero chakafanana chevimbiso kune hutano hwevanhu kana ichiti nyika dzinofanira "kungofunga" mazinga ebasa, kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu, uye kurwisana nemagariro evanhu. kusabatanidzwa (Chisungo 9). Izvi zvakafanana nekuremekedza mamwe mabasa evanhu, sezvo Chibvumirano chinotaura kuti EU Council "inogona kutora matanho ane chokuita nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu" (Chinyorwa 18). Kunyange kutonga kwakazara kuchipihwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuwiriranisa kwemisimboti mukushanda kwemusika, kuwiriranisa kwemitemo nemirau kunorambidzwa maererano nemapurojekiti emabasa ekuyambuka muganho (Chinyorwa 129) kana hutano hwevanhu (Chinyorwa 176).
Chibvumirano chichaita kuti European Central Bank (ECB) ikwanise kuita nhevedzano yemitemo pasina veruzhinji kana zvematongerwo enyika. Chisungo 108 chinoti ECB "haizotsvaga kana kutora mirairo kubva kuEU masangano, masangano kana chero hurumende." Saka ECB inoshanda nenzira inozvimiririra uye chinangwa chayo chikuru "chichava chekuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemitengo" uye "kuita zvinoenderana nemusimboti wehupfumi hwemusika wakavhurika nemakwikwi emusika wakasununguka, uchifarira kugovaniswa kwakanaka kwezvinhu." Saka ECB inoshanda kuderedza inflation, pasina hanya nemazinga emabasa uye kuderedza huwandu hwemari inoshandiswa nehurumende. Aya marongero ane hushamwari hwemakambani anogadzwa nekurasikirwa kwezvakanaka, izvo zvinoita kuti kusavimba kwakapararira kuve nyore kunzwisisa.
Maitiro kune Kurambwa kweChibvumirano cheLisbon
Mchero nyaya dzemusango dzakatenderedzwa nguva pfupi mushure mekuramba kweIrish Chibvumirano. Nharo dzakataura kuti Ireland inogona kudzingwa muEU kana kuti EU inogona kuenderera pasina Ireland zvese hazvina musoro, sezvo zvinyorwa zviri mukati meChibvumirano cheEuropean Union zvinoratidza pachena kuti hapana chimwe cheizvi chinogoneka. Iyo Hapana mhedzisiro yakarongedzwa sekutyisidzira kubudirira kweIrish uye nyasha uye VaNo-vhoti vakatsanangurwa sekutyisidzira kuIreland. Bepanhau repamusoro rekutengesa reIreland, the Independent yeIrish, yakabudisa nyaya yaiva papeji yokutanga yaiti inotaura zvakabuda muongororo yakaitwa neEuropean Commission, iyo inonzi yakaratidza kuti chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvakaita kuti vanhu vokuIreland varambe Chibvumirano ichi chaiva โnemhaka yokudirana kukuru kwevanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika.โ Apo zvakawanwa zvakakwana zvenzvero zvakazobudiswa pakupedzisira, pazvikonzero 14 zvokuvhota Aiwa, โKudzivisa kudirana kwavatamiโ kwakaumba 1 muzana bedzi yezvikonzero zvakapiwa navanhu 2,000 XNUMX vakabvunzurudzwa.
Kurwiswa kwevezvenhau kwakateverwa nemaitiro anozvidza mumativi ezvematongerwo enyika eEurope. Kunyangwe Eamonn Gilmore, mutungamiri weLabour Party, achitaura kuti "Lisbon yafa," zviri pachena kuti Europe haizogamuchire kurambwa kweIrish kweChibvumirano. Mutungamiri weEuropean Commission, Josรฉ Manuel Barroso, akati kubvumidzwa kweChibvumirano cheLisbon kunofanirwa kuenderera mberi. Axel Schรคfer, mutungamiri webato reSPD muGermany, akati, "Hapana imwe Europe kunze kwechibvumirano ichi. Neruremekedzo rwose rwevhoti yeIrish, hatigoni kubvumira ruzhinji rukuru rweEurope kunyengerwa nevashoma vevashoma vevashoma. "
Kuratidzira kwaChikunguru panguva yekushanya kwemutungamiri weFrance |
Schรคfer, pamwe chete nevamwe vatungamiri vezvematongerwo enyika vekuEurope, vanoedza kuronga mhedzisiro yacho semuenzaniso we "vaIrish vane cheeky" vasingaratidzi kubatana neEurope, vachiregeredza chokwadi chekuti hapana mumwe muvhoti weEurope akabvumidzwa kutaura zvaanofunga nezvenyaya iyi. Sarudzo dzakatorwa muEurope yese dzakaratidza kuti dzimwe nyika dzingangoramba Chibvumirano cheLisbon. Kana paive nechero chiitiko chekuti "vashoma vevashoma" vachinyepera chero munhu, zvingave zvakanyatsorurama kuona vashoma vevanamuzvinabhizinesi nevezvematongerwo enyika vakanyora Chibvumirano sevanyengeri.
Hurongwa hweEurope hwazvino mukuita kwayo kuvhoti yeIrish ndeyekutsvaga kutenderwa nedzimwe nyika makumi maviri nenhanhatu dzemuEurope kuitira kuti zviite kudzvanyirira vavhoti veIrish pamberi pereferendamu yechipiri. Hapana kupokana kuti EU ichaudza Ireland kuti ivhote kaviri, uye panguva ino, maIrish anotarisirwa kuvhota sezvavanoudzwa neveEuropean elite. Mishumo yave kutouya yekuti hurumende yeIreland ichatsvaga vimbiso pamusoro pemitero, kusarerekera, uye kubvisa pamuviri. Zvinogoneka zvakare kuti ongororo ichaitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti nhengo yese yeNyika ine komisheni zvachose. Hapana kana imwe yeidzi shanduko ichagadzirisa zvakanyanya kunetseka uye zvisina demokrasi zvepakutanga Lisbon Treaty.
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Sean Dunne nguva pfupi yadarika akapedza PhD paTrinity College Dublin uye parizvino ari kushanda pabhuku nezve indasitiri yemvura yemabhodhoro muIreland. Mifananidzo inobva kuIrish Indymedia - www.indymedia.ie.