Pese pese pano neapo ndinoita shuwa kumbomira ndichishanya kumba kwaAmitava Kumar (http://amitavakumar.blogsome.com/). Pane nguva dzose chimwe chinhu chine ungwaru, chinhu chinoshamisa: sumo yebhuku idzva, kana mutori wemifananidzo mutsva, kana chimwe chinhu nezvechimwe chezvidzidzo zvake. Amitava inyanzvi inofunga nezve art uye nezve avo vanoita hunyanzvi vakamutenderedza. Pandakatanga kusangana naye mune rimwe zera akange ari nyanduri, mutori wemifananidzo uye aida muongorori wezvinyorwa. Bhuku rake rekutanga renhetembo ("Hapana Misodzi yeNRI") rakabudiswa neVanyori Workshop inoremekedzwa muCalcutta (P. Lal uyo anofambisa chinyorwa anovimbisa kuti yakanakisa sari miganhu inoshandiswa kune zvivharo zvakagadzirwa nemaoko). Mariri uchawana dambarefu renhetembo, โZvidzidzo Zvekutanga Muupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika,โ
โPamabhuru gumi ega ega epaddy anokohwa/Mushandi asina minda anotora rimwe chete kumba.
Mukadzi uyu, anonzi Hiria, aitofanira kufa nenzara/mazuva matatu kuti atenge litre remukaka.
Kana aizotarisa nzara yake orega kudya/kwemwedzi aikwanisa kutenga bhuku renhetembo.
Uye kana Hiria, anoshanda asingagumi, aigona kufa nenzara. nokusingaperi, mumakore gumi aikwanisa kutenga chikamu Chemunda icho munguva pfupi yechando manheru/mwanakomana wasaimba anotamba badminton.โ
Amitava kusvika parizvino aburitsa mabhuku matatu enziyo ekutsoropodza uye auto-ethnography, mumwe nemumwe wavo achingwarira kutora zvinyorwa zvekunyora zvakakomba, asiwo kupinza munyori sechimiro, uye nhetembo dzake, ndangariro dzake, uye nzendo dzake (ini ndinokurudzira kuti iwe. tanga ne "Husband of a Fanatic," rakabudiswa neNew Press muna 2005).
Muna 1998, Amitava, pamwe chete nemugadziri wemafirimu Sanjeev Chatterjee, vakaburitsa chinyorwa chine musoro unoti "Pure Chutney." Kana madzitateguru aNaipaul akasiya Bihar kuenda kuTrinidad, uye kana Naipaul akabva aita rwendo rwake "kudzokera" kuIndia, "nzvimbo yerima" (1964), mufirimu iyi Amitava anodzorera kurumbidzwa. Sokutaura kwakaita zvinhu zvekusimudzira zve "Pure Chutney", "Bihar ndiyo nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yekupokana" uye Amitava "inongova imwe yacho." Saka kubva panzvimbo iyoyo, Amitava anoenda kumusha kwaNaipaul kunoona zvazvinoreva kuva โmuIndiaโ pachitsuwa ichocho. Zviuru zvevaIndia zvakauya sevashandi vepakati pemakore ekuma1800, uye vazhinji vavo vakaramba mushure mekunge zvibvumirano zvavo zvapera. Vakaumba nharaunda ine simba, ine hupfumi hwenhaka yetsika yakakura pamwe chete uye pakati penyika yetsika yeAfro-Trinidadians.
Nyaya dzekutanga dzaNaipaul (mu "Miguel Street") dzinotora hupfumi hwenyika ino yetsika, uye hurombo hwevanhu vayo (zvisinei nemafuta anogara pasi pavo). Amitava akaenda kuTrinidad kuma1990, pakavhurwa gaka guru rezvematongerwo enyika pakati pevaAfro-Trinidadian neveIndo-Trinidadians, uye vamwe vevakupedzisira pavakanga vatanga kupotera mune zvakaipa zvetsika nezvematongerwo enyika zvinobuda mupasi (iyi. mamwe maitiro, Hindutva, aizopfavisa kuita kwaNaipaul kwekutanga, uye kumuita kuti afarire kusimuka uku kweaiti "simba rekusika" rekubvisa "ronda rinofa" rekuvapo kweIslam munyika yepasi).
Amitava's Trinidad haina kuvharwa neNaipaul's exuberant kutendeuka kune inofungidzira tsika. Pane kudaro, anosangana neruzhinji rwevakadzi nevarume vanonakidza, vazhinji vavo vanofarira kupokana kwechitsuwa chavo. Amitava anokura navo, achigadzirira Carnival, kuungana panzvimbo inopisirwa zvitunha, achienda kumaz kumusikiti, uye agere mumba meimwe mhuri yemuurbane inova inotungamira yekuipa pachitsuwa. Ndivo vamiriri vanogara veVishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP), vane mukurumbira muIndia wakanyanya kusanganiswa kupfuura muTrinidad. Pano inosiririsa ichangoburwa nhoroondo yekunetsana kweAfro-Indo yakadzoserwa mukutsvaga kwekuchena kwetsika uye chinhambwe mumativi maviri eAfrocentricity neHindutva, yekushuvira kureba kwetsika kubva kune mumwe semamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika, ehupfumi uye emagariro eTrinidad molds. . Kubatana kwevanhuwo zvavo veTrinidadian kunopenya uye kune izvi izvo Amitava anopinza tariro yake. "Pure Chutney" iri seti yemifananidzo yeiyi conviviality, yakavhiringidzwa nevetsika purists. Pazvinenge zvakundikana ndezvekuti hazviiti kuti tipinde munyika yemikana yakarasika, yekuti kuunganidzwa kwehupfumi hwemafuta kwakakanganisa sei mikana mikuru yekubatana kwenhoroondo uye kusangana kwemazuva ese kunoratidza nhoroondo yeTrinidad neTobago. Asi kwefirimu remaminitsi makumi mana nemaviri, rinoita basa raro.
"Itsvina yekuwachira: MuIndia muSouth Africa" โโ(2005) chikamu chechipiri mukubatana kwe "Mamwe maIndia" pakati pemugadziri wemafirimu Chatterjee nemunyori Amitava Kumar (sezvineiwo, Amitava ane chinyorwa chitsva kunze kuIndia, "Zvigadzirwa Zvemba," ane Kuburitswa kweUS pamwe gore rinouya). Iyi bhaisikopo inoteedzera hupenyu hwevanhu vekuIndia kuSouth Africa, hoko iri kutamburira kwemaIndia kugadzira iyo South Africa itsva. Ehezve India aive nemukurumbira mukurwira kusunungurwa kwenguva refu aive MK Gandhi, akaenda kunyika iyi segweta risinganzwisisike muna 1893 (aine makore makumi maviri nemana) akaenda kuIndia segamba muna 24 (ane makore makumi mana nemashanu), kwaakaenda. mhosva yekurwira rusununguko rweIndia ndokuva mweya mukuru (Mahatma). "Kuwacha Netsvina" kunobata Gandhi neruremekedzo, uye zvino kumushandisa senzira yekunyora mhirizhonga isina kutaurwa yevaSouth Africa vanobva kuIndia mumatanho ekupedzisira ehondo yerusununguko. Tinonzwa nezvebasa rakakosha rakaitwa nenhengo yeANC Mac Maharaj (uyo aive naMandela paRobben Island, uyezve Gurukota rake rezvekutakurwa kwezvinhu, 1914-45; kune bhuku idzva rinokosha nezvake rinonzi "Shades of Difference"). Tinosangana naLaloo Chiba, nhengo yeAfrican National Congress, yeSouth African Communist Party uye yeTransvaal Indian Congress. Chiba akapedza makore gumi nemasere ari paRobben Island mushure mekunge asungwa ari nhengo yeUmkonto we Sizwe panguva yekurwisa kuparadza njanji. Mumufirimu uyu, tinosangana naChiba akura, murume anodziya zvinoshamisa anotora Amitava kuburikidza nekupokana kwehupenyu hwemuIndia wekuSouth Africa. Zvikamu zvinonyanya kufambisa zvedokumentari zvinoratidza murume ane nyasha uyu achiperekedza Amitava kuRobben Island uye ofamba naye achitenderera jeri.
Akauya kuchitsuwa ichi chine chengetedzo yakanyanya mumakumi matatu uye akaenda mumakumi mashanu ake, "akasiya hudiki hwangu shure kwangu," anodaro.
Chiba anomiririra maIndia ekuSouth Africa akarwisa rusaruraganda. Amitava anorega kutiudza kuti inhengo yeSouth African Communist Party (SACP). Mumwe munhu anowanzo kanganwa ndiFatima Seedat, akabatana neSACP muCape Town mukupera kwema1930. Aine murume wake, Dawood Seedat, akatamira kuDurban, akabatana neNatal Indian Congress ndokuenda kujeri muna 1946 (aingova nemakore makumi maviri nemana, aine mwana ane mwedzi mina). Gore rakatevera, Fatima Seedat akabatana neANC, uye akanga ari mushandirapamwe muDefiance Campaign ya24 (akaiswa mujeri zvakare). Musi waNyamavhuvhu 1952, 9, Fatima Seedat akanga ari mutungamiri weWomen's March kuenda kuPretoria Union Building (paiva ne sirogani yaiti Wathint' Abafazi, wathint' imbokodo, rovai mukadzi, rovai padombo). Seedat akanga asiri ega: vaaiva navo vaiva Rahima Ally, Zeinub Asvat, Zohra Bhayat, Amina Cachalia, Dr. Kesavaloo Goonam, Cissy Gool nevamwe vakawanda. Madzimai aya haapo munyaya iyi, sezvakaitawo madzimai ekuChatworth nemamwe misha yezvitangwena emumadhorobha ayo ari kuyedza kurwisana neneo-liberalism muSouth Africa yanhasi.
Iyo firimu, isingafarire tsika pane zvematongerwo enyika uye maitiro ayo munharaunda, inotitora zvinyoronyoro munyika yaJameel Chand. Amitava anovhura gwaro achitiudza kuti aiziva zvishoma nezvehupenyu hwevaIndia vekuSouth Africa kana veSouth Africa semwana, uye kunyangwe achiri mudiki. Aiziva kuti chikwata chekiriketi chaisakwanisa kutamba mitambo yepasi rose (nekuda kwekuramba rusaruraganda), asi nzvimbo yacho nezvematongerwo enyika zvayo zvakanga zvisina kumunyoresa. Kwandiri, zvinhu zvakanga zvakasiyana. Mushandirapamwe wekurwisa rusaruraganda mumakore ekuma1980 waiva musimboti wedzidzo yangu yezvematongerwo enyika. Mazita akaita saMandela, Maharaj, Chris Hani, Joe Slovo, Ruth First, Walter Sisulu, Oliver Tambo nemamwe akandimaka. Asi apo takaronga mubato rokuparadzana uye kupfurikidza nedanidziro yaJackson 1988 yokusunda South Africa kumberi, maIndia matatu okuSouth Africa akapinda mukurwisana nenzira yakadzama.
Ava ndivo vanhu venguva yangu, avo kurwisana kwavo kwakanga kwakanyanya, kwakanyanya.
Jameel Chand, Yusuf Akhalwaya naPrakash Napier vakaumba yekutanga uye yega yeIndia sero yehugandanga muJohannesburg. Pakati pa1987 na1989, vatatu vacho vakaita mabasa ekubhomba makumi matatu neshanu seAhmed Timol Unit (yakatumidzwa zita remuSouth Africa mudzidzisi wechikoro cheIndia akaurayiwa neHurumende muna 1971).
Chikamu chavo chakatanga kunzi Mahatma Gandhi Unit, asi vakachipa zita nemazvo. Muna Zvita 1989, chikwata ichi chaive munzira kuzoita kumwe kuvhiya, apo bhomba ravo (mugodhi weSoviet wakaita chimbambaira) rakaenda rikauraya Napier naAkhalwaya, muHindu nemuMuslim wekuSouth Africa. Chand akapona. Hofisi yeANC muLusaka yakaburitsa chiziviso pashure petsaona iyi, โKunyange zvazvo vakabva muzvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana, rudo rwavaiva narwo nokuda kwomumwe nomumwe rwakanga rwuri rudzi rukurusa rworudo rwouhama. Hurukuro naChand inyoro. Amitava haasi wake wenguva dzose. More serious. Chand nemudzimai wake Firhana vanorondedzera nyaya yacho. Firhana akanga akaroorwa naYusuf panguva yerufu rwake, uye gare gare Jameel naFirhana vakanyaradzwa mumwe nomumwe, ndokuwira murudo. Kushinga kwavo kunozadza skrini.
Jameel Chand parizvino anoshanda kuJohannesburg Water, uko ari pamberi achidzivirira mitemo ye-neo-liberal muhondo dzemvura. Amitava haapinde mune iyi chikamu chehupenyu hwake. Anoramba aine zviitiko zvakapoteredza 1989. Kare mufirimu, Laloo Chiba neshamwari yake, imwe nhengo yeANC yeparamende, Ismail Vadi weGauteng, vanogara pasi naAmitava. Vanotaura nezvengozi dzekusakendenga pakati pevaIndia vekuSouth Africa pamwe chete uye maGujarati ekuSouth Africa kunyanya. Vadi vanotiudza kuti vhoti yekuSouth Africa yeIndia yanga ichienda kumapato anopikisa. โHatina kunyatsonzwisisa chikonzero nei,โ anodaro, asi zvichida izvi zvine chokuita nepwere yacho. Nharaunda "haina kuburitsa chizvarwa chitsva chevadiki, vanonyanya kupikisa? vanoita kuti vabudise chinangwa chimwe chete nebato rerusununguko." Kana musimboti uyu ukasabuda, nharaunda inozoita "kuzviuraya mune zvematongerwo enyika." Mumwe wevatungamiri ava anogona kunge ari Jameel Chand, kana kuti angave mutori wenhau Ashwin Desai (uvepo hwake hunofadza pakuvhurwa kwefirimu, uye ane bhuku rinonzi โTiri Varomboโ rinowanikwa kubva kuMonthly Review Press). Asi havaverengwi. Jameel Chand zvichida nekuda kwechinzvimbo chake semukuru wehurumende mune itsva South African dispensation, uye Ashwin Desai kubva kunze, semunhu akarasikirwa nekutenda muSouth Africa itsva. Ndiwo muganhu wefirimu. Vadi naChiba vanotipa pfungwa ine hunyanzvi yekusiyana, asi isu hatinzwe kubva kuna Chand kana Desai nekuda kwemhinduro yavo, kana kuongorora kwavo kusatora chikamu uku. Kubva kuChand tinowana nyaya ine simba ye1989, uye kuti akakwanisa sei kutora hupenyu hwemunhu kubva kumarara. Kubva kuDesai tinowana hasha. Asi isu hatinyatso nzwisisa kuti sei kana pakati pavo vasiri vatungamiri avo Chiba naVadi vangada kuona vachibuda.
"Dirty Laundry" ifirimu rinotyisa, kuongorora kwakakura kupfuura "Pure Chutney," asi nyore nyore sekunakidza. Kamera yaChatterjee inomira nerudo pamusoro penzvimbo yeSouth Africa, mhenderekedzo yegungwa, masango, nzvimbo dzekugara. Dhirowa yaMi Banerjee inoenderana nenhetembo yaAmitava "Kune Tsoko" paGujarat, uye hunyanzvi hwaPartho Das inzira ine hungwaru yekudzidzira kurwira kwaGandhi kuSouth Africa.
Ndakabvunza Amitava kana taigona kutarisira mamwe mafirimu akadaro kubva kuโOther India.โ Zvichida firimu pamusoro peEngland kana Germany, Fiji kana Malaysia, kana kunyange imwe pamusoro pediasporas mukati meSouth Asia, mukati meIndia. โEya, ndakanga ndagara ndichida kuita bhaisikopo pamusoro penzvimbo umo maiva nomuIndia mumwe bedzi, nzvimbo inotonhora muFinland, muIndia aitarisira resitorendi duku,โ akadaro.
โAsi mushure memusi wa9/11, ndafunga kuti munzvimbo zhinji munyika muno, kunyangwe nhamba yedu iri kuwedzera, murume ari ega kuseri kwebhuku remari, uye chinouya chichipinda nepamusuwo uipi chaihwo. Ini pachangu, ndinoda kumuona achifamba-famba muMall-State yeDubai, uye atitumire kutumirwa kubva kunyika yeAl Maktoum mafuta dzinza, rematsotsi eMumbai akadzingwa, uye yevashandi vekondirakiti yeSouth Asia.