Israeli amavotera kuti asalowe m'malo ndi malire omaliza" ndi "Aisraeli asiya maloto a Greater Israel" inali mitu yayikulu mumayendedwe omwe amadziwika kwambiri, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono, nkhani zofalitsa za zisankho zanyumba yamalamulo ku Israeli zomwe zidachitika pa Marichi 28. Zowonadi, zotsatira za chisankho zawonetsa kuti mgwirizano wawonekera pakati pa Ayuda a Israeli, osati zotsutsana ndi zofunikira za chilungamo ndi mtendere weniweni, monga momwe zinalili nthawi zonse, komanso kuthandizira kuyeretsa kwaukali kwa mafuko a Palestina ndi kulimbikitsa tsankho la Zionist. .

Mu zisankho za Knesset za 2006, a Israeli adavotera kwambiri "kusiya," osati kuchokera ku Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), koma kuchokera ku Palestine - kaya ku Israel, ku OPT kapena ku ukapolo. Mayiko a Palestine akuwonekeratu kuti akukanidwa kusagwirizana kumeneku. Kuwunika kozama kwa zotsatira za zisankho ndi nsanja za ndale za zipani zomwe zikuyimiridwa mu nyumba yamalamulo yatsopano ya Israeli ziwonetsa kuti chikondwerero cha "kusintha kwamtendere ndi zenizeni" ndi akatswiri atolankhani aku Western ndi Israeli sikuli koyenera komanso kwachinyengo. . Ngati zili choncho, kukhazikitsidwa kwachangu kwa ndondomeko ya ufulu kwachitika.

Asanaulule kuzungulira, owerenga ayenera kuchenjezedwa kuti "kumanja," "kumanzere" ndi "pakati" ndi mawu ofanana; ali ndi tanthauzo losiyana kwambiri pazandale za Israeli kuposa momwe amachitira nyumba yamalamulo, kuphatikiza Palestinian Legislative Council. Kupatulapo zipani zandale zotsogola ku Palestina, zipani zonse za Israeli zomwe zidayimiridwa mu Knesset yachisanu ndi chiwiri zimakumana pazitatu zazikulu za No's of Zionism: Ayi pakubwerera kwa othawa kwawo aku Palestina omwe adachotsedwa ndi Israeli panthawi ya Nakba (tsoka la kulandidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa kuzungulira 1948. ); Ayi mpaka kutha kwa kulanda ndi kulamulira dziko la Palestine lotengedwa ndi Israeli mu 1967; Ayi ku kufanana kwathunthu - m'malamulo komanso m'malamulo aboma - pakati pa nzika zachiyuda za Israeli ndi nzika zake zaku Palestine, anthu otsala adzikolo.

Ena angatsutse kuti chipani cha "ultra-dovish" cha Ayuda ndi Israeli, Meretz, sichinagwirizane ndi chiganizo chachiwiri, pamene chinathandizira "kuthetsa ntchito." M'malo mwake, Meretz sanavomerezepo a wathunthu kubwerera kumalire odziwika padziko lonse lapansi a 1967, omwe adayika East Jerusalem ndi Mzinda Wakale kumbali ya Palestina. Yakhala ikutsutsana nthawi zonse kuti mbali za OPT zikhale pansi pa ulamuliro wa Israeli, osanenapo kuti kusagwirizana kwa ufulu wa othawa kwawo ku Palestine ndi kufanana kwathunthu ku Israeli kumapangitsa kuti maphwando a xenophobic ku Ulaya amveke omasuka kwambiri poyerekeza.

Posachedwapa, mtsogoleri wa Meretz, Yossi Beilin, adalembera Avigdor Lieberman - omwe amawonedwa ndi akatswiri ena monga mtsogoleri watsopano wa "fascist" ku Israel komweko - akumusilira chifukwa chokhala "wanzeru kwambiri, wandale wopambana, munthu wabwino kwambiri wochitapo kanthu, komanso Myuda wochenjera,” akumam’tamanda mowonjezereka kaamba ka “kutitsogolera ku mkhalidwe umene Ayuda, nawonso, potsirizira pake adzakhala ndi mkhalidwe Wachiyuda wawowawo.” Lieberman wapempha kuti ayeretse Israeli mwa theka la miliyoni la nzika zake zaku Palestine mwa "kusintha malire ake" kuti awasiye, kuwakana kukhala nzika komanso ufulu uliwonse. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti malo ambiri a gululi adalandidwa kale ndi boma pazaka makumi angapo. Ngakhale atakhala ndi mwayi wandale, Meretz adakanidwa kwambiri ndi ovota aku Israeli, ndikupambana mipando 5 yokha pazisankho za sabata yatha, poyerekeza ndi mipando isanu ndi umodzi yomwe inali kale pazisankho za 6.

Mosiyana kwambiri ndi kugwa kosasunthika kwa "kumanzere," chipani cha Lieberman chapamwamba kwambiri, Israel Home Our, omwe chigawo chawo chachikulu chili pakati pa anthu olankhula Chirasha, adapeza mipando yodabwitsa ya 11 pa nsanja yomwe ikufuna kukana nzika za Israeli. “ufulu wokhala m’boma pamaziko a chipembedzo ndi fuko,” monga momwe wolemba ndemanga wachiisrayeli Akiva Eldar akulembera.[1] Ngakhale kuti zipani zina zankhanza zomwe zidakhala mu Knesset, monga Moledet ya Rehavam Ze'evi, m'mbuyomu zidalimbikitsa ndondomeko yofanana ndi yachifasisti, iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya Israeli kuti chipani chilichonse chotere chikulandiridwa ngati gawo lalikulu. “Kuvomereza kwa Lieberman mumtima wa chigwirizano,” akuchenjeza motero Eldar, “kuli umboni [] wa kunyonyotsoka kwa makhalidwe kwa chitaganya cha Chiyuda cha Israyeli.”

Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wokhudza kusankhana mitundu ku Isiraeli [2] akutsimikizira “kunyonyotsoka kwa makhalidwe” kumeneku. Oposa magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a Ayuda aku Israeli adanena kuti sangakhale m'nyumba imodzi ndi nzika za Palestina za Israeli, pamene 63% adagwirizana ndi mawu akuti "Aarabu ndi chitetezo komanso chiwopsezo cha anthu ku boma." XNUMX peresenti amakhulupirira kuti "boma liyenera kuthandizira kusamuka kwa nzika zachiarabu." Kusintha kumeneku kwa malingaliro a anthu aku Israeli kupita kumalo abwino kwambiri kukufotokozera bwino kukwera kodabwitsa kwa Lieberman.

Koma munthu safunikira kukhala Lieberman kuti akhale watsankho, monga momwe wolemba Ha’aretz Gideon Levy akunenera.[3] “ ‘Mtendere’ woperekedwa ndi Ehud Olmert ulinso watsankho,” iye akutsutsa motero, akumawonjezera kuti: “Lieberman akufuna kuwatalikitsira kutali ndi malire athu, Olmert ndi anzake akufuna kuwatalikitsira kutali ndi chikumbumtima chathu. Palibe amene akulankhula nawo za mtendere, palibe amene akuufuna. Chikhumbo chimodzi chokha chimagwirizanitsa aliyense - kuwachotsa, njira imodzi kapena imzake. Kusamutsa kapena khoma, 'kusiya' kapena 'kulumikizana' - mfundo ndi yakuti iwo achoke pamaso pathu. "

Chipani cha Olmert cha Kadima, chomwe mipando yake 29 ya Knesset ikupanga chipani chachikulu cha Israeli, idapatsidwa mphamvu zomveka ndi osankhidwa a Israeli kuti "achotse" kapena "kupatukana" ndi ma Palestine, onse otchuka a Israeli - komanso aku Western - mabodza olekanitsa ma Palestine ndi awo. madera abwino kwambiri ndi madzi, kutsekera omwe kale anali ku Bantustans osasiyana kwambiri ndi aku South Africa, ndikusunga ulamuliro wa Israeli pazotsatira. Atatamandidwa m'manyuzipepala otsogola a Kumadzulo monga mphamvu yamtendere, pulogalamu ya Kadima sikuti ikukana mwatsatanetsatane ufulu wovomerezeka padziko lonse wa anthu othawa kwawo aku Palestina komanso ikufuna kuti madera akuluakulu achiyuda apite patsogolo, onse osaloledwa malinga ndi malamulo apadziko lonse, komanso ambiri. Chigwa cha Jordan ndi gawo la West Bank. Dongosolo lotere, lovomerezedwa pang'ono ndi Bush Administration, limalepheretsa chiyembekezo chilichonse cha dziko la Palestine "lotheka" - osasiyapo dziko lodziyimira pawokha m'malire a 1967, malinga ndi zisankho za UN. Choncho ndi njira yopititsira patsogolo mikangano ndi kukhetsa mwazi, osati mtendere. Osati "pakati" phwando, mwa muyezo uliwonse wachilungamo.

Uthenga wabwino pachisankhochi, wina angatsutsane mouma khosi, ndikuti Labor, crucible yolimba ya Israeli yotsalira, yomwe idapindula mu chisankho ichi, kukweza chiyembekezo cha mgwirizano wa "pakati-kumanzere" womwe umafuna kuthetsa mwamtendere ndi Palestina. Ndizowona kuti, mosiyana ndi Likud, Labor idasungabe kukhalapo kwake pamapu andale aku Israeli, koma, mu zisankho za 2003, Labor ndi mnzake, One Nation (yomwe idatsogozedwa ndi Amir Peretz, mtsogoleri wapano wa Labor), adapeza mipando 22. Mu zisankho zamakono, Ntchito inatsikira ku 19. Mosasamala kanthu, nsanja ya Labor ndiyomwe imayambitsa nkhawa, osati chiwerengero cha mipando.

Ngati panali kukayikira kwakukulu m'mbuyomo za ziyeneretso zotsalira za Labor, tsopano wina akhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti phwando liribe. Mbiri yake yonyansa sinakhalepo yoyenera. Labor Zionism ndi, pambuyo pa zonse, mbiri yakale ndi udindo woposa mphamvu ina iliyonse mu Israeli pakuyeretsa mafuko a Palestine mu 1948 ndi 1967; pakuchulukirachulukira kwa madera osaloledwa m'gawo lolandidwa; polimbikitsa nkhani za tsankho za anthu aku Palestine zomwe zimapanga "chiwopsezo cha anthu;" komanso pokonza njira zankhondo ndi ndale - kuphatikiza Khoma - lomwe cholinga chake chinali kupanga miyoyo ya anthu aku Palestine omwe ali m'manja mwawo kukhala womvetsa chisoni mpaka akuganiza zochoka. Labor, mbiri yakale "yopeŵa ndikukana," monga a Geoffrey Wheatcroft akunenera [4], adagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu polojekiti yachitsamunda ya Israeli, panthawi imodzimodziyo akuwonetsera chithunzi chabodza cha demokalase ndi kuunikira kwa anthu osadziwika bwino komanso opusitsa anthu akumadzulo.

Pansi pa Peretz, mtsogoleri wa mgwirizano wodzipereka komanso Myuda wa gulu loponderezedwa la "Sephardic" (kutanthauza Mizrahi / Arabu), Labor wasunthira kumanzere, akutsutsa okhulupirira a Israeli, pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kupukuta kwawo. Zoona zenizeni pansi, kachiwiri, zinali zosemphana ndi fano lopangidwa mochenjera chotero. Atangosankhidwa kukhala tcheyamani watsopano wa Labor, Peretz, yemwe adadzitcha kuti "munthu wamtendere," adalengeza [5] kuti amakonda "Yerusalemu wogwirizana" monga likulu la Israeli ndipo amatsutsa mwamphamvu kulola othawa kwawo aku Palestina kubwerera kwawo ndi katundu wawo. mu Israeli, maudindo onsewa akusemphana ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, lingaliro lake loyamba lazandale liyenera kuti linazimitsa chiyembekezo chilichonse chopanda pake chofuna kupita patsogolo ku mtendere wolungama pansi pa utsogoleri wake. "Hong Kong paradigm," lingaliro la "kubwereketsa" kwa Apalestina kwa zaka 99 malo omwe madera akuluakulu achiyuda adakhazikitsidwa, adayenera kukhala chopereka cha Peretz kufunafuna mtendere. Meron Benvenisti, mlembi wa Israeli komanso wachiwiri kwa meya wa Yerusalemu, mochenjera ananenapo za chiwembuchi ponena kuti [6]:

“N’zosatheka kufotokoza moyenerera mkhalidwe wa atsamunda wa kulandidwa kwa madera a Kumadzulo [Banki] kuposa chitsanzo cha kulanda kwa Ufumu wa Britain [] wa mbali za Ufumu watsoka wa China. Zowonadi, oyambitsa lingaliro la Hong Kong adazindikira kufanana kwake: capitalism yachifwamba yomwe imagwira ntchito mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu zankhondo motsutsana ndi mdani wopanda mphamvu, kulanda nthaka ndi madzi mwankhanza kwinaku akuchotsa nzika zawo, ndikupanga phindu lalikulu kwinaku akugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro okonda dziko lawo komanso nationalist amafuna."

Okhazikika, omwe angakhale opindulitsa kwambiri pakuchitapo kanthu kwa Peretz, adawonetsedwa m'nkhani zambiri zabodza zapawayilesi ngati otayika kwambiri voti iyi. Kwenikweni, adapeza chigonjetso chofunikira kwambiri. Poyang'ana chidwi chawo pa zing'onozing'ono, zakutali komanso zokwera mtengo kwambiri kuti ateteze malo omwe Kadima ndi Labor anali okonzeka kusiya, atolankhani adanyalanyaza modabwitsa kuti zipani zotsogola za "mtendere" mu Knesset pano zavomereza kuchuluka kwa madera - nyumba. opitilira 80% a okhalamo ndikuwongolera malo ambiri osaloledwa ku OPT - ngati gawo losalekanitsidwa la Israeli. Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri, yomwe imawononga kwambiri kufunafuna mtendere wolungama ndi anthu aku Palestine, yalandilidwa ndi mgwirizano womwe ukubwera wa Israeli, ndi madalitso aku US komanso kuvomereza kwa nkhosa ku Europe. Kupatula owerengeka ochepa, omwe akuyembekezeka kusamutsidwa ndi boma la Kadima-Labor pakati pa madera okhala ndi anthu ambiri aku Palestine ku OPT, ndondomeko ya zaka makumi angapo ya "kuvomereza" kukhazikitsidwa kwawo kwa nthaka yachonde komanso akasupe amadzi akulu akulu aku West Bank - kuphatikiza East Jerusalem - pakuphatikizira maderawo ku Israeli adzakwaniritsidwa kwambiri. Kupatula apo, nthumwi yachindunji ya okhazikikawo, mgwirizano wa National Union - National Religious Party, nawonso adapambana mipando 9, kuwapatsa lingaliro posankha tsogolo la midzi yaying'ono.

Chifukwa cha zomwe tafotokozazi, n'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu a ku Palestine ndi owonetsetsa padziko lonse lapansi sanapusitsidwe ndi zofalitsa zofalitsa za zisankho za Israeli zomwe zimatifikitsa pafupi ndi mtendere kutengera zofunikira zochepa za chilungamo. Mwina palibe amene amafotokozera mwachidule chisankhochi kuposa Gideon Levy, yemwe analemba [7]:

"Mosiyana ndi maonekedwe, zisankho za sabata ino ndizofunikira, chifukwa zidzawulula nkhope yeniyeni ya anthu a Israeli ndi zolinga zake zobisika. Oposa 100 osankhidwa adzatumizidwa ku Knesset pamaziko a tikiti imodzi - tikiti ya tsankho. [] Ambiri amtundu wa MK mu Knesset yotsatira sakhulupirira mtendere, komanso saufuna - monga ovota awo - ndipo choyipa kuposa chimenecho, samawona anthu aku Palestine ngati anthu ofanana. Tsankho silinakhalepo ndi ochirikiza omasuka chonchi.”

Ambiri a Israeli asankha tsankho. Ndipo popeza maboma a Kumadzulo adalandira zotsatira zake monga kupititsa patsogolo mtendere, Khoma la Israeli ndi midzi yake zikhoza kuyembekezera kukula mwamphamvu pansi pa chinyengo cha "kuphatikizana" ndi "kupatukana," kudzudzula dera lonselo ku mkangano wamagazi osatha. Yakwana nthawi yoti mabungwe adziko lonse akwaniritse udindo wawo mwa kusankha zilango ndi kunyanyala - zofanana ndi zomwe zinagwetsa tsankho la South Africa - chifukwa cha kufanana, chilungamo, mtendere weniweni ndi chitetezo kwa onse. Palibe china chimene chagwira ntchito.

Omar Barghouti, katswiri wodziyimira pawokha wa ndale ndi chikhalidwe yemwe adafalitsa nkhani za kukwera kwa ufumu, funso la Palestina ndi luso la oponderezedwa. Ali ndi digiri ya Masters mu engineering yamagetsi kuchokera ku Columbia University, ndipo pano ndi wophunzira waukadaulo wa filosofi (ethics) pa Yunivesite ya Tel Aviv. Anathandizira buku lofalitsidwa, Intifada Yatsopano: Kutsutsa Tsankho la Israeli (Verso Books, 2001). Iye ndi woyimira boma ladziko la demokalase mu mbiri yakale ya Palestine. Nkhani yake "9.11 Kuyika Mphindi pa Migwirizano ya Anthu" idasankhidwa pakati pa "Best of 2002" ndi The Guardian. Atha kufikiridwa pa: jenna@palnet.com

Zothandizira:

[1] Akiva Eldar, Lieberman - nyet, nyet, nyet, Ha'aretz, Macrh 13, 2006.

[2] Eli Ashkenazi ndi Jack Khoury, Kafukufuku: 68% ya Ayuda akanakana kukhala m'nyumba imodzi ndi Arabu, Ha'aretz, Marichi 22, 2006.

[3] Gideon Levi, Mtundu Umodzi Watsankho, Ha'aretz, Marichi 26, 2006.

[4] Geoffrey Wheatcroft, Pambuyo pa rhapsody, cholowa chowawa cha Israeli ndi kumanzere, The Guardian, March 24, 2006.

[5] Mazal Mualemu, Gideon Alon ndi Zvirahiya, Chipani cha Labor chivotera kusiya boma la Prime Minister Sharon, Ha'aretz, January 1, 2006.

[6] Meron Benvenisti, The Hong Kong Trick, Ha'aretz, January 1, 2006.

[7] Levy, op cit.

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