Shamwari yangu the
anthropologist anoti hakuna chinhu chinonzi chokwadi. Anoti akabvunzurudzwa
vanhu vari mumunda vanopokana zvachose. Mumwe anoti gomo rakaputika uye
mumwe wacho anoti hazvina. Vanotaura vari vaviri nechivimbo chakaenzana.
Ndinoti: mumwe wavo
zvakaipa. Zvichida gomo rakaputika kana kuti harina. Kwete kuti maonero haasi
zvakakosha. Vacherechedzi vedu vaviri vangave vaiva nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzavaiona kubva padziri
the volcano; vangave vasiri kutaura nezvegomo rimwe chetero; vanogona kunge vakasiyana
tsananguro dzezvinorehwa negomo rinoputika, zvakafanana nezvekuputika. Asi, ndakakakavara, zvinogoneka
tsanangura "kuputika kwegomo," uye ziva zvechokwadi kana zvakaitika kana kwete.
Chokwadi, zvingadaro
hazvina basa kana kuputika kwegomo. Chii shamwari yangu anthropologist
inogona kunyatsofarira maonero evanhu vanodudzira gomo rinoputika
chiitiko. Angadzidza zvakawanda nezvevanhu nokuteerera zvavanoda kutaura
nezvezvisikwa, kufamba kwenguva, zvinoreva "njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga," nezvimwewo.
Tichitarisa zvakanyanya pamubvunzo wekuti gomo rinoputika zvine unyanzvi here kana kuti kwete
mubvise pane mamwe mazano anonakidza uye maonero. Haapo kuzofukunura
“chokwadi” pamusoro pokuputika kwegomo rimwe chete; aripo kuti anzwisise zvakawanda
nezvevanhu.
Sezvinoita vanhu vazhinji
ikozvino kuziva, uchapupu hune simba - I Rigoberta
Menchu - nemukadzi weMayan ane makore makumi maviri nematatu, akataura nyaya inonakidza ye
kusaruramisira, kudzvinyirirwa uye kuurayiwa kwevanhu vake nemaoko emutongi
Guatemalan mauto, yanga isiri "yechokwadi" mune zvese zvayo. Maererano naDhavhidhi
Stoll mubhuku rake Rigoberta Menchú and the Story of
Vese Varombo veGuatemalans, manyepo aya anosanganisira kunyora kuti:
-
Hupenyu hwaMenchu hwaive hwekukunda pamusoro pekusagona kuverenga kwehudiki uye kushaya
chikoro, asi chaizvoizvo akapinda zvikoro zvebhodhingi zveKaturike, maererano namasisita avo
vakaavhiya;
-
mukoma waakati akapisirwa paari
uye mhuri yake yakaona zvichida yakapfurwa ndokuzopiswa gare gare;
-
imwe hama, inonzi yakafa nenzara, ichiri kurarama uye
muridzi wemba;
-
hondo yepasi iyo Rigoberta Menchu anoti baba vake vakarwa nevapfumi
MaGuatemalans edzinza reEurope aitove gakava pakati pababa vake navatezvara vake.
Menchu haana kupa mhinduro dzakadzama,
kusarudza panzvimbo pekutarisa pane chokwadi chekuti aisamboreva kuti nyaya yake ive yakasimba
personal. Zvechokwadi, mubhuku racho pacharo, ini, Rigoberta
Menchu, anonyora kuti, “Ndinoda kusimbisa kuti hausi upenyu hwangu chete, ihwo
uyewo uchapupu hwevanhu vangu. Iye
Akaudzwa Larry
Rohter ye Times iyo nhoroondo yake yehupenyu
i“chikamu cheiyi ndangariro yenhau norudzi rweGuatemala,” uye munguva pfupi yapfuura, se
kushumwa ne Associated
dzvanya, Menchu anoti, “Ndakanga ndiri mupukunyuki, ndiri ndoga munyika, uyo aifanira kupwisa
nyika kuti itarise utsinye hwakaitwa munyika yokumusha kwangu.”
Zvine basa here kuti Rigoberta Menchu akaudza
chokwadi mubhuku rake rose? Zvinoenderana kuti ndiani waunobvunza.
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Vazhinji vevaporofesa vanoshandisa bhuku mumakosi avo vacharamba vachiita
saka nekuti vanotenda “Nyaya yaMenchu inotaura chokwadi chikuru pamusoro
kudzvinyirirwa muCentral America,” maererano nen chinyorwa mu
Chronicle yeDzidzo yepamusoro.
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Nobel Committee kuti
akamukudza nemubairo weNobel Peace Prize wa1992
haasi kudzora mubairo wake nekuti sarudzo yavo yekumupa haina kubva pa
bhuku, asi pabasa rake rerunyararo. Kunze kwezvo, inodaro nhengo yeNobel Committee, “Vose
autobiographies inoshongedza kusvika pamwero mukuru kana muduku. "
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Avo vane hanya norugare
uye kururamisira muGuatemala vanotenda kuti zvirevo zvishoma zveMenchu hazvina zvazvinoreva
zvichienzaniswa nemanyepo arikuenderera mberi uye mishandirapamwe ye disinformation yakaitwa neGuatemala
hurumende, yakabatsirwa uye inotsigirwa neUnited States. Mune yavo ongorora in The Nation webhuku raDavid Stoll, Greg Grandin
naFrancisco Goldberg vanotiyeuchidza kuti gore risati rasvika ini, Rigoberta Menchu akabuda, uto reGuatemala
vakauraya vanhu 400, vakauraya vanopfuura 100,000 XNUMX uye vachisiya vanopfuura miriyoni vasina pokugara.
Zvichida Menchu haana kuona mukoma wake ari
kupiswa kusvika pakufa. Asi akapondwa zvine utsinye.
Uye kwaiva nevazhinji vakaurayiwa
zvichipupurirwa nehama. Zvine basa here kuti Mayan akaurayiwa nenzira ipi,
nezvapupu zvipi zviripo? Kune avo vanoda kudzoreredza marwadzo nekudzvinyirirwa
zvakasangana nevaMaya munyika yavo, manyepo akanyanya kukosha ndiwo anotaurwa
nehurumende yedu nerutsigiro rwenhau.
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KuUS kwakakurumbira
media, zvinoita sekunge zvine basa zvakanyanya kuti memoir yaMenchu inosanganisira zvisizvo.
Bhuku raDavid Stoll rakaongororwa zvakanyanya uye rakataurwa nezvaro, uye New York Times yakatumira Larry Rohter kuGuatemala
simbisa nyaya yaStoll. Vezvenhau nokudaro vanoenda kure nenhau yose inoratidzika kuva
hero yakatsunga kufumura chokwadi. Dai vakatumira vatori venhau vekuferefeta
dissect Kissinger's memoir ichangoburwa.
Nepo varatidziri, vadzidzi nevatori venhau vachikakavadzana
chokwadi nezve Rigoberta Menchu, the New York Ongororo ye
Books inodada nekavha yechinyorwa chayo chaApril 8, 1999 yatinoda kutarisa kwete
mberi. Chinyorwa chavo chikuru ndeichi: “Chokwadi Pamusoro pe
Rigoberta Menchu,” naPeter Canby, uyo anogara achitaura nezvake nekutanga
zita chete muchinyorwa chake chakareba (apo achinongedzera kune vamwe vese nemazita avo ekupedzisira), uye
ndiani ane izvi zvekutaura nezve Menchu mushure mekusangana kupfupi kwemunhu:
“MuNew York pakati paFebruary, I
akapinda mumusangano wevatori venhau waRigoberta pakati peguta reUnited Nations office tower. Iye
idiki zvekuti paakagara pachair tsoka dzake hadzina kutsika pasi. Izvo zvakabatanidzwa
musoro wake wakakura kwazvo uye chipfeko chaainge akapfeka chaiva chekuti ataridzike
zvisinganzwisisike sechidhori. Aiita seaitaura zvisingaite uye aida kuziva nezvake
vateereri uyewo, tichifunga nezvemamiriro ake ezvinhu akaoma, zvinoshamisa asina hanya nazvo
details.”
Ndinogona kungofungidzira kuti Menchu angave anga ari chii
ndichinzwa ndakagara pachigaro chikuru chinogumbura cheUN, chakakomberedzwa nehofori dzine misoro midiki,
kupfeka zvakakomba, monochromatic zvipfeko.
Pakupedzisira, zvinoita sekunge pane zvisizvo mukati
Ini, Rigoberta Menchu, uye ndinotenda kuti bhuku iri
shoma kwavari. Hutsinye hwaiitirwa vaMaya nemauto hwakanga huri
zvakaipa zvakakwana. Hapana chikonzero chekugadzira chero chinhu chekukanganisa. Ukangotanga kuona uye kushuma
humbowo hunotsigira nyaya yako, saka munguva pfupi haugone kuona yese
mufananidzo. Baba vaMenchu vangangove vaine intra-Mayan (kunyangwe intra-family) nyika
gakava, asi hazvireve kuti maitiro erusarura evaridzi vevhu muGuatemala
hazvina kupa chirevo chine musoro kuhondo dzepasi pakati pevaMayans. Basa redu ndere
edza kufumura uye kuudza chokwadi mune zvese zvazvinoita uye zvakaomarara. Ndinotenda kuti ndizvo
zvakakosha kuita izvi kunyangwe zvikaita kuti chikonzero chedu chishaye simba - chero zvazvingava.
Uyezve, uye zvakanyanya kukosha, isu tinofanirwa kuyera kukosha uye kukosha kweiyo
uchapupu hwatinofukunura. Panyaya yeMenchu's memoir, nhema hadzina kukosha
zvichienzaniswa nebasa reUS mukushandiswa kwehupfumi uye kuponda kukuru kweGuatemala
varimi. Nezvekupedzisira, tinogona kuita chimwe chinhu. Uye chero shanduko yatinounza
zvaizova nezvinobatsira zvaizonzwikwa nevakawanda.