Chitsime: Collective 20
Otsutsawo sali osadziwa kotero kuti akulota kuti zotsalira zonse za Boma zidzatha usiku umodzi, koma ali ndi chifuno cha kuzifota mwamsanga; pamene olamulira mwaulamuliro, kumbali ina, ali okhutitsidwa ndi kawonedwe ka kupulumuka kosatha kwa Boma โlosakhalitsaโ, lotchedwa โBoma la Ogwira ntchitoโ mosasamala. [1]
- Chisinthiko chakumanzere chagawanika pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino boma.
- Anarchists ndi Marxists amawononga nthawi ndi mphamvu zambiri kuti asungitse kusiyana kumeneku.
- Izi ndi mphatso zabwino kwambiri kwa osankhika ndipo zimangothandizira kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino.
- Kugawikana kumeneku kumabwera chifukwa cha kusaganiza bwino pakukonza zinthu ndipo sikofunikira.
- Lingaliro lakuti palibe dongosolo la ndale lomwe likufunika m'gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi boma / lopanda magulu ndi zabodza.
- Upolisi ndi wofunikira komanso wofunikira - kuti uchite bwino kumafuna maphunziro apadera komanso kukulitsa chidziwitso ndi luso linalake.
- Ndizotheka kukhala ndi dongosolo la ndale lokhazikika popanda kubwezeretsa ulamuliro waulamuliro ndi dongosolo lamagulu.
- Kumvetsetsa zinthu izi kungathandize kudutsa Marxist / Anarchist kugawikana ndikugwirizanitsanso osintha kumanzere.
- Kukhala ndi kaimidwe komveka bwino pankhani ya malamulo ndi dongosolo kumapangitsanso kuti wosinthayo akhale wosangalatsa kwa anthu wamba.
Kusintha kwamakono kumanzere kwagawika pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino boma, mochulukirapo kapena mochepera, kuyambira tsiku loyamba.[2] Kwa a Marxists, kuchita nawo ndale za boma nthawi zambiri kumawoneka ngati gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kusintha. Kwa ma anarchists, kuchita ndale za boma nthawi zambiri kumamveka ngati kutsutsa. Kuchokera apa timapeza maonekedwe a Marxism monga "authoritarian" nthambi ya kusintha kumanzere ndi anarchism monga "libertarian" nthambi.[3]
Kugawanikana kumeneku kwakhalabe kwamoyo chifukwa cha mkangano wopitilira pakati pa misasa yonse iwiriyi. Kwa zaka zambiri, nthawi ndi mphamvu zambiri zaperekedwa pofuna kusonyeza chifukwa chake wopandukayo adachoka ayenela or sayenera kuchita ndale za boma. Mochuluka kwambiri, makamaka, kuti zikhoza kutsutsidwa, popanda kumveka mopusa kwambiri, kuti kusanthula kwina kopambana kopangidwa ndi osinthika kumanzere, m'zaka zapitazi za 150 kapena kuposerapo, sikungoyang'ana kunja kwa ndale ndi zachuma zomwe amatsutsa. , koma mโmalo mwa iwo okha.
Ngakhale nthawiyi, mphamvu ndi kuyang'ana, komabe, palibe malo ambiri, ngati alipo, akuwoneka kuti apangidwa mbali zonse. Uthenga wokhawo womveka bwino womwe ukuwoneka kuti ukutuluka muzochita izi ndikuti kusunga magawanowa kumalepheretsa wosinthika yemwe watsala. Kuphatikiza apo, poganizira kuti ntchito yayikulu ya osankhika ndikugawa ndi kulamulira (lingaliro lomwe limagwira makamaka kwa iwo omwe akuwopseza mphamvu ndi mwayi) zitha kutsutsidwa kuti wosinthika yemwe watsala akuwoneka kuti akuchita gawo la ntchito osankhika kwa iwo. Izi, ndithudi, zimapanga mphatso yabwino kwa anthu osankhika omwe ali ndi udindo wa boma-capitalist - mphatso yomwe imathandizanso kuonetsetsa kuti dongosolo lachisawawa la anthu likusungidwa.
Koma bwanji ngati zonsezi zili zosafunikira? Nanga bwanji ngati kusagwirizana kwakukulu kumeneku pamalingaliro sikunachokere chifukwa chotenga maudindo (monga onse a Marxists ndi anarchists akuwoneka kuti amakhulupirira) koma chifukwa cha kusaganiza bwino pakukonzekera? Nanga bwanji ngati mbali zonse ziwiri zikadapanda kuganizira mozama za momwe dongosolo la ndale la pambuyo pa boma lingawonekere motero silinaganizirepo leni njira zachitukuko kumanzere? Mwachidule, bwanji ngati Marxists ndi anarchists ali onse kupanga cholakwika chomwecho? Koma nchifukwa ninji osintha zinthu adasiya kupanga cholakwika chophatikiza ichi?
Ngakhale kusagwirizana kwawo kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino boma, Marxists ndi anarchists ali ndi zinthu zambiri zofanana. Mwina chofunikira kwambiri mwa izi ndi lingaliro lakuti, pamapeto pake, boma liyenera kupita. Lingaliro la izi ndi loti onse aulamuliro ndi asosholisti odziyimira pawokha amafunitsitsa kukhala opanda maphunziro ndipo amamvetsetsa kuti boma ndilo maziko osamalira katundu wamba komanso dongosolo lamagulu.[4] M'gulu la post-state / classless, amalingaliridwa, nzika zaufulu ndi zofanana zidzazindikira ndikukhala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mu chikhalidwe cha chiyanjano chaufulu, sipadzakhala kufunikira kwa ndondomeko ya ndale yokhazikika yomwe imakhazikitsa ndikukhazikitsa malamulo.
Ichi ndi lingaliro la ntchito - kuti palibe dongosolo la ndale lomwe likufunika m'gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi boma / anthu opanda magulu - kuti onse amagwirizanitsa osintha kumanzere ndikuwatsogolera Marxists ndi anarchists kunena kuti kuganiza za masomphenya a ndale pambuyo pa dziko sikofunikira. Ngati ndale zipitirizabe kukhalapo, mโgulu la anthu opanda magulu, ndiye kuti zidzagwira ntchito motsatira njira zosalongosoka. Miyambo yachitukuko yachitukuko idzapangitsa kuti kufunikira kwa malamulo okhazikika kusakhale kofunikira. Kusunga kapena kubweretsanso ndale zovomerezeka kumatanthauza kusunga kapena kubweretsanso dongosolo lamagulu. Mwachidule, ndale zokhazikika ndi zosafunikira komanso zosayenera.
Koma kodi izi ndi zoona? Kodi n'kutheka kuti maganizo amene anthu ambiri amavomereza zimenezi si zabodza komanso ndi zofooketsa komanso zogawanitsa anthu? Zingakhale choncho kuti a zovomerezeka ndale, m'gulu la anthu omwe ali ndi boma / anthu opanda magulu, angakhalebe ofunikira komanso ofunikira?[5] Malinga ndi Stephen Shalom, yankho ndi inde:
"Sitingaganizidwe kuti mikangano yamagulu ikatha, nkhani zandale zonse zimatha. Kusankhana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, kusankhana mitundu, ndi kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi siziri ntchito za maubwenzi apagulu; ndipo kungakhale kupusa kuganiza kuti nkhani monga kuchotsa mimba, chilungamo chobwezera, ufulu wa zinyama, ndi ufulu wa mibadwo yamtsogolo sizidzativutitsanso pambuyo pa kuukira boma.โ [6]
Ngati Shalom ali wolondola - ndipo n'zovuta kuona momwe angalakwire pa izi - ndiye zikuwoneka kuti kufunikira kwa ndondomeko ya ndale kudzapitirira ngakhale pambuyo pa kusintha. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, onse a Marxists ndi anarchists akhala akugwira ntchito kuchokera ku lingaliro labodza.
Vuto lenileni la njira iyi ya ndale yosavomerezeka, komabe, ndi yakuti imalephera kuzindikira zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwenikweni pakukhazikitsa, kuwunika ndi kutsata malamulo. Monga Michael Albert adanenera, "Zowonadi, m'dera labwino zifukwa zambiri zaupandu zitha kuthetsedwa ndipo zigawenga zitha kukhala zocheperako, koma sizitanthauza kuti sipadzakhala umbanda". Akupitiriza kuti:
"Ndipo lingaliro lakuti apolisi adzafunika koma atha kuchitidwa mwaufulu kwathunthu samveka ngati kunena kuti ndege zowuluka kapena kuchita opaleshoni yaubongo zidzafunika koma zitha kuchitika mwaufulu. Zimalephera kuzindikira kuti apolisi, makamaka apolisi ofunikira, monga ndege zowuluka kapena kuchita opaleshoni, amaphatikizapo luso lapadera ndi chidziwitso. Zimalephera kuzindikira kufunikira kwa maphunziro komanso malamulo apadera opewera kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa udindo wa apolisi (kapena mayendedwe kapena azachipatala). [7]
"Malamulo apadera" omwe Albert amawatchula nthawi zambiri amalembedwa m'makhalidwe abwino. Ngakhale kuphwanya malamulowa sikuyenera kukhala milandu, komabe, kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zake zazikulu. Chitsanzo chabwino cha izi chikhoza kupezeka mu ntchito ya unamwino kumene kuphwanya malamulo a khalidwe kungayambitse kuchotsedwa kwa kaundula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoletsedwa kugwira ntchito ngati namwino. Pakali pano, dongosololi likuthandizidwa ndi ulamuliro wa boma. Komabe, palibe chifukwa chomwe dongosolo lomweli silingathe kugwira ntchito mkati mwa gulu la pambuyo pa boma ndikugwira ntchito ku ntchito zonse.
Ngati Marxists ndi anarchists atha kuona kuti dongosolo la ndale lokhazikika lidzakhala lofunikira pambuyo pa kusintha ndi kuti n'zotheka kukhala ndi ndale zovomerezeka popanda kusunga ndi / kapena kubweretsanso ulamuliro waulamuliro wa gulu la kalasi ndiye kuti akhoza kugwirizanitsanso osintha omwe anasiya. Izi ndi zomwe akuluakulu amaopa kwambiri. Chisinthiko chogwirizana chomwe chatsalira ndichomwenso dziko lapansi likufunikira kwambiri. Kukhala ndi malingaliro omveka bwino a nthawi yayitali pazalamulo ndi dongosolo kumapangitsanso wosinthayo kukhala wosangalatsa kwa anthu onse.[8] Popanda kuthandizidwa koteroko, woukira yemwe watsala adzakhalabe wopanda ntchito kapena wankhanza.
[KUPEREKA POYAMBA: Mark Evans | WOLEMBA: Collective 20 (Andrej Grubacic, Brett Wilkins, Bridget Meehan, Cynthia Peters, Don Rojas, Emily Jones, Justin Podur, Mark Evans, Medea Benjamin, Michael Albert, Noam Chomsky, Oscar Chacon, Peter Bohmer, Savvina Chowdhury, Vincent Emanuele) ]
[Mgulu 20 ndi gulu la olemba lomwe lili m'malo osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Ena achichepere, ena achikulire; ena okonza ndi olemba kwa nthawi yayitali, ena akungoyamba kumene, koma onse amadzipereka mofanana kuti apereke kusanthula, masomphenya, ndi njira zothandiza kuti tipambane anthu abwino kwambiri kuposa momwe tikupiririra panopa. Mamembala a Collective 20 akuyembekeza kuti zopereka zawo zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndale, zachuma, ndi zachilengedwe zidzatulutsa zofunikira zambiri komanso kufalitsa uthenga wabwino kudzera muzofalitsa zophatikizana kusiyana ndi anthu omwe amadzichitira okha. Collective 20's cumulative work ikupezeka pa gulu20.org, komwe mungaphunzire zambiri za gululi, onani zolemba zake zakale, ndi ndemanga pa work.]
zolemba
- kuchokera Kutsutsa kwa Authoritarian Socialism mu Daniel Guerin Anarchism.
- Monga ziphunzitso, zonse za marxism ndi anarchism zidawonekera mu theka loyamba la zaka za zana la 19. Pofika m'chaka cha 1872, kugawanika kwakukulu kunali kunachitika mkati mwa kumanzere. Zikupitirirabe mpaka lero.
- Komabe, pali zitsanzo za mikwingwirima ya marxism ndi anarchism yomwe ikuwoneka kuti ikugwirizana - khonsolo-communism ndi anarcho-syndicalism, mwachitsanzo - koma izi zikuwoneka ngati zosiyana ndi lamuloli.
- Kuwona katundu wamba ngati gwero lokha la dongosolo la kalasi ndi cholakwika china chodziwika bwino chakusintha kumanzere. Kuthana ndi cholakwika ichi, komabe, kumapitilira kuchuluka kwa nkhaniyo.
- Michael Albert akutsutsa, kwenikweni, kuti ndale sizidzakhala zofunikira komanso zofunidwa koma kufunika kwake kudzawonjezeka: "Mapangidwe a moyo wa ndale adzasintha, inde, koma kufunika kwake kwa nzika kudzakula sikungachepetse." (Kuzindikira Chiyembekezo: Life Beyond Capitalism, p32).
- kuchokera ku: Ndale za Gulu Labwino
- Kuchokera ku Mutu 2 wa Kuzindikira Chiyembekezo: Moyo Woposa Ukapitalizimu.
- Kuti mupeze zokambirana zabwino pa izi onani: https://www.patreon.com/posts/30335207
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