Kwemakore akawanda, vanhu vekuAmerica vane hanya nezveutano vainyanya kushandisa majarini sechinhu chakanaka chinotsiva bota rinovhara arteri. Pave paya ndipo pakazoti tsvakiridzo yakazojekesa mhedzisiro yemafuta akasarudzika ehydrogenated mumajarini, aine mhedzisiro yakadai seyakanyanya kuitika kwechirwere chemoyo.
Kuisa chivimbo chedu mune dzimwe nzira dzenhema kunogona kuva nengozi kumiviri yedu. Uye zvemuviri zvematongerwo enyika.
Kwemakore mazhinji, zvimiro zveiyo highbrow American media yekudya zvinosanganisira NPR News uye New York Times. Zvese zviri zviviri zvitoro zvakakura uye zvinoita senge erudite, mukupesana neakapfupikiswa mafomu enhau. Uye nekuchengetedza kutenderera kwakapararira munhau, NPR neTimes zvinokwezva vateereri nevaverengi vanosarudza kutapa nhau pasina kutsvedza chaiko.
Zvichangobva kuitika, zvisinei, zvinowedzera humbowo kuhumbowo hwokuti kwaizova kusachenjera kuva nokutenda munhau dzinobudiswa neNPR kana kuti New York Times.
Ngano ye "yakasununguka" National Public Radio yakatambura kurova kukuru. Mazuva apfuura, boka rekuona midhiya FAIR (kwandiri shamwari) rakaburitsa ongororo yakadzama yeNPR ichiratidza kuti network yenhau dzese inosendamira kurudyi. Mapepa acho akawandisa uye anoparadza.
Funga nezvechinhu chakakosha chetsvagiridzo:
* “Ongororo yeFAIR yakarekodha masosi ega ega epamhepo akataurwa muna Chikumi 2003 panhau ina dzeNational Public Radio: 'Zvinhu Zvese Zvinofungwa,' 'Morning Edition,' 'Weekend Edition Saturday' uye 'Weekend Edition Svondo.' …
* Zvakawanikwa pakuburitswa kwenhau zvinoramba zvichiramba zvichinzi NPR inetiweki yakasununguka. “Zvisinei nekuwanda kwezvichemo zvakadaro, humbowo hushoma hwakambopihwa hwekusarerekera kuruboshwe kuNPR, uye ongororo yazvino yeFAIR haiutsigire. Tichitarisa kune vanotora divi - kusanganisira vakuru vehurumende, vakuru vebato, vashandi vemushandirapamwe uye vanachipangamazano - maRepublicans vakapfuura maDemocrats nevanopfuura 3 kusvika 2 (61 muzana kusvika 38 muzana).
* Migumisiro mitsva inoenderana neongororo yapfuura yeFAIR, yakabudiswa muna 1993. Kare ikako, Republican tilt in sourcing yakataurwawo kuti: “Ruzhinji rwemaRepublican sources apo GOP inodzora White House neCongress zvingasashamisa, asi. MaRepublican akabata mupendero wakafanana kunyange mudiki zvishoma (57 muzana kusvika 42 muzana) muna 1993, apo Clinton aive mutungamiri uye maDemocrats aidzora dzimba mbiri dzeCongress."
Zuva rega rega, mamirioni eAmerica anoteerera NPR Nhau - uye vazhinji vanovimba nayo seyakaenzana sosi yeruzivo uye kuongorora. Saizvozvo, mamirioni avanhu ane tsika yekuvimba neNew York Times zuva rega rega, vangave vari kuverenga bepanhau pacharo kana Times news service zvinyorwa zvinobuda mumapepa emazuva ese munyika.
Musi waChivabvu 26 - gore nehafu mushure mekushambadza zvinyorwa zvepeji rekutanga izvo zvakasimudzira kukurumidza kuenda kuIraq - New York Times yakadhinda 14-ndima "Kubva kune Vapepeti" chinyorwa icho chakazobvuma kuti pane chakakanganisika nekuvhara. . Asi chinyorwa chitsva chisina kujairika, chinobuda pasi pemusoro wenyaya "The Times neIraq," chakaratidza kuti vapepeti vepamusoro pabepanhau vachiri kuramba kutarisana nebasa rayo rakakosha mukufambisa hurongwa hwehondo.
The Times semi-apology inonyanya kuzviruramisa pane kuzvishora. Kuongorora peji-rimwe raDecember 2001 chinyorwa chakaburitsa ngano pamusoro pezvivakwa zvebiology, makemikari uye zvombo zvenyukireya muIraq, chinyorwa chevapepeti chinoti "panyaya iyi zvinoita sekunge isu, pamwe nehutungamiriri, takapinzwa." Inzwi rimwe chetero rinoenderana nememo yemukati kuThe Times room kubva kumupepeti mukuru webepa, Bill Keller, muna Chivabvu 26: “Chinangwa chegwaro [rakaburitswa] kubvuma kuti isu, sevazhinji vevakwikwidzi vedu nevakuru vakuru vazhinji muWashington. , vakatsauswa pane dzinoverengeka nyaya nevazivisi vekuIraq vaitaura zvisirizvo.
Asi munzira dzakawanda vapepeti veTimes havana "kutorwa" kana "kutsauswa" sezvakaitwa nevakuru veBush. Vaida kuridza hwamanda zvavakaudzwa nemamwe manyuko asina chokwadi, uye vakapfuurira saizvozvo. Kune vaverengi veTimes, izvo zvaireva disinformation - pachinzvimbo chechirongwa chehondo - yakapihwa papeji yekutanga, nguva nenguva, muchimiro chehutori venhau.
Memo yemukati yaKeller inotsanangura kuti chinyorwa chevapepeti "hachisi kuedza kutsvaga mbudzi kana kupomera vatori venhau kusaziva panguva iyoyo zvatinoziva." Chirevo chacho chainzvenga nzvenga. Chirevo chakabva kuFAIR, chakatumirwa muchikamu che "Media Views" chewebhusaiti yayo, chakataura kuti: "Kana Keller achifunga kuti dambudziko nekutaura kwaJudith Miller kwaive kushomeka kwake kwete kutadza kuita zvekupokana kwenhau, zviri pachena kuti haana kudzidza zvakawanda kubva kune iyi fiasco. Anotsanangura kudhindwa kwechinyorwa chemupepeti 'sekudada kwenhau' - sekunge chinyorwa chinofanira kudada nekubvuma zvikanganiso zvakakura izvo zvave zvichitaurwa nevamwe vanhu kwerinopfuura gore.
Asina kudomwa nezita mutsamba yevapepeti veTimes ndiJudith Miller, mutori wenhau akanyora kana kunyora pamwe chete zvinyorwa zvina zvezvitanhatu zvakasarudzwa sezvisina kunaka. Miller kazhinji aisaita kuti vaverengi vake vazive kuti aivimba nePentagon's chipfuyo chekuIraq, Ahmad Chalabi.
Tardy neanopfuura gore, chinyorwa che semi-mea-culpa chakaitwa nevapepeti veTimes - asi vachitadza kupa tsananguro yakajeka yebasa raChalabi sechinhu chisingaperi chenyaya dzehondo dzaMiller - chakabuda svondo mushure mekunge hurumende yeUS yapandukira pachena uye pachena. kutapwa kwayo mubatsiri Chalabi. Ipapo ndipo paive nevapepeti vepamusoro veNew York Times vakada kutendeuka pachena uye pachena vachipokana nenyaya dzinokosha dzeTimes dzakarukwa naChalabi-Miller duo.
Zvakawanda zvinoburitsa kupfuura zvavaida, chinyorwa chevapepeti chakadzokorora kubatanidza masangano maviri - New York Times uye hurumende yeUS - sekunge vaive mune imwe mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana panguva yekuenda kuhondo. Zvikonzero zvevaviri ava zvainzwika zvakafanana. Saka, vapepeti ve<em>Times vakakarakadza kuti ivo, pamwe chete navakuru vakuru muWashington, vakanga vanyajambwa panzvimbo pokuva vapari vemhosva: “Vatungamiriri vehurumende zvino vanobvuma kuti dzimwe nguva vaiwana mashoko asiriwo kubva kuaya manyuko okutapwa. Ndizvo zvakaitawo masangano mazhinji enhau - kunyanya, uyu. "
Nepo Chinyorwa chaMay 26 "Kubva kune Vapepeti" chakatora nhanho yekumisikidza rekodhi, yakazviita ichisiya basa. Pane kumwe kufananidzira mune chokwadi chekuti - kusiyana neasingadzivirirwe peji-peji Times nyaya dzavakatsoropodza - chinyorwa chevapepeti chakaonekwa kumashure papeji A-10.
Chokwadi chinotyisa, chisati chabvumwa neNew York Times, ndechekuti bepanhau harina "kuwira paruzivo rwenhema" sekusvetuka-svetuka nekuda kwaro. Uye hapana huwandu hwekuzviongorora, hwechokwadi kana neimwe nzira, hunogona kugadzirisa kuuraya muIraq kwakafambiswa neTimes.
Norman Solomon munyori pamwe chete, nemunyori wekune dzimwe nyika Reese Erlich, we "Target Iraq: Izvo Nhau Media Zvisina Kukuudza."
Background links:
Chidzidzo chitsva cheFAIR, “Ndezvipi Redhiyo Yeruzhinji?”: http://www.fair.org/extra/0405/npr-study.html
Greg Mitchell, weMupepeti & Muparidzi, pane chinyorwa chevapepeti ve Times: http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/0526-09.htm