Tndi bungwe la International Labor Organisation "Global Wage Report 2022-23” akutsatira kugwa koopsa kwa malipiro enieni a anthu mabiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ndalama zomwe amapeza ndi chuma za 99 peresenti ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi kuchokera ku ndalama zomwe anthu mabiliyoni ambiri amapeza komanso pafupifupi mabiliyoni ambiri omwe amapanga gawo limodzi mwa magawo 1 olemera kwambiri n'kochititsa mantha.

Panthawi ya mliriwu, pomwe ambiri padziko lapansi adataya chuma chawo, amuna 10 olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi adataya chuma chawo. kawiri mwayi wawo. Kusafanana kwachuma chochulukiraku, komwe tsopano ndi kwachilendo m'dziko lathu lapansi, kwadzetsa zotulukapo zazikulu komanso zowopsa zamagulu.

Ngati muyenda mumzinda uliwonse papulaneti, osati m’mayiko osauka okha, mudzapeza nyumba zazikulu ndi zazikulu zomwe zadzaza ndi umphaŵi.

Amapita ndi mayina ambiri:

bastis, bidonville, daldongneh, favelas, malo ogona, kampung kumuh, zisakasa ndi Sodomu ndi Gomora. Kuno, mabiliyoni a anthu akuvutika kuti apulumuke m'mikhalidwe yomwe ili yosafunikira m'nthawi yathu yachuma chambiri komanso luso laukadaulo.

Koma otsala pafupifupi mabiliyoni ambiri alanda chuma cha chikhalidwechi ndikukulitsa chiwongola dzanja chawo chazaka makumi asanu ndi awiri motsutsana ndi maboma, zomwe zimayimitsa chuma chaboma ndikukakamiza ogwira ntchito kuti azichepetsa nthawi zonse.

The constrict kufinya austerity kumatanthawuza dziko la bastis ndi favelas pamene anthu akuvutika nthaŵi zonse kuti athane ndi mavuto a njala ndi umphaŵi, kusoŵa madzi akumwa ndi zimbudzi, ndi kusoŵa maphunziro ndi chithandizo chamankhwala mochititsa manyazi. Mu izi nyumba zauve ndi misewu, anthu amakakamizika kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi mitundu yatsopano ya chikhulupiriro cha tsogolo lawo padziko lapansi.

Mitundu ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku imeneyi ingaonekere m’mabungwe odzithandiza—pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse oyendetsedwa ndi akazi—omwe amakhala m’malo ovuta kwambiri, monga mkati mwa nyumba zachitukuko zazikulu kwambiri mu Afirika, Kibera (Nairobi, Kenya), kapena m’malo ochirikizidwa ndi maboma okhala ndi anthu ochepa. zothandizira, monga in Altos de Lídice Commune (Caracas, Venezuela).

Boma la Austerity State mudziko lachikapitalisti lasiya ntchito yake yoyambira yothandiza, pomwe mabungwe omwe si aboma ndi mabungwe opereka chithandizo akupereka zofunikira koma zosakwanira kwa anthu omwe ali pamavuto akulu.

Osati kutali ndi mabungwe opereka chithandizo ndi mabungwe odzithandizira amakhala okhazikika padziko lonse lapansi: zigawenga, mabungwe ogwira ntchito ovutika. Magulu awa amasonkhanitsa anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri m'derali - makamaka amuna - kuti azitha kuyang'anira zochitika zosiyanasiyana zosaloledwa (mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuzembetsa anthu ogonana, njira zodzitetezera, kutchova njuga).

Kuchokera ku Ciudad Nezahualcoyotl (Mexico City, Mexico) kupita ku Khayelitsha (Cape Town, South Africa) mpaka ku Orangi Town (Karachi, Pakistan), kukhalapo kwa achiwembu osauka, akuba kapena akuba. malandros kwa mamembala amagulu akuluakulu, amapezeka paliponse.

Ku Rio de Janeiro, Brazil favelados, kapena "Okhala m'misewu" ya Antares kuitana polowera m'dera lawo bocas, kapena “pakamwa,” m’kamwa mwamene mungagulidwemo mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi pakamwa podyetsedwa ndi malonda a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

M’nkhani imeneyi ya umphaŵi wadzaoneni ndi kugaŵanika kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, anthu amatembenukira ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipembedzo zotchuka kaamba ka chithandizo. Pali zifukwa zomveka zochitira zimenezi, ndithudi, popeza kuti matchalitchi, mizikiti, ndi akachisi amapereka chakudya ndi maphunziro limodzinso ndi malo ochitirako misonkhano ndi zochitika za ana.

Kumene boma limawonekera kwambiri ngati apolisi, osauka a m’tauni amakonda kuthaŵira m’mabungwe achifundo amene nthaŵi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa mwanjira ina kapena ina ndi malamulo achipembedzo. Koma mabungwewa sakopa anthu ndi chakudya chotentha kapena nyimbo zamadzulo zokha; pali chokopa chauzimu chomwe sichiyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Ofufuza athu ku Brazil akhala akuphunzira za gulu la Pentekosti kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, akuchita kafukufuku wa chikhalidwe cha anthu m'dziko lonselo kuti amvetse kukopa kwa chipembedzo chomwe chikukula mofulumira.

Pentekosti, mtundu wa Chikhristu cha Evangelical, idawonekera ngati malo odetsa nkhawa chifukwa yayamba kuumba chidwi cha anthu osauka akumidzi komanso ogwira ntchito m'maiko ambiri okhala ndi malingaliro achikhalidwe ndipo yakhala yofunika kwambiri pakuyesa kusintha anthuwa kukhala ochuluka. wa Ufulu Watsopano.

Dossier no. 59, ".Religious Fundamentalism and Imperialism in Latin America: Action and Resistance” (December 2022), anafufuzidwa ndi kulembedwa ndi Delana Cristina Corazza ndi Angelica Tostes, synthesises kafukufuku Tricontinental: Institute for Social Research (Brazil) gulu ogwira ntchito pa ulaliki, ndale ndi makonzedwe udzu.

Zolembazi zikuwonetsa kukwera kwa gulu la Chipentekoste malinga ndi momwe Latin America idasinthira ku neoliberalism ndipo ikupereka kusanthula pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chake miyambo yachipembedzo yatsopanoyi yatulukira komanso chifukwa chake ikulumikizana modabwitsa kwambiri ndi zigawo za Ufulu Watsopano (kuphatikiza, mu Brazilian. nkhani, ndi mwayi wandale wa Jair Bolsonaro ndi Bolsonaristas).

M’zaka za zana la 19, Karl Marx wachichepere kwambiri anazindikira chikhumbo chachipembedzo pakati pa oponderezedwa: “Zachipembedzo kuvutika,” analemba motero,

"ndi, nthawi imodzi, ndi mawu za kuzunzika kwenikweni ndi a zotsutsa motsutsana ndi kuzunzika kwenikweni. Chipembedzo ndi kuusa moyo kwa cholengedwa choponderezedwa, mtima wa dziko lopanda chifundo, ndi moyo wa mikhalidwe yopanda moyo. Ndiwo opiamu za anthu.”

Kuli kulakwa kuganiza kuti kutembenukira ku mitundu ya chipembedzo kumangotanthauza kufunikira kotheratu kwa katundu amene Boma la Austerity silinafune kupereka. Pali zambiri zomwe zili pachiwopsezo pano, zochulukirapo kuposa Chipentekosti, chomwe chatengera chidwi chathu, koma chomwe sichili chokha mu ntchito yake m'malo osauka a anthu osauka akumidzi.

Zochitika zofanana ndi Chipentekosti zimawonekera m'madera omwe amalamulidwa ndi miyambo ina yachipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, a da'wa, kapena "Alaliki" a dziko la Aarabu, monga wofalitsa televizioni wa ku Aigupto Amr Khaled, amapereka mankhwala amtundu wofananawo. Ku India, Art of Living Foundation komanso nthawi yaying'ono sadhu, kapena "Amuna oyera" pamodzi ndi gulu la Tablighi Jamaat, kapena "Society for Spreading Faith" amapereka chitonthozo chawo.

Chimene chimagwirizanitsa mphamvu za chikhalidwe cha anthu zimenezi n’chakuti samayang’ana kwambiri za eschatology, nkhawa ndi imfa ndi chiweruzo zimene zimalamulira miyambo yakale yachipembedzo. Zipembedzo zatsopanozi zimakhazikika pa moyo ndi kukhala ndi moyo (“Ine ndine kuuka ndi moyo,” kuchokera pa Yohane 11:25, ndi chokondedwa cha Apentekoste.)

Kukhala ndi moyo ndiko kukhala m'dziko lino, kufunafuna chuma ndi kutchuka, kutenga zikhumbo zonse za gulu la neoliberal kukhala chipembedzo, kupemphera osati kupulumutsa moyo wake koma kubwereranso kwakukulu.

Maganizo amenewa amatchedwa Life Gospel kapena Prosperity Gospel, amene mfundo zake zalembedwa m’mafunso a Amr Khaled: “Kodi tingasinthe bwanji maola onse makumi awiri ndi anayi kukhala phindu ndi mphamvu? Kodi tingatani kuti tigwiritse ntchito maola makumi awiri ndi anayi m'njira yabwino kwambiri?"

Yankho liri kupyolera mu ntchito yopindulitsa ndi pemphero, kuphatikiza komwe katswiri wa geographer Mona Atia mayitanidwe "Pious neoliberalism."

Pakati pa kuthedwa nzeru kwa umphawi wadzaoneni m’boma la Austerity, miyambo yatsopano yachipembedzo imeneyi imapereka mtundu wa chiyembekezo, uthenga wabwino wotukuka umene umasonyeza kuti Mulungu akufuna awo amene akuvutika kuti apeze chuma m’dziko lino; ndi chimene chimayesa chipulumutso osati mogwirizana ndi chisomo chaumulungu m’moyo wapambuyo pa imfa, koma m’malire a akaunti yakubanki ya munthu.

Kupyolera mu kulanda chiyembekezo, mabungwe achipembedzowa, mokulira, amalimbikitsa malingaliro omwe ali osamala kwambiri komanso odana ndi kupita patsogolo (makamaka LGBTQ+ ndi ufulu wa amayi ndi ufulu wogonana).

Dongosolo lathu, lomwe ndi gawo loyambilira kumvetsetsa za kuyambika kwa zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana mdziko la anthu osauka akumatauni, likugwirabe ntchito yolanda chiyembekezo cha anthu mabiliyoni ambiri.

Mu February 2013, Jabhat al-Nusra, wogwirizana ndi Al-Qaeda ku Syria, adapita ku tawuni ya Maarat al-Nu'man ndikudula mutu wazaka 70 wa ndakatulo wazaka za 11th Abu al-Alaa al-Ma'. ayi.

Wolemba ndakatulo wakaleyo adawakwiyitsa chifukwa nthawi zambiri amaganiziridwa kuti ndi wosakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, ngakhale, zoona zake, anali wotsutsa kwambiri. M'buku lake Luzum ma la yalzam, al-Ma’arri analemba za “mabwinja akugwa a zikhulupiriro” m’mene munthu wina wokafufuza ankakwerapo n’kuimba kuti: “Malo odyetserako ziweto kuno ali ndi namsongole woipa.”

Iye analemba kuti: “Pakati pathu zonama zimanenedwa mokweza, koma zoona zimanong’onezana. Nzosadabwitsa kuti zigawenga zazing'ono - zouziridwa ndi uthenga wawo wotsimikizika - adadula mutu fano lopangidwa ndi wosemasema wa ku Syria Fathi Mohammed. Iwo sakanatha kupirira lingaliro la kukongola kwaumunthu.

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