Steve Shalom. The New York Times yakaburitsa nyaya muna Kukadzi 25 naJuan Forero yakanzi "Vapanduki veColombia Vanoparadza Tariro Yerunyararo." Zvimwe unogona kupindura mimwe yemibvunzo inomutswa nenyaya yacho.
Rega nditange, zvisinei, nekubvunza nezve chirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika uye tsika dzeboka remagandanga, Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Latin America ine mamwe mafambiro ehugandanga, semaZapatista muChiapas, Mexico, anga ari kurudziro kune vanosiya North America, uye vamwe, seShining Path muPeru, vanoshorwa zvakasimba neNorth America vanosiya. Ungaisa kupi FARC pane inoenderera mberi?
Justin Podur. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa midzi yeFARC. FARC ine mabviro ayo mumasangano evarimi anozvidzivirira. Vakakura kubva mukurwira kurarama, vachipesana nekupinda kwehurumende uye vachipesana nemamercenaries avo varidzi vemba vaizohaya kuti vatadze nekuvauraya. Iyo mubatanidzwa wehurumende-mercenary wakashanduka kuita mauto eparamilitary anhasi, uye mapoka evarimi ekuzvidzivirira akashanduka kuita mhirizhonga yehugandanga.
Ndiro richiri hwaro hweFARC, ndinofunga - varimi vari kurwira kurarama. Chero mhinduro yekukakavadzana inofanirwa kutarisana nemubvunzo uyu: kana vanhu vasina sarudzo kunze kwekurwa nemaoko kuti vararame, saka vacharwa nemaoko kuti vapone.
Pane chimwe chinhu munhoroondo yeColombia chine basa pano. Kusimba kwandabva kutaura kunoreva kuti kwave kune mapoka akawanda emagandanga munhoroondo yeColombia - uye kunyange iye zvino kune zvinopfuura FARC chete; pane ELN semuenzaniso. Mapoka echigandanga, kusanganisira FARC, akaedza "kuenda zviri pamutemo," uye kutsvaga shanduko kuburikidza nezvematongerwo enyika kwete zvemauto.
Uye nhoroondo, kana vakabvisa zvombo uye kupinda munharaunda yeruzhinji nenzira iyoyo, vakaparadzwa zvakarongeka nekuurayiwa. Ndizvo zvakaitika kuFARC kumakore ekuma1980 pavakaumba bato rezvematongerwo enyika, Union Patriotica.
Vanenge 3,000 XNUMX vevaratidziri vezvematongerwo enyika vavakazivisa vakapondwa nemauto, mapurisa, uye mauto. Unogona kufungidzira migumisiro iyo izvi zvingava nazvo paboka remagandanga. Munhu wese aida kuyedza zvematongerwo enyika akaurayiwa, zvichiratidza vanhu vaiti hapana sarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika.
Tataura izvozvo, zvakakosha kutaura kuti, zvisinei neizvi, pane - panofanira kuva - sarudzo yezvematongerwo enyika. Kutaura kuti hapana zvinoreva kuti kurwisana kusina pfuti kwevarimi mubato reโnharaunda dzerunyararoโ, maAfro-Colombian vari kunetsekana kuramba vari munzvimbo dzavo, zvizvarwa zvemo, mapoka evakadzi eBarrancabermeja, vemubatanidzwa vese. pamusoro penyika, vari kurwa pasina. Ini ndinofunga kuti ndiyo yakaipisisa mhando yekusagadzikana kwavari uye kuColombia.
Masangano akazvimirira ega aya ari kurwira kodzero nekururamisira, uye chimiro cheFARC kwavari chave chichiodza mwoyo. FARC yakaponda vatungamiri vemasangano aya. Chinhu chakaipa kwazvo. Chinhu chimwe kuve bato rine zvombo nekuti sarudzo dzese dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakavharwa; ndechimwe chinhu kuvhara sarudzo idzodzo dzezvematongerwo enyika iwe pachako.
Zvangu pachangu ndezvekutsigira masangano akazvimirira ega aya. Mamovements ndiwo anoita mafambiro, ane pfuti kana asina pfuti. Kusvika pamwero wekuti FARC inodzivirira vanhu, inodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu, inorwira kururamisira kwevanhu, ivo vanofanirwa kutsigirwa. Kana vane chekuita nekuuraya vanhu nekutyora kodzero dzevanhu, vanofanirwa kushorwa uye kurwisana nenzira imwechete yatingarwisana nayo nenyika inodzvinyirira. Uye kana FARC yaizohwina masimba ehurumende nekuramba kodzero dzevanhu dzakakosha, vakasiya vakazvimirira vaizofanirawo kurwisa izvi. "
Ziva kuti kushoropodza kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu nechikwata chevapanduki hakuna kufanana nekudaidzira kupindira kweanotyora kodzero dzevanhu (sehurumende yeUS kana yeColombia) kuparadza hupanduki.
Q. Chinyorwa cheThe Times chinopomera FARC yakundikana kushandisa kutonga kwayo kwenzvimbo isina mauto kuratidza zvirevo zvezvematongerwo enyika, semuenzaniso, kugadzira zvirongwa zvekurima. Iyi imhosva chaiyo here? Kana chiri chokwadi, unotsanangura sei kukundikana uku?
A. Pane mhinduro dzinopikisana. Paunofunga kuti mune imwe nzvimbo yeColombia kusarangwa ndeye 97% - zvinoreva kuti 97% yemhosva dzechisimba dzinoenda dzisina kurangwa - kunyange kugadzira hurongwa hwemitemo yenguva dzose, mutero, nezvimwewo, sezvakaitwa neFARC, kubudirira.
Nezvezvirongwa zvekurima, ngatitorei maviri. Ngatitorei kuvandudzwa kwevhu nekutsiviwa kwezvirimwa. Pakuvandudzwa kwevhu, ndinofunga kuti kune mienzaniso iri nani pane iyo FARC.
Somuenzaniso, tora zvizvarwa zvokuCauca. Ziva kuti chinyorwa cheNYT hachina kutaura nezve zvizvarwa zveCauca. Izvi zvinonyadzisa, nekuti mumakore makumi matatu apfuura vakaita shanduko yevhu yakabudirira kwazvo muColombia. Vakaita izvi pasinei nemhirizhonga yemauto yakauraya zviuru zvavo, pasinei nemhirizhonga yehurumende, pasinei nemakadhi ose akarongedzerwa kwavari. Vakangotorazve ivhu, ndokubatirira pariri zvisinei nekudzvanyirirwa kwakauya, kusvika vakuru vakuru vataurirana.
Ndiri kuita pfungwa yekutaura izvi nekuti nyaya idzi dzakakosha senge idzo dzinoitika kugadzira iyo NYT.
Zvakadini nekuchinja kwechirimwa? Sekuziva kwangu, FARC haisati yaita nhamburiko huru yekumisikidza zvirongwa kuitira kuti varimi vakure chimwe chinhu chisiri coca. Ngatitii vaida kudaro. Ini ndakanga ndisiri munzvimbo dzinodzorwa neFARC pandakanga ndiri kuColombia, asi ndakanzwa kubva kune vakawanda varimi vanorima coca vakati vaisada kurima. Chii chaizotora kuti vakwanise kurima chimwe chinhu - mabhanana, yucca, kofi, chero chii? Vaizofanira kuwana chouviri pairi.
Uye kugona ikoko hakusi mumaoko avo, uye hakusi mumaoko eFARC - iri mumaoko emusika wepasi rose nekutsinhana kwezvinhu, uye mumaoko emabhizinesi ezvekurima, masangano ezvemari epasi rose, uye hurumende dzinochengetedza musika iwoyo uye kugadzira. chokwadi chekuti varimi vekuColombia havana imwe nzira kunze kwemusika iwoyo.
Uye zvakare kune nzira dzekubuda nazvo - kune boka rose remubatanidzwa revarimi riri kuyedza kuronga (yakazvimirira, yehurumende uye yehupanduki) yekuvandudza ivhu uye nekuzvimiririra, kwakasiyana, kurima kwakasimba, bato iro yakatarisanawo nemhirizhonga inotyisa yemauto.
Asi kune varimi, kukwikwidzana neIMF, WB, musika pachawo, pamwe nekupfurwa kwemhepo neUnited States, pamwe nemhirizhonga yemauto, zvinoita kuti zviome kumisa chero zvirongwa zvekurima.
Nezve nzira yekuzvitsanangura nayo, ndaizopa mhosva yepasi rose capitalism! Nenzira yakatsanangurwa pamusoro, kuti hupfumi hwepasi rose hwakagadzirirwa kutora kutonga pamusoro pehupenyu hwevarimi kure nemurombo.
Asi nhoroondo yeColombia, uye nhoroondo yehondo, ine basa zvakare. Makore makumi mashanu ehondo ine hutsinye kurwisa kurwiswa kwakatsigirwa neUS kwakashandura iyo FARC, yekuda, kuita sangano rinonyanya kunetseka nekurwa hondo. Vakaita zvirongwa zvemagariro uye zvekurima, asi izvo zvakaiswa pasi pezvinodiwa zvehondo.
Q. Chinyorwa cheThe Times chinoenderera mberi ichipomera vakuru veFARC kuita zvishoma kubvisa mishumo yekuponda uye kukura kwekoka. Uye inoti vatsoropodzi vakaita seHuman Rights Watch vakashoropodzwa neFARC sezvidhori zveWashington. Ichokwadi here ichi?
A. Ndinofunga nyaya yekukura kwekoka yandataura. Coca inorimwa kwese kwese, kwete munzvimbo isina mauto chete, uye imhaka yekuti coca inogona kuwana varimi mari yekurarama uye zvimwe zvinhu hazvigone. Iyo FARC haibatanidzi mukutengesa zvinodhaka nenzira iyo AUC yeparamilitary - mutungamiri wemauto, Carlos Castaรยฑo, akabvuma paterevhizheni kuti AUC inowana makumi manomwe muzana emari yayo kubva mukutengesa zvinodhaka (uye ndiani anoziva kuti yakawanda sei imwe 70% inobva kuUS). Kana dziri mhondi, FARC yaita humhondi.
Ndakanga ndisati ndanzwa kuti FARC yakanga yashora HRW. Chirevo chekupedzisira cheHRW chandakaverenga nezve Colombia, zvakadaro, yainzi "Chikamu chechitanhatu" uye yaive nezve mauto-paramilitary link muColombia. Musoro unoreva chokwadi chekuti mauto eColombia ane zvikamu zvishanu, uye paramilitary AUC inofungidzirwa nevazhinji veColombia sechikamu chechitanhatu.
Ziva kuti iyo report haina kudomwa nechinyorwa cheNYT. Kubva muna Gumiguru 2001 uye yakanaka kwazvo. Zvinoita sekuti kana HRW ikaunzawo kutariswa kwekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakaitwa neFARC, uhwu humbowo hwekuti hurongwa hweHRW ikodzero dzevanhu, zvisinei nekuti ndiani ari kudzityora. Handifungi kuti imbwa yeWashington.
Q. Nyaya huru yechinyorwa ndeyekuti FARC ndiyo ine chekuita nekuparara kwenhaurirano dzerunyararo. Kunyangwe FARC ichiti ichiri kufarira nhaurirano, "vanhu vashoma vanoita sevanotenda izvi." Uye chikonzero chekukurumidza kupera kwenhaurirano kwakanzi ndeye FARC kubira ndege uye kupamba senator. Nei hurukuro dzacho dzakaparara?
A. Handifungi kuti kupambwa kweTurbay nekupambwa ndicho chikonzero. Kana mukandiregerera ndichitora chinyorwa chepakutanga chandakanyora: โMuhuswa hwekupondwa kwevatsigiri vemubatanidzwa uye kupondwa kwevarombo nemauto, kupambwa kwevaColombia vepakati uye, hongu, kupondwa kwevaratidziri neFARC, zviri pachena. mubvunzo kuti sei tsono iyi yakasarudzwa kuti ndiyo yekupedzisira."
Muchokwadi ini ndinofunga zvine chekuita nekuchinja kunoonekwa mukuyerwa kwemauto nehurumende dzeUS neColombian. Vanoti FARC yakashandisa nguva yenhaurirano kuyedza kusimbaradza mauto avo. Ndizvo chaizvo, uye chokwadi. Asi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitwa neUS neColombia zvakare.
Munguva yenhaurirano, US yaitumira maherikoputa, kudzidzisa vatyairi vendege, kudzidzisa uye kupa "counter-narcotics" mabheti, uye zvikamu zvinopfungaira zveColombia. Iye zvino mari kubva kuChirongwa cheColombia yakabviswa. Iyo helikopta yakagadzirira, mabheti akadzidziswa, uye US yakatoenderera mberi neAndean Initiative.
Vakuru veUS vane chokwadi nezvezvirongwa zvavo. Vanoda kuenda kuhondo yekurwisa mhirizhonga. Hondo yehugandanga inopa chikonzero, uye zvivakwa zvemauto zviripo ikozvino. Pasina mwedzi wapfuura hurumende yakatyisidzira kumisa nhaurirano dzerunyararo. Ndinofunga kuti zvichaitika, uye munguva pfupi, chero chii chakaitwa neFARC.