M'njira yophatikizidwa ndi mzimu wa Western Orientalism, monga momwe Edward Said anafotokozera, Arabu ena amakhulupirira kuti malingaliro opondereza akhazikika pakati pa Aarabu anzawo ambiri chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo komanso maphunziro awo.

Mmodzi wochirikiza maganizo oterowo m’mbuyo motalikirapo anali Moncef Marzouki, pulezidenti wa kusintha wa Tunisia, pamene adakali ku France monga wotsutsa ku ukapolo wa pulezidenti wakale, wankhanza Zine el Abidine Ben Ali.

mu nkhani adasindikiza patsamba la Al Jazeera pa 19 February 2010, Marzouki adatchula katswiri waku France Beatrice Hibou (yemwe ali pasukulu ya Orientalist), wolemba Mphamvu Yomvera: Chuma Chandale Zakuponderezana ku Tunisia, kulongosola “kumvera” kwa anthu a ku Tunisia amene amati “amamvera” olamulira ankhanza awo powasonyeza kuti anali ndi maganizo okhazikika m’mibadwo yawo yonse (mfundozi zatsutsidwa mwamphamvu ndi katswiri wamaphunziro wa ku Tunisia, Mahmoud Ben Romdhane m’buku laposachedwapa lachifalansa).

Marzouki ananena kuti aliyense amene angawerenge buku la Hibou “amvetsetsa kuti chimene chimadodometsa maganizo a Azungu ponena za Aarabu ndi kuthekera kwathu kopambana kumvera olamulira achinyengo kwambiri, pamene chikhalidwe cha Azungu chimazikidwa pa kukana kumvera chisalungamo ndi kuvomereza ufulu wochitsutsa.”

Chifukwa chake adawonjezera chithunzi cha Orientalist cha Aluya chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha "chikhalidwe chakumadzulo" ngati kuti chinali choperekedwa kwamuyaya, ponyalanyaza mfundo yakuti maulamuliro opondereza kwambiri m'mbiri yamakono adakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse pakati pa zitukuko ziwiri zakale kwambiri zaku Western. , Italy ndi Germany. Izi zikunyalanyazanso mfundo yakuti, mbiri yamakono isanayambe, Kumadzulo kunadutsa nthawi yaitali ya ulamuliro wachifumu weniweni.

Marzouki anapita patsogolo, akuposa wa Orientalist wa ku France: "Tengani munthu wa ku Tunisia kapena Aigupto kapena Yemeni akuyenda mumsewu ndikumuyika pampando. Pali mwayi wa 90 peresenti kuti achite m'njira yosiyana kwambiri ndi ya Ben Ali kapena Mubarak kapena Saleh. "

Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kwachiarabu komwe kulipo pano pokhudzana ndi chifaniziro cha Aluya ndikuti idasokoneza karicature yopangidwa ndi Western Orientalism yokhudza kugonjera kwa Aarabu komanso chikhalidwe cha Aarabu kapena Chisilamu ku ukapolo, ngati kuti Aarabu amadana ndi ufulu komanso amakonda nkhanza.

Kusintha kwamphamvu komwe kudayamba ku Tunisia komwe kudakali koyambirira kwatsimikizira dziko lonse lapansi kuti Aarabu amadana ndi nkhanza ndipo amalakalaka ufulu wocheperako kuposa anthu ena onse. Zinatsimikiziranso kuti pamene "adafuna moyo" - kubwereka ku vesi lodziwika bwino la wolemba ndakatulo wa ku Tunisia Abul-Qasim al-Shabi - ndipo adatha kuthetsa chotchinga cha mantha, adakwaniritsa zipolowe zomwe zidakhala chitsanzo chotsanzira padziko lonse lapansi.

Marzouki mwiniyo atabwerera ku Tunisia kugwa kwa Ben Ali, adagonja kwambiri ndi chisangalalo cha kusinthaku kotero kuti, kwakanthawi, adagwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwamagulu monga momwe adakhalira kumanzere, ndikusindikiza pa 10 Marichi 2011 mizere iyi:

“Osintha zinthu si amene amatuta zipatso za kusinthaku. Pambuyo pa osintha akubwera nthawi ya mwayi, ndipo pambuyo pa epic imabwera nthawi ya ziyembekezo zolephera. Kwa osauka a Sidi Bouzid kubwerera ku umphawi wawo ndipo okhala kumanda ku Cairo amabwerera kumanda awo. Palibe njira zothanirana ndi vutoli zomwe zimaperekedwa kumavuto awo, koma malonjezo ambiri omwe angakwaniritsidwe kapena sangakwaniritsidwe. ”

“Ponena za amene amapindula kwambiri, kwa ife ndi a bourgeoisie: iwo anali ndi moyo wabwino pansi pa nkhanza koma miyoyo yawo inali yoipitsidwa ndi katangale wake ndi kupondereza kwawo ufulu. Ndi kutha kwa nkhanza, ma bourgeoisie - kupyolera mu nsembe za odzichepetsa ndi osauka - amawonjezera ku ufulu wake wachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha ndale zomwe adakanidwa, pamene anthu osauka amapeza ufulu wa ndale umene sudyetsa pakamwa panjala. "

Nzeru zotchuka zimati mphamvu imawononga. Atakhala pulezidenti wa Tunisia, Moncef Marzouki sanathenso kumvetsa chifukwa chake anthu a ku Sidi Bouzid anakana kubwerera ku umphaŵi wawo, kukana malonjezo opanda pake, ndipo anaumirira njira zothetsera mavuto awo. Mwadzidzidzi anawona kukana kwawo ndi kuumirira kwawo kukhala kosautsa kwambiri kotero kuti anafikira kubwereka mikangano yanthaŵi zonse ya ankhanzawo, monga ngati kuti anafuna kutsimikizira zimene analemba zaka ziŵiri zapitazo.

Atafunsidwa poyankhulana ndi Al Jazeera pa 20 January 2012 za zionetsero zotchuka zomwe sizinathe ku Tunisia kuyambira pamene wankhanzayo anagwa, Marzouki anayankha kuti, kumbali imodzi, ndi zotsatira za cholowa cha boma lomwe linachotsedwa komanso zachuma. ziwalo. Kumene anawonjezera kuti:

"Komanso, palinso kudyerana masuku pamutu, kulowerera ndale, ndi kukopa anthu m'madera ena, mwina chifukwa cha kusasamala kapena ndi cholinga chowononga kusinthaku - zonsezi zikugwira ntchito. Pali anthu omwe ndimawaona kuti ndi osasamala ngati akumanzere omwe amati tsopano timakonda zigawenga, ndipo akudziwa kuti boma lino lili mwezi wake woyamba, izi ndizomwe ndikuwona kuti ndi zopanda ntchito. ”

Ndi nyimbo yakale yomwe anthu aku Tunisia ndi Aluya amaidziwa bwino: Unyinji sangawuke pawokha polimbana ndi moyo wawo womvetsa chisoni. Nthawi zonse pamakhala “oyambitsa zipolowe,” “oukira boma,” “olakwa,” ndi “ochita monyanyira” - amitundu yosiyanasiyana yandale - omwe amawalimbikitsa kuchita zionetsero ndi kuwukira.

Mfundo imeneyi ikulephera kumvetsa kuti kupsa mtima chifukwa cha kudyeredwa masuku pamutu ndi kuzunzika kumachititsa kuti anthu ayambe kusintha ndale. Imatembenuza mfundo imeneyi kukhala lingaliro lakuti anthu okhwima maganizo ndi amene amabweretsa mkwiyo wa anthu pa masautso ndi mazunzo.

Chomwe pulezidenti watsopano wa Tunisia walephera kumvetsetsa ndikuti kuyitanidwa kwake mu December watha kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu sikunayende bwino chifukwa sikunaperekedwe ndi pulogalamu iliyonse yosonyeza cholinga chenicheni cha boma latsopano la Tunisia kuti liyankhe. Zosowa zoonekeratu za anthu ndi zofuna zawo, zomwe anthu adapandukira ndikugwetsa Ben Ali.

Hamadi Jebali, mtsogoleri wa Ennahda Movement ndi nduna yaikulu ya boma la kusintha la Tunisia, sanazengereze kunena pa Al Jazeera (22 January 2012) kuti kuchepa kwachuma ku Tunisia chaka chathachi "ndi chifukwa cha zochitika za sit- kutsekereza misewu, ndi sitiraka zantchito.” Anawonjezeranso kuti zionetsero zazikuluzikuluzi zidalepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma projekiti atsopano omwe apereka mwayi "zambiri" zantchito.

M'mawu ake am'mbuyomu a Marzouki, mabwana omwe ali paudindo masiku ano akufuna unyinji wa anthu kuthetsa kulimbana kwawo tsopano popeza wolamulira wankhanza wagonjetsedwa ndipo akufuna "osauka a Sidi Bouzid abwerere ku umphawi wawo…Palibe njira zothanirana ndi mavuto omwe aperekedwa pamavuto awo, malonjezo ochuluka okha omwe angathe kapena sangakwaniritsidwe. Ponena za amene amapindula kwambiri, ndi a bourgeoisie: iwo ankasangalala ndi moyo wabwino pansi pa nkhanza koma miyoyo yawo inali yoipitsidwa ndi katangale ndi kupondereza kwake ufulu. Ndi kutha kwa nkhanza, ma bourgeoisie - kupyolera mu nsembe za odzichepetsa ndi osauka - amawonjezera ku ufulu wake wachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha ndale zomwe adakanidwa, pamene anthu osauka amapeza ufulu wa ndale umene sudyetsa pakamwa panjala. "

Mmodzi safunikira kuzindikira kodabwitsa kuti azindikire kuti opambana pa chisankho choyamba pambuyo pa zigawenga ndi maboma alidi okonda mwayi osati osintha zinthu, monga momwe Marzouki mwiniwakeyo adanenera pamene adakhudzidwabe ndi chisangalalo ndi nzeru za kusintha.

Kudzudzula kunyanyala ntchito ndi kuwaimba mlandu chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwachuma kwa dzikolo, komanso kuimba nyimbo yakale imodzimodziyo ya “ochita monyanyira” ndi “oukira” a “kumanzere” kwa “kumanzere,” kwakhala chinenero chofala cha olamulira atsopano aŵiri ku Tunisia ndi Egypt. , m’njira yotikumbutsa mosatsutsika za maulamuliro amene anachotsedwa.

Koma unyinji wa anthu omwe tsiku lina adalakalaka kukhala ndi moyo ndikupeza kukoma kwaufulu sadzasiya kuvutikira ndikuchita zionetsero "tsoka lisanayankhe kuitana kwawo," ngakhale patatha zaka zingapo.

Gilbert Achcar amaphunzitsa pa School of Oriental and African Studies ya University of London.

  

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