Ndanga ndichiverenga bhuku reEU nhasi, ndinofunga yaive Frankfurter Rundschau, apo chinyorwa chinoda kuziva chakandikwezva. Makurukota ekudzivirira eEuropean ari kusangana muguta reGerman reWiesbaden kuzokurukura nezve "State Building muWestern Balkans". Javier Solana achange aripo, pamwe naMukuru Mukuru Munyori Mukuru weNATO. Dambudziko guru ravachasangana naro nevarume veEurope nderokuti "matambudziko ekuvaka nyika muWestern Balkan". Kunyangwe izvo zvinonzi nhaurirano pamusoro pekuzvimiririra kweKosovo dzichiri kuenderera mberi- idzo chaidzo pakati peEurope, US, neRussia, uye dzakasiana pakati pevakoloni veSerbia neKosovo- imwe yenzvimbo dzekukurukurirana ndeye kuronga kwakazvimirira. Kosovo. Pano tinosangana netsanangudzo itsva yezvinorehwa nenhaurirano muEurope yakabudirira: chinangwa chekukurukurirana pakati pe "marudzi maduku" ndechekutaurirana kusvikira wasvika pachisarudzo chakatoitwa neanokosha euro-nations. Zvinoitawo sekunge kuchave nemasoja zviuru zviviri nemazana mashanu muBosnia pachinzvimbo che2,500. Zvakanaka izvo. Asi chinyorwa chinopera nekufungidzira kwakashata: "nguva dzakaoma dzechivako chehurumende kumadokero kweBalkan dziri mberi".
Ndinofunga kuti ndinonzwisisa chikamu cheiyo geography. Iro zita rekuti "Western Balkans" ndiyo ichangoburwa yekuyedza kutsausa zvirevo zvehupanduki zvehukoloni hweiyi peninsula ine misikanzwa. Kutumidza zita reBalkans kune nhoroondo refu uye inonakidza. Kubva kuAustro-Hungarian balkanologists kuenda kuState Department nyanzvi dzemazuva ano, kubva kuSouth East Europe kuenda kuWestern Balkan, pfungwa yacho yaigara yakafanana: kudhiza maBalkan, nechinangwa icho mutauro unonyanya kurerekera unobatsira. Mutungamiri weUnited States Clinton akanyatsojeka pamusoro pekuti "Europe haina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekuunza nzvimbo yose yeSouth-East Europe mumhuri yeEurope? uye kusvibisa maBalkan kamwe chete zvachoseโ- kunyangwe izvi zvichitora "kubhomba" mahuckers". (Richard Holbrooke)
Asi chii chinonzi "kuvaka-nyika"? Izvi zvinoita kunge, kwandiri zvirinani, pfungwa itsva. Mune chimwezve chinyorwa, mune imwezve magazini yeEU, ndakaona kuti hunyanzvi hwekuvaka nyika hahugoneki kubva kuโkutonga kwakanakaโ: Zvinosanganisira โโฆutongi hwakanaka hunoenderana nemutemo, kodzero dzevanhu, uye rusununguko rwevanhu; hupfumi hwemusika wakasununguka; demokrasi yeruzhinji; uye pamusoro pezvose, shanduko yemagariro nemagariro uye kugamuchirwa kwehunhu hutsva nemabasa mubhodhi roseโ. Asi shanduko "haina kukwana". Izvo "Western Balkans" inoda shanduko. Shanduko i "nzira yakazara", maitiro "anofanirwa kukanganisa mafambiro ese ehupenyu, kwete mamwe maitiro akasindimara ekare". Mhedzisiro yeshanduko ndeye "pfungwa yekutonga kwakanaka uye nzanga yakanaka". Chinokosha chenzanga yakanaka "musika wakasununguka uye demokrasi yakawanda". Motokari inoenda kunzanga yakanaka isangano revanhu. Veruzhinji ndevemunhu wese anobvuma kuterera nharaunda dzepasi rose. Veruzhinji vanofanira kudzidziswa nenyika dzepasi rose. Nyika dzepasi rose ndedzemunhu wese "kusanganisira hurumende, masangano epasi rose, masangano asiri ehurumende, zvirongwa zvebudiriro nerubatsiro, nezvimwewo". - uyo "akatarisana nedambudziko rekuzvishandura zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nenyika dzakasiyana siyana shanduko." Kuti hurongwa uhu hushande tinoda nyika yakasimba: โnepo hunyanzvi hwepasi rose pakuvaka nyika hwakasimbiswaโฆ ruzivo rwenyika dziri mushanduko runoratidza kuti nyika yakasimba yakakosha mukubudirira kwechirongwa cherusununguko-rwedemokrasi munyika dzichiri kusimukira, sezvakataurwa naFrancis Fukuyama mubhuku rake reState Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century, "mukuongorora kwekupedzisira nyika chete ndiyo inogona kuunza kuchengetedzwa uye huwandu hwemabasa eruzhinji kubva kuhutano kusvika kudzidzo uye kuve nemhosva yekuputsika kwemutemo uye. order." Munyori wechinyorwa chino, mugadziri wehurumende Pajic, akashanda sechipangamazano mukuru wezvemitemo kuhofisi yeInternational Crisis Group yeBosnia, anofarira Tolstoy: โmutongo wekutanga waAnna Karenina ungashanda kuBosnia: โMhuri dzese dzinofara dzakafanana. , asi mhuri isingafari haifariri fashoni yayo pachayo.โ Anoenderera mberi nekubvunza kuti: โChii chinoita kuti Bosnia isiyane uye isafare?โ Munhu wekuzvarwa asina zivo angafunga kuti zvine chekuita nekuvapo kwemauto anogara munyika yake. Asi izvi zviri nyore kutsanangura. Iwe unogona kupedzisira wave kunzi muchengeti wezano neThe Guardian.
Sekureva kwaIan Williams kubva kuThe Guardian, mhinduro yekuvaka yeBosnia ndeyekubatanidzwa. Kana kubatanidzwa kuri purojekiti yekuvaka nyika yeBosnia, yeKosovo i "kuzvimirira kunotungamirirwa". Kosovo, zvinova maererano naTimothy Garton Ash, kwete pasi pekugara asi munzvimbo ye limbo (sic), inoda kuzvimiririra, kwete nekuti izvi zviri pamutemo kana zviri pamutemo, asi, izvi zvinoenderana nemugadziri wehurumende Pedy Ashdown (paBBC. ), nokuda kwezvikonzero zvetsika, sezvo "Serbia yakarasikirwa nekodzero dzekutonga Kosovo". Nzira yakanakisa, anodaro Garton Ash, kubvuma chirongwa cheAhtisaari icho vese vekuSerb neAlbania vanoramba (Kosovo Roma hapana chavanobvunzwa) : "saka Martti Ahtisaari, mumiriri wemunyori mukuru weUN nezveramangwana reKosovo, auya seti inokatyamadza yemazano ekubva kunze kwe limbo. Urongwa hwake hunogona kusashandisa izwi rekuti kuzvimirira, asi munhu wese anonzwisisa kuti zvaizopa Kosovo rusununguko. Nekudaro, rusununguko urwu rwaizotariswa uye kudzvinyirirwa neanonzi International Civilian Representative, uye achitsigirwa nevemauto epasi rose. Revolution icharatidzwa paterevhizheni, kusununguka kutariswa, uye zvese zvichashambadzirwa (muThe Guardian!)
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekunetseka uye kutariswa kwakapararira kwevezvenhau venzvimbo yangu ine dambudziko mutongo uchangobva kuitwa weInternational Court on Justice (ICJ) wekuti Serbia (vatorwa ivavo!) "Kutonga kusingadaviriki" uku kwakakonzera kukatyamadzwa pakati pevemadokero humanists. Izvi zvinobva muchikamu chemupepeti wenhau cheChicago Tribune munguva pfupi yapfuura: โMumutongo wedare renyika dzakawanda, Serbia yanzvenga chiseko chokuuraya rudzi uye yakasunungurwa pamutoro wezvemari nokuda kwokuuraya kwacho. Dare harina kuregedza Serbia pamutoro wezvematongerwo enyika netsika, asi mutongo wayo unoodza mwoyo. Vazhinji vekuSerb vari, uye vacharamba, mukuramba nezvehutsinye hwakaitwa pamusuwo wavo. " Sekureva kweaimbova purezidhendi weInternational Crime Tribunal yeaimbova Yugoslavia, mugadziri wehurumende Antonio Cassesse, muchinyorwa chake cheItaly La Republica uku "kupondwa kwepamutemo". Ngatinzwei kubva kune mugadziri wezvivakwa wehurumende Ian Williams zvakare: โTichitarisa maitiro evezvematongerwo enyika veSerb neavo vanovavhotera, panongova nemukana mutete wekubvuma, tisingarevi kupfidza, kubva muchikamu chikuru chinoshungurudza chevagariโฆ. ICJ mutongo we "basa reSerbia mukupondwa kwerudzi rweBosnia raive, sekuratidzwa kwakasiyana siyana pane ino saiti, kuvhiringa. Kuda kwaro kwehumbowo hwemirairo yakajeka kubva kuBelgrade kune vaiti ve "zviito zvekuuraya rudzi", zvingadai zvakasunungura Adolf Hitler kubva kuHolocaust - kunyangwe iyo yakafuridzira musangano wekuuraya rudzi".
Mukupedzisa kwe Guardian musings pamusoro pekuda kwekusununguka kweKosovo, mugadziri wehurumende Timothy Garton Ash anotaura maonero anofadza:
โKosovo zvinhu zvakawanda kuvanhu vakawandaโฆ.Ndiudze Kosovo yako uye ndichakuudza kuti ndiwe aniโฆChero chingava chii kana kuti chaive chii, Kosovo nhasi idambudziko diki asi rakakosha kunharaunda dzepasi rose uye kunyanya EUโฆ EU pari zvino inoda kuve yakajeka, yakabatana, ine simba uye ine hurongwa - zvinhu zvina zvayaiwanzotadza kuita kunze kwemiganhu yayo. kunyange kuvaka-nyika, asi nhengo-nyika-kuvakaโฆNekuti ipapo chete pachava nerunyararo muBalkan neEurope ichange yakasununguka uye yakasununguka. Payave kusvika pakuzvarwa kwayo kwemakumi mashanu munaKurume, nharaunda yezvehupfumi yeEurope yakava mubatanidzwa ine nyaya inoshamisa yekutaura nezvekupararira kwerunyararo, rusununguko uye hutongi hwemutemo. "
Hunhu hweEurope hwakaoma. Ndichangobva kudzidza kuti kuvaka-nyika chii, uye ikozvino ndave kubata pfungwa dzekuvaka nyika uye nhengo-nyika-kuvaka. Asi, kusiyana neGarton Ash, ini handitendi kuti mhinduro ndeyekuita kuti maBalkan apinde muEurope. Zvakasiyana, ndinofunga kuti tinofanira kubvisa Europe kubva kuBalkan. Kukurumidza kukuru. Vanhu veBalkan vanofanirwa kuwana simba uye kutungamira kwezvematongerwo enyika matsva kune mamwe maBalkan. Inofanirwa kunge iri zvematongerwo enyika yemubatanidzwa weBalkan, nzanga inobatanidzwa yakavakwa kubva pasi zvichikwira, kuburikidza nekurwisana kwekusika kwekuziva kwegutsaruzhinji, kuedza kwekudyidzana kwemagariro evanhu, uye maitiro anopikisa chiremera anokunda fungidziro dzezvematongerwo enyika dzevanhu vese. mudunhu. Imatongerwo enyika inotaura zvisina kujeka kuEuropean Union, uye inyika-vagadziri muBosnia neKosovo: bvisa gehena kubva pano.
* Andrej Grubacic muongorori wezvakaitika kare anoshanda panhoroondo yevanhu vekuBalkan. Anogona kusvikwa pa [email inodzivirirwa]