Sezvo London TimesMichael Smith anga achizivisa munzvimbo dzakawanda (semuenzaniso, "Hondo Isati Yasvika, " New Statesman, Chivabvu 30, 2005), iyo yakanakisa inowanikwa pachena panguva ino yehumbowo hwehukuru hwehondo isati yatanga yebhomba yakatangwa nemauto eAmerica neBritish kutenderera hafu yechipiri yaApril, 2002 kusvika โ.isa kumanikidza"Pahutongi hwekare muBaghdad nhevedzano ye "mhinduro dzakanyorwa" ku "mibvunzo yakanyorwa" yakanyorwa muzita reScottish Liberal Democrat uye House of Commons nhengo, Sir Menzies Campbell.
(Vaverengi vane tsika yekukwevera mhino dzavo kumativi ezvinyorwa zvemagetsi vanogona kutarisa kuBritish Parliament. Tsvaga Yakadzama Peji uye ona kuti chii chimwe chavanogona kuwana.โIchi ndicho chishandiso chimwe chetecho chandachangobva kushandisa kuunganidza mashoko anotevera.)
SaShadow Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Sir Menzies anga achiendesa mibvunzo yakanaka kwazvo kuhurumende yaBlair kwemakore akati wandei - uye kunyanya, kuna Secretary of State for Defense, maviri ekupedzisira ayo ane. anga ari John Reid (asi chete kwemwedzi mishoma yapfuura), uye pamberi pake, Geoffrey Hoon. (Yeuka kuti aive Geoff Hoon uyo, pamusangano waChikunguru 23, 2002 weMutungamiriri nenhengo dzake dzepamusoro dzedare remakurukota nevapi vemazano, akataura mutsara unotyisa "mafambiro ekuita," semu "iyo US yakanga yatotanga 'maspikes ekuita' kuisa kumanikidza hurumende.โ Mamiriro chaiwo uye chiyero cheaya "mapikisi ezviitiko," aya mabhomba anopamba nzvimbo yeIraq, chiri chimwe chezvitsauko munyaya yehutsinye hweAmerica neBritish huchiri kunyorwa, uye kuti hazvizotirwadza. kuratidza nemazvo chaizvo sezvatingaraira.)
Kazhinji, Sir Menzies 'yakanyorwa mibvunzo yakatora fomu senge rinotevera (House of Commons, February 6, 2002):
Kubvunza Secretary of State for Defense kuti ingani nguva (a) ndege dzemubatanidzwa uye (b) ndege dzeUK dzichitenderera kumaodzanyemba pasina nhunzi muIraq (i) yaona kutyorwa kwenzvimbo dzisina nhunzi, (ii) yakananga. kutyisidzira ndege dzemubatanidzwa uye (iii) kuburitswa kwemutemo, muchikamu chega chega kubva muna Ndira 1999 kusvika parizvino ichitaura pakota yega yega matani emutemo akaburitswa; muzvikamu zvanga zviri (A) hunhu hwekutyorwa hwakaonekwa, (B) hunhu hwekutyisidzira hwakaonekwa uye (C) chikamu chechinangwa chakarwiswa; uye kana achizotaura chirevo.
Zvakaenzana zvakajairwa, zvirinani muzviitiko izvo mhinduro dzakanyorwa dzakagadzirwa kwenguva yakareba, Ministry of Defense inodzoka nemhinduro yakaita seiyi (zvakare. February 6, 2002):
Zvese zvinangwa zvakarwiswa mukuzvidzivirira nendege yemubatanidzwa inofamba-famba munzvimbo dzisina kubhururuka zvinhu zvemauto zveIraqi Integrated Air Defense System.
Nguva zhinji apo mutemo wakatadza kusvika payakanga yatarwa, inenge yangogara ichimhara panzvimbo yakashama. Zvakanyanya kuoma kuongorora kukuvara kwechibatiso, kana huwandu hwevanhu vakakuvara vakakonzerwa nevasara, zvisinei nekurwadza kweBattle Damage Assessment (BDA) iyo mubatanidzwa inoita pese panoburitswa mutemo. Nekudaro, zvinogoneka kuratidza zvine mutsindo kuti mazhinji ezvikumbiro zveIraq zvekukuvadzwa kwechibvumirano uye kuuraya vanhuwo zvavo hazvisi zvechokwadi. Pakave, semuenzaniso, zviitiko zvakati wandei apo maIraqi akati vanhu vafa kana ndege dzemubatanidzwa dzisiri kubhururuka, kana BDA payakasimbisa kuti mauto chete ndiwo akarohwa. Chokwadi, pane humbowo hwakanaka hwekuti, nguva dzinoverengeka apo Saddam yakataura nezvevanhu vakakuvadzwa, zvakakonzerwa nemabhomba eIraqi artillery kana makombora, akapfurwa zvisina hanya nendege dzemubatanidzwa, achiwira pasi munzvimbo dzakavakwa.
Muzviitiko zvese zvekutadza kurova chinangwa chavakange vachitarisira nemutemo wakaburitswa kubva kundege yeUK, kukundikana kwakakonzerwa nekusashanda zvakanaka kwe ordnance. Isu hatina ruzivo rwevadyidzani vemubatanidzwa.
Ndege dzemubatanidzwa dzinongorwisa mauto mukuzvidzivirira. Isu tinoita zvese zvatinogona kuti tisarudze tarisiro uye kushandisa mauto anotungamirwa nenzira kwayo kuitira kuti tideredze mukana wekukuvadzwa kwechibvumirano uye kufa kwevanhu. Pasinei nekuedza uku, zvinosuruvarisa kuti dzimwe nguva vanhuwo zvavo vangave vakatambura pamusana pebasa remubatanidzwa. Nekudaro, izvi zvaizodzivirirwa zvachose kana maIraq akarega kurwisa ndege dzemubatanidzwa.
(Nenzira, kana mumwe wenyu akambomhanya achipfuura nemhinduro umo zvinonangwa zvekurwiswa kweAmerica kana kweBritish kwete anonzi akarwiswa mu "kuzvidzivirira" uye nechinangwa chehondo chinonyanya kukosha uye chakaenzana, ita chokwadi chekundizivisa. Nekuti ini handisati ndambowana chero.)
Kudzokera kunyaya yenguva, iyo humbowo hwehondo isati yatanga "mapikisi ekuita" pamusoro peIraq: Pakati pe "mibvunzo yakanyorwa" yakabvunzwa naSir Menzies muna Kukadzi, 2002, yaive yemushumo we "tonnage of ordnance yakaburitswa" pamusoro penzvimbo yeIraq. nendege dzehondo dzeAmerica neBritain kwekota yega yega yegore kubva muna 1999 kusvika muna 2001. (โNo-Fly Zones (Iraq),โ House of Commons, February 6, 2002.)
Mhinduro yakanyorwa kumubvunzo uyu wakabva kuna Mr. Ingram, uye vakataura zvinotevera nezve "tonnage of ordnance yakaburitswa nendege dzemubatanidzwa munzvimbo isina kubhururuka, nekota":
- 1999 -
โโโโโ Coalition / UK
Chikamu chekutanga - 120.5 / 31.5
Chikamu chechipiri - 79/21
Chikamu chechitatu - 135 / 23.5
Chikamu chechina - 45 / 12.5Zvose โโโ- 379.5 / 88.5
- 2000 -
โโโโโ Coalition / UK
Chikamu chekutanga - 35 / 3.5
Chikamu chechipiri - 45.5/6
Chikamu chechitatu - 42.5 / 5
Chikamu chechina - 32 / 6Zvose โโโ- 155 / 20.5
- 2001 -
โโโโโ Coalition / UK
Chikamu chekutanga - 50.5 / 8.5
Chikamu chechipiri - 11.5/2.5
Chikamu chechitatu - 39 / 13
Chikamu chechina - 6 / 1Zvose โโโ- 107 / 25
Kuzvipedzisa: Mumwedzi makumi matatu nematanhatu mushure kusvika kune inozivikanwa zvino "spikes of activity" gore ra2002, "coalition" (yakanyanya maBritish nemaAmericans-zvichida nekubata kweTurkey kwakakandirwa munzira yezvinonhuwira zvishoma) yakadonhedza huwandu hwe 641.5 matani emabhomba munharaunda yeIraqi, iyo 134 matani akadonhedzwa nendege dzehondo dzeBritain, dzinenge dzasara dzose 507.5 matani akadonhedzwa nendege dzehondo dzeAmerica. Izvi zviri pakati nepakati 17.8 matani emabhomba pamwedzi, mwedzi woga woga, kubva muna Ndira, 1999 kusvika muna Zvita, 2001. Chokwadi, tinoziva kubva muchikamu chekota chinoshumwa pamusoro apa kuti chikamu chekutanga nechechitatu cha1999, somuenzaniso, spikier kupfuura chikamu chechipiri nechechina chegore ra2001. Kunyange zvakadaro. Aya maavhareji anoburitsa pachena, ndinofunga. Zvavanotiratidza ndezvekuti kwete yakawedzerwa nguva mukati memwedzi ye51 isati yatanga kurwiswa kwepasi muna Kurume, 2003 vaive maIraqi asina kutyisidzira kana kudonhedzwa chaiko kwemabhomba munharaunda yavo. Uye kunyangwe chiri chokwadi kuti tonnage yemabhomba akadonha mukati memwedzi mishoma nguva isati yapinda pasi yakamiririra "spikes of chiitiko" maererano neavhareji yemwedzi-ne-mwedzi, zviri pachena kuti yaisamiririra kutorwa kwerudzi rutsva. yemitemo yakanangana neIraq (semuenzaniso, mhirizhonga yenyika pasi pehutongi hwaBush, kupesana nerunyararo pasi paClinton) -ndege dzehondo dzeAmerica neBritish dzakatyora nzvimbo yendege yeIraqi nekubhomba nzvimbo yeIraqi zvisingaite kwemakore gumi nemaviri apfuura.
Musi waKurume 11, 2002, Sir Menzies vakabvunza mibvunzo yakafanana (โIraki," House of Commons, Kurume 11, 2002), asi iko zvino kunyura-mukati pamatani emabhomba akadonhedza nzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba "No-Fly" nendege dzehondo dzeAmerica neBritish mukati memwedzi miviri yapfuura yaNdira naKukadzi, 2002.
Mhinduro yaVaIngram: โNdege dzemubatanidzwa kumaodzanyemba kweNFZ dzakaburitsa matani mapfumbamwe ezvombo muna Ndira, uye hapana muna Kukadzi.
Zvadaro zvakare November 27, 2002, uye, pakupedzisira, mberi March 10, 2003, Sir Menzies vakabvunza mimwe mibvunzo. Mhinduro dzekuwedzera kune idzi seti mbiri dzekupedzisira dzemibvunzo dzakapa iyo data Michael Smith anga achishuma. Asi ndibvumirei kuti ndizviratidze kumunhu wese ari pano seseti imwe yakabatanidzwa, ndichibvuma kuti muchimiro chaanochengeterwa mugwaro remibvunzo nemhinduro yakanyorwa neHouse of Commons, ane mhinduro dzisingasviki nhatu dzakasiyana dzakanyorwa.
- 2002 -
โโ- Coalition
Ndira: 9
Kukadzi: 0
Kurume: 0
Kubvumbi: 0.3
Chivabvu: 7.3
Chikumi: 10.4
Chikunguru: 9.5
Nyamavhuvhu: 14.1
Gunyana: 54.6
Gumiguru: 17.7
Mbudzi: 33.6
Zvita: 53.2- 2003 -
โโโ Coalition
Ndira: 23.9
February: haisipo
Izvo zvatinoratidzwa nenhamba idzi ndezvekuti, kana tikangoita zvekupokana tikatora Chivabvu, 2002, senzvimbo yekutanga yekuongorora prewar "spikes of chiitiko" pamusoro pematenga eIraq, zvino kune matatu asiri ekarenda-gore anosanganisira aya 9. mwedzi (kureva, Chivabvu, 2002, kusvika muna Ndira anotevera, 2003), hwerengedzo ye 224.3 matani emabhomba akakandwa paIraq, avhareji ye 24.9 matani pamwedziโzvikurukuru zvishoma tonnage zvakazara kupfuura zvainaya kubva kumatenga ane America- neBritish-anodzora Iraq mukati megore rekarenda ra1999, kunyangwe zviri pachena kuti rakapetwa kaviri matani muna 2001.
Kunze kwemarekodhi emauto eUS emhando yatisina kuwana parizvino-kunyangwe zvingangove nhengo dzeCongress vangadaro, kunyanya vachishandisa simba ravo re subpoena - marekodhi eruzhinji ehondo isati yatanga neBritish chiitiko chekubhomba kwatinokwanisa kuwana ndeiyi (a) magwaro eIraq akaiswa kuUN Security Council uye Secretary-General (pamusoro peiyo, ona "Hapana Memo Inodiwa,โ ZNet, July 1; uye"'Spikes of Activity',โ ZNet, Chikunguru 4); uye (b) mhinduro dzakanyorwa dzerudzi rwandichangobva kutora kubva kuBritish Secretary of State for Defense kuna Menzies Campbell weImba yeCommons. Pasina panikiro, kune zvakawanda zvechikamu chekupedzisira chinowanikwa. Pamwe gehena rezvimwe zvakawanda.
Panguva ino, zvakadaro, zvatinoda inhengo dzeCongress (neParamende) dzine simba rekutora US (kana UK) zvinyorwa zvemauto zvekutyorwa kweAmerican neBritish airspace yeIraq, uye kurwisa-kunze kwenzvimbo yeIraq.
Pane chero munhu kunze uko angave ane imwe kana dzakawanda "shamwari" munzvimbo dzakakwirira?
Tsvaga Yakadzama Peji, Paramende yeBritain
House of Commons Hansard Yakanyorwa Mhinduro kumibvunzo yakanyorwa yaSir Menzies Campbell, February 6, 2002
House of Commons Hansard Yakanyorwa Mhinduro kumibvunzo yakanyorwa yaSir Menzies Campbell, March 11, 2002
House of Commons Hansard Yakanyorwa Mhinduro kumibvunzo yakanyorwa yaSir Menzies Campbell, November 27, 2002
House of Commons Hansard Yakanyorwa Mhinduro kumibvunzo yakanyorwa yaSir Menzies Campbell, March 10, 2003Impeach 'Em All, ZNet, Mbudzi 13, 2004
Nguva yeBlair, ZNet, Kubvumbi 30, 2005
Iyo Downing Street Memos, ZNet, Chikumi 15, 2005
Hapana Memo Inodiwa, ZNet, Chikunguru 1, 2005
"Spikes of Activity", ZNet, Chikunguru 4, 2005
Zvinyorwa zveBritish paKubhomba kwePrewar kweIraq, ZNet, Chikunguru 5, 2005
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