Unali fanizo loyenera pamene Dominique Strauss-Kahn, woyang'anira wamkulu wa International Monetary Fund (IMF) adamangidwa pa milandu yomenya, kuyesa kugwiririra komanso kugwiriridwa. Milanduyi idabwerezedwa pambuyo poti Strauss-Kahn adamenya mzimayi waku Africa waku Guinea, yemwe amagwira ntchito yosamalira m'nyumba mu hotelo ku New York City. Chithunzi cha Strauss-Kahn m'manja mwa manja chinali choyenera mpaka pano chifukwa ichi ndi chithunzi chomwe chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa dongosolo lonse lazachuma lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe limakhazikika ku Bretton Woods Institutions. Kwa zaka zoposa 60, mabungwewa (IMF ndi World Bank) akhala akugwiririra nzika za dziko lapansi, makamaka nzika za mayiko osauka, m'malo mwa United States ndi mayiko akuluakulu a capitalist ku Ulaya. IMF yakhala kutsogolo kwa ambuye azachuma a Wall Street ku USA, ndipo maulalo pakati pa IMF/Wall Street ndi US Treasury adawonetsetsa kuti osauka padziko lapansi apereka ndalama zothandizira asitikali aku US. Monga mabwenzi ang'onoang'ono mu mndandanda waulamuliro wa ufumu, a ku Ulaya adagwira ntchito ndi mgwirizano wa Wall Street-Treasury kuti awonetsetse kuti ngakhale akupereka mikangano yokhudza mpikisano wa msika waulere, ulimi ku Ulaya ndi USA kuthandizidwa. Pofunafuna mgwirizano wa ogwirira ndalama ndi zigawenga zachuma, linali lamulo losalembedwa kuti woyang'anira wamkulu wa IMF ayenera kukhala wa ku Ulaya.
Nduna yazachuma yaku France yapano ikuchita kampeni molimbika kuti akhale woyang'anira wotsatira ndipo walandira thandizo kuchokera ku bungwe lomwe lawonongeka kwambiri ngati IMF, Gulu la 8 (G8). Ndi muyeso wa kupanda ulemu komwe ma capitalist ali nawo ku Africa kuti anganene Christine Lagarde ngati wosankhidwa kukhala woyang'anira wotsatira. France yakhala patsogolo pakufunkha kwakukulu kwa Africa ndi mayiko aku Europe, ndipo IMF yatenga nawo gawo pazofunkhazi. France ikupitirizabe kukhala malo otetezeka a ndalama zobedwa kwa Afirika ndi ma kleptocrats a ku Africa ndi akuluakulu a kumadzulo ndi mabungwe. IMF yathandiza popereka chitetezo kwa anthu aku Europe ndi North America pamilandu yogwiririra anthu aku Africa.
Ambiri ku France omwe amadzitcha asosholisti akhala akukana kugwiriridwa kwa Africa. Mโmalo mochirikiza omenyera ufulu monga Eva Joly amene akhala akuulula zachinyengo ndi katangale za ku France mu Africa, โsocialistsโ ameneลตa amanena kuti Strauss-Kahn anakhazikitsidwa. Mtumiki wakale wa zachikhalidwe a Jack Lang adalongosola kuchitira kwa Strauss-Kahn ngati "chipongwe" chomwe "chidadzetsa mantha ndikudzutsa kuipidwa". Mwachiwonekere, mamembala a gulu lachiyanjano lachi French socialist samamvetsetsa lynching yeniyeni yomwe ili mbali ya dongosolo latsankho la capitalism yakumadzulo. Zowonadi, mphindi ino yakuimbidwa mlandu wansembe wamkulu wa IMF wobadwira ku France pa milandu yomenyedwa ndi munthu waku Africa ndi nthawi yabwino kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi kugwiriridwa kwachuma kwazaka zambiri ndi IMF padziko lonse lapansi. kuyitanitsa kuthetsedwa kwa dongosolo la Bretton Woods ndikuyamba kukhazikitsa njira yatsopano yazachuma padziko lonse lapansi yokonzedwa kuti ikonzenso dziko lapansi komanso kumanganso moyo.
Panali ena othirira ndemanga mโmadera ena a maiko a BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, ndi South Africa) amene anali kufuna kuti woyangโanira watsopano alembedwe ntchito kuchokera kumaiko โotukukaโ. Malingaliro otere ndi amodzi okhawo omwe angathandize kutalikitsa moyo wa IMF pomwe mabungwe am'madera akutukuka ku Asia ndi Latin America kuti achoke ku Banki. M'malo mwake, kufalikira kwa mapulojekiti azandalama za m'chigawo komanso kukula kwazachuma kwa Bretton Woods padziko lonse lapansi zikuvutitsa anthu aku Africa kuti achotse zokolola zomwe zili pano za ogulitsa ma wheeler omwe amadziwonetsa ngati atsogoleri, ndikupanga utsogoleri watsopano kuti akwaniritse chidwi chake pakuphatikiza. wa African Monetary Fund. Kuzama koteroko kudzalimbitsa mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zakhala zikuchita kampeni motsutsana ndi IMF komanso kukhazikitsa njira yatsopano yazachuma.
KUFA KWApang'onopang'ono kwa BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM
Zomangamanga zachuma za Bretton Woods, zomwe zidabala IMF ndi World Bank, zimatengera mphamvu ndi kulamulira kwa dola yaku US, dongosolo lazachuma la US komanso malingaliro a capitalist pamsika waulere. Koma imfa yapang'onopang'ono ya IMF inayamba pambuyo pa kutha kwa ndondomeko yokhazikika yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ku Bretton Woods mu 1944. Pamene dongosolo la ndalama zowonongeka linatha mu 1971, dola ya US siinachirikidwenso ndi golide koma ndi mphamvu zankhondo zaku USA. M'mbuyomu, US idabisala kumbuyo kwa lingaliro la trilateralism, kutanthauza mgwirizano pakuwongolera dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi ndi Europe ndi Japan. Inali nthawi imeneyi pamene US inakhazikitsa misonkhano ya G-7 mu 1976. Pambuyo pa kuwuka kwa Ronald Reagan, akuluakulu a US capitalists adasankha kuyang'anira usilikali wa kayendetsedwe ka zachuma padziko lonse. Izi zinali zowoneka bwino pambuyo pa Plaza Accords ya Seputembara 1985, pomwe Ronald Reagan adauza a Germany ndi Japan kuti akuyenera kuthandizira chuma cha US chifukwa US inali ndi asitikali akumayiko awo. Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union mu 1991, anthu a ku Russia anaitanidwa ku misonkhano ya G-7 imeneyi ndipo gululo linali kutchedwa G-8. Macapitalist aku US adalowamo kuti athetse chuma cha Soviet ndikutsegula njira yaulamuliro watsopano wa olanda ndi owononga ndalama ku Russia. Mabaron awa a capitalism yaku Russia adaphatikizidwa m'dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi lomwe limathandizira dola.
Anthu aku Russia adasankha kulowa nawo ma capitalist apadziko lonse lapansi m'malo molumikizana ndi mawu ndi G-77 (Brazil, India, China, Malaysia, Mexico, South Korea ndi mayiko ena) kuti asinthe malamulo a dongosolo lomwe dola yaku US inali ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri. ndale zapadziko lonse lapansi ngati ndalama zosungira. Chivomerezo chachikulu chinapangidwa mu 2008 pambuyo pa kugwa kwa nyumba zosungiramo ndalama za US ndipo tsatanetsatane wa kupsinjika maganizo kunali koonekeratu kuti sangafotokoze. Msonkhano wofulumira wa G-20 unachitika mu November 2008, kutsatira kugwa kwa banki ya ndalama ya Lehman Brothers ndi mantha a tsiku ndi tsiku a kugwa kwachuma padziko lonse.
Kwa zaka zonse za kayendetsedwe ka Bush (2001-2009), mafunso akuluakulu okhudzana ndi tsogolo la International Monetary Fund (IMF) ndi udindo wapadera wa dola adayikidwa kumbuyo ndi ulendo wankhondo wamkuwa wa US. Kumayambiriro kwa utsogoleri wa Bush vuto lachuma cha US lidakhala chiwopsezo ku IMF yokha, mpaka pomwe IMF idachenjeza US kuti ngongoleyo ndi yopanda malire. Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Bush, nyuzipepala ya New York Times inafalitsa lipoti pa 8 January 2004, ikuwulula kuti 'IMF Ichenjeza Kuti Ngongole Ya US Ikuwopsyeza Kukhazikika Padziko Lonse.'
15 Seputembala 2008 idavumbulutsa kudziko lapansi kupusa kwa dongosolo lazachuma la US komanso kubwereza kwa malingaliro a neoliberal omwe akhala akulimbikitsa misika yaulere. Pamene abale Lehman anagwa ndipo panali kusungunuka kwa dongosolo, boma la US sanapite ku IMF koma unilaterally kupopera US $ 25 thililiyoni mu dongosolo zachuma kusunga US ufumu hegemony. Masiku ano, kugwiriridwa kophiphiritsa kwa chuma cha Third World tsopano kwalimbikitsidwa ndi kugwiriridwa kwenikweni ndi kugwiriridwa ndi wansembe wamkulu wa IMF, magulu amphamvu a capitalist mkati mwa United States of America amanjenjemera pachimake panjira zandale zapadziko lonse lapansi. bungwe lazachuma komanso njira yachuma yoyendetsedwa ndi ogula zomwe zikupanga kusatetezeka kumadera onse adziko lapansi.
Kuwonongeka kwapadziko lonse chifukwa chavutoli ku United States kwadzetsa nkhawa padziko lonse lapansi. Kaya ndi malingaliro a mayiko omwe amapanga mafuta a Gulf Cooperation Council pakupanga ndalama imodzi, kapena kuyesetsa kwamphamvu kukhazikitsa Bank of the South ku Latin America, pali njira zosiyanasiyana za mayiko omwe akufuna chitetezo ku kusakhazikika. za kukhumudwa komanso kukhudza komwe kungachitike pa dollar ngati ndalama zamalonda zapadziko lonse lapansi. Opikisana nawo omwe akuchulukirachulukira aku Asia akufuna njira zochepetsera ma depositi awo omwe amasungidwa m'madola mokomera makonzedwe atsopano azachuma kuti achepetse kuwonekera kwawo kumavuto azachuma aku USA. Atsogoleri aku China, makamaka, akhala akukonzekera kusinthana kwa ndalama kuti achepetse kuwonekera kwawo ku dola pomwe zigawo zina za utsogoleri waku China zikuyitanitsa dongosolo la ndalama za tricolor zokhazikika mu Dollar, Yuro, ndi Chinese Renminbi (Yuan).
Pansi pa ulamuliro wobisika koma womveka bwino wa mabanki aku Germany ndi olamulira aku Germany, European Union yayesetsa kulimbikitsa kuphatikizana kwachuma ku Europe ngati gawo limodzi la mpikisano ndi ma capitalist ochokera ku US. Komabe, vuto la kayendetsedwe kazachuma lakulitsa kutsutsa kwa ogwira ntchito ku Ulaya omwe akutsutsa njira zochepetsera ndalama zomwe akufuna kuti azilipira mabanki pomwe anthu akuvutika. Pakati pa zionetserozi ku Ulaya, akatswiri a zaku US akufuna kugwa kwa Eurozone kuti Euro isakhale njira ina ya dola yomwe ikugwa.
Pazinthu zonse zachigawo zotsutsana ndi ulamuliro wachuma ku US, ndi ku Latin America komwe kuli mawu omveka bwino kuti ntchito ya Bank of the South ili ndi masomphenya 'omasula mayiko a m'deralo ku IMF, World Bank ndi Inter-American. Development Bank (IBD) ikulamulira anthu mamiliyoni ambiri ku umphaลตi.โ Dera la Latin America linali malo amodzi kumene kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu zotchuka (akazi, achinyamata, okhala mโmidzi, oteteza zachilengedwe, olimbikitsa mtendere, anthu amtundu wamba ndi magulu odana ndi tsankho) anakakamizika kudutsa. malingaliro otsutsa kuti ayambe kusweka ndi dollar hegemony. Mkati mwa Latin America, kusintha kwakukulu kwa osankhidwa kunabweretsa pakati pa zipani zamphamvu ndi atsogoleri omwe amawona Bank of South ngati sitepe imodzi yopita ku mgwirizano wa zachuma ndi ndale m'deralo. Masomphenya awa akufotokozedwa popanga njira ya Bolivarian Alternative ku Latin America ndi Caribbean. Sizinangochitika mwangozi kuti munthu waku France atsogolere Bungwe la International Monetary Fund adapita ku Brazil kukapempha thandizo pazantchito zake, koma omwe adamulandila akadali pampando wofuna kuthandizira ku Europe kapena kutaya mphamvu zawo kuseri kwa malingaliro ena, kuphatikiza. kuthandizira opikisana nawo ochokera kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
Pankhani ya njira zina za m'madera m'malo mwa IMF, dera lomwe kupuma kuli kofunika kwambiri ndi ku Africa komwe kuli chuma chambiri pakati pa umphawi wodetsa nkhawa. Monga momwe akuganizira za Gulf Cooperation Council, pakali pano pali zoyesayesa za African Union (AU) kuti akhazikitse ndalama imodzi. Mu Afirika, anthu akhala akutsutsa mfundo za utsamunda ndi neocolonialism, zomwe zinachititsa kuti tsankho lithe mu 1994. mabungwe a International capitalism. Nyerere analankhula mosapita mโmbali pamene anafunsa kuti, โKodi tiyenera kufa ndi njala ana athu kuti tilipire ngongole?โ Kuli ku Tanzania kumene kunali anthu otsutsa kwambiri mfundo za IMF.
Kuchokera kwa anthu wamba ku Bamako ku Mali kupita kwa anthu okhala m'midzi ya ku South Africa, pali magulu a anthu omwe amatsutsana ndi kubedwa kwa chuma cha ku Africa ndikupempha anthu osauka omwe akugwira ntchito kuti 'athane ndi ziwonetsero zonse za chisalungamo, ndi kuteteza ulemu wawo waumunthu mwa kuchitapo kanthu mwachindunji.' Akatswiri amene akhala akulingalira za kugwirizana pakati pa jenda, chisamaliro ndi zachuma atha kusokoneza neo-classical, Marxist ndi kumvetsetsa kwaufulu kwa maubwenzi azachuma omwe samaphatikizapo mphamvu zogwirira ntchito za akazi. Mavutowa ochokera kwa amayi apakati akuwonekera kwambiri m'madera omwe akukula mofulumira omwe alowetsa maganizo akuti machitidwe a neoliberal economics amapanga maziko a chitukuko. Azimayi akumwera kwapadziko lonse akhala akulankhula mosabisa mawu ponena za kuponderezana kosiyanasiyana komwe kumachokera ku ndondomeko zosintha za IMF. Buku la Gloria Thomas-Emeagwali, โWomen Pay the Price of Structural Adjustment in Africa and the Caribbeanโ, linasonyeza kuonekera kwa kugwirizana pakati pa nkhanza za mafuko, zachuma ndi za amuna ndi akazi. Ntchito yake komanso ya azimayi ena aku Africa atha kukopeka kuti afotokoze zomwe Dominique Strauss-Kahn anachita.
Kugwiriridwa kofananira kwachuma komwe anthu aku Africa ndi Kummwera kwapadziko lonse adapirira kwazaka makumi ambiri tsopano sikungowonekera m'lingaliro lenileni ndi zochita za Strauss-Kahn; sichilinsonso ku Dziko Lachitatu pamene ikufalikira kumadera a Azungu, mwa njira yochepetsera mphamvu yomwe yayambitsa kutsutsa. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2009, zotsatira za kupanduka kwa achinyamata ku Greece zinali zolimbikitsa ziwonetsero ndi ziwonetsero zochokera ku Guadeloupe ku Caribbean kupita ku Iceland ndi Ireland. Pofika nthawi yomwe zigawenga zidayamba ku Tunisia ndi Egypt, capitalism yapadziko lonse lapansi inali yodzitchinjiriza. Strauss Kahn atagwidwa, ndi mathalauza ake pansi, mantha a capitalism apangitsa kuti anthu atsekedwe kumbuyo kwa munthu waku France kuti athetseretu zokambirana zazikulu zakukonzanso IMF.
Izi ndizochitika zomwe zimatsutsana ndi neoliberalism komanso njira zochepetsera za Bretton Woods momwe pali zokambirana za wolowa m'malo wa Strauss Kahn. Bungwe la British Guardian linanena mwachidule zomwe zachitika pa 31 January 2009: 'Nthawi ya mavuto a ku Ulaya ikusonkhanitsa kuya ndi kukula. Maboma akunjenjemera. Kupanduka kuli mโmlengalenga.โ Munthu wocheperapo ndi Mervyn King, bwanamkubwa wa Bank of England analimbikitsa antchito ku United Kingdom kuti adzuke nโkutsutsa mabanki. Iye ananena kuti anadabwa kuti anthu wamba sanakwiyire mabankiwo. King adati anthu adasowa ntchito ndipo mabizinesi adasokonekera panthawi yamavuto ali ndi zifukwa zomveka zokwiyira ndikuwonetsa ziwonetsero zawo. Iye adauza komiti yosankhidwa ndi Treasury kuti mabiliyoni omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira mabanki komanso kufunikira kochepetsera ndalama za boma ndi vuto la gawo lazachuma.
Tiwonjezeranso kuti kuseri kwa makampani azachuma ndi IMF.
ULAYA AMAOPA IMFA YA ZINTHU
Tsiku lililonse likadutsa pali zizindikiro zoonekeratu za kuya kwa vuto la capitalist padziko lonse lapansi. Njira zochepetsera ndalama zopulumutsa mabanki ku Europe zakulitsa kukana kwa ogwira ntchito, achinyamata ndi ophunzira. Mkati mwa United States, kuchuluka kwa ngongole tsopano kwayika dongosolo la US kukhala pachiwopsezo pomwe mlembi wachuma, a Timothy Geithner (membala wa Board of Governors of IMF) akulemba mabukuwa kuti achedwetse kufunikira kwa zisankho zovuta kuti ayambirenso. dongosolo lomwe US โโโโimatha kugwiritsa ntchito madola thililiyoni pankhondo pomwe masukulu ndi zipatala zili ndi njala. Akatswiri azachuma, azandalama, atolankhani, opanga malamulo, andale ndi ongopeka amanena kuti dongosolo lonse lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi tsopano lili mโmavuto. Kaya ndi machenjezo a George Soros amene anapitiriza kulira kuti, zomwe tikukumana nazo ndi vuto la 'dongosolo lalikulu la kayendedwe ka magazi' la 'dziko lonse la capitalist system yomwe ... kum'mwera, pali mawu omwe awonetsa kuti capitalism ikudutsa nthawi yodziwika bwino.
Katswiri wakale wazachuma wa IMF, a Simon Johnson, adati opereka ndalama tsopano akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo kuti aletse kusintha komwe kukufunika. Johnson, yemwe adalemba za 'Quiet Coup' pokhudzana ndi mphamvu zandale za mabanki ndi azandalama ku United States, adawona pambuyo pake m'buku lake, '13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown', kuti zachuma. oligarchs sangathe kuyimitsa kuthamangira kwachuma chatsopano. Funso ndilakuti ngati anthu padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka ku Africa ali okonzekera njira zina pamene kusokonezeka uku kudzachitika.
Malinga ndi Johnson, โZimene timayangโanizana nazo tsopano zingakhale zoipitsitsa kuposa Chisoni Chachikulu Chachumaโchifukwa chakuti dzikoli tsopano likugwirizana kwambiri ndi chifukwa chakuti mabanki tsopano ndi aakulu kwambiri.โ Pazovuta ndi kuzama kwa vutolo. Simon Johnson sali yekha. Polemba mu Financial Times yochokera ku London pa 8 Marichi 2009, a Martin Wolf ananena kuti:
โSizingatheke pakusintha koteroko kudziwa kumene tikupita. Mโzaka za chipwirikiti za mโma 1970, oลตerengeka analingalira kuti nyengo yotsatira idzawona kutha kwa kukwera kwa mitengo, kumasulidwa kwa ukapitalisti ndi imfa ya chikominisi. Zomwe zichitike tsopano zimadalira zosankha zomwe sizinapangidwe komanso zowopsa zomwe sizikudziwika. Komabe kuphatikiza kugwa kwachuma ndi kugwa kwakukulu kwachuma, ngati sikuli koyipa kwambiri, kudzasintha dziko lapansi. Kuvomerezeka kwa msika kudzafooketsa. Kudalirika kwa US kudzawonongeka. Ulamuliro waku China udzakwera. Kudalirana kwa mayiko komwe kungayambike. Iyi ndi nthawi yachisokonezo. Mikangano yaumisiri yochuluka yokhudzana ndi kufunikira kwa kuwongolera misika yazachuma koma njira izi zikulephera kuzindikira chikhalidwe cha ndale cha kupsinjika maganizo ndi kufunikira kwa kupumula kwakukulu ndi kupanga chikhalidwe cha chuma cha anthu ambiri ndi kudzikundikira ndi ochepa.
Machenjezo awa ochokera kwa olemba ndemanga ambiri amafuna kusokoneza chidwi cha anthu aku South omwe akuponderezedwa omwe akufuna kuti athetse dongosolo la Bretton Woods ndikukonzekera misonkho yowonjezereka kwa mabanki, makamaka panthawi yochepa ndi msonkho wamalonda.
NTHAWI YOMALIRA IMF
Kuchokera kumbali zonse ziwiri za Atlantic pali kuyitana kwa kusweka kwa mabanki akuluakulu kuti awapangitse kuti aziyankha. Maitanidwewa akuyenera kulumikizidwa ndi mphamvu zodziwika bwino m'misewu kuti alumikizane ndi otsutsa mabanki motsutsana ndi IMF. Pa zionetsero zotsutsana ndi dziko lapansi, kugwirizana kunapangidwa pakati pa mitundu yonse ya kuponderezana. Msonkhano wa United Nations World Conference Against Racism (WCAR) womwe unachitikira ku Durban mu September 2001 unabweretsa patsogolo kufunika kokonzanso maubwenzi a anthu polimbana ndi tsankho mu chuma cha dziko. Mu pulogalamu yochitirapo kanthu, msonkhano uno udapereka malingaliro azamalamulo, njira zophunzitsira ndi kubweza ngati gawo limodzi la pulogalamu yapagawo yoletsa kusagwirizana ndi kubwerezabwereza kwankhondo. Pomwe malingaliro a WCAR adatsutsa mphamvu za atsogoleri a NATO, malingalirowo adayimitsidwa pomwe atsogoleri aku USA adalimbikitsa zankhondo padziko lapansi.
Samir Amin adazindikira malire a mayankho aukadaulo pavutoli ndipo adamvetsetsa bwino zifukwa zomwe mayiko a United States ndi mayiko a NATO (otchedwa mayiko akunja) adathandizira msonkhano wa G20 koma adatsutsa msonkhano wa Durban 2 ku Geneva kumapeto kwa Epulo, 2009. Ndi ku Latin America pakati pa mbadwa za ku Africa kumene tsopano pali gulu logwirizanitsa tsankho momveka bwino ndi milandu ya capitalism ndi kusankhana mitundu.
Boma la Barack Obama ku Washington linazindikira zofooka za lingaliro la 'nkhondo yonse' yomwe idaphatikizidwa mu 'nkhondo yowopsa' ndipo yafunafuna ubale wolumikizana ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Njira yoyanjanitsirayi, komabe, sinachirikizidwe ndi kuchotsedwa kwankhondo padziko lonse lapansi; ndipo silinafotokoze kusiyana kwakukulu mu dongosolo la mayiko. M'malo mwake, chiyanjanitso, mwa zina, cholinga chake ndi kupeza njira zatsopano zowonjezera moyo wa IMF ndikukhalabe ndi mbiri yakale ya dola. Boma la Obama limathandizira gulu lankhondo lamphamvu motero likudzipereka kuthandizira oligarchy yazachuma, mosasamala kanthu za ndalama zomwe anthu onse amakumana nazo.
Zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa bungwe la Bretton Woods komanso pakati pa kuvutika maganizo kwatsopano, funso lovuta kwa anthu ambiri, makamaka omwe ali m'dziko logwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ndiloti ngati tafika kumapeto kwa dongosolo la Bretton Woods. . Kodi tsopano ndi nthawi yokhazikitsa International Bank for Reconstruction and Reparations? Funsoli liyenera kuikidwa patebulo kuti likonzenso zofunikira zogwirira ntchito komanso kufotokozera zolinga zatsopano za kumangidwanso kwaumunthu, kotero kuti kuchepa kwa dola sikuyambitsa 'kusintha kwadzidzidzi, kowawa komanso koopsa.'
Kuyika ndalama mwa anthu pa nthawi ino m'mbiri ya anthu si funso laluntha lomwe limachokera ku kufufuza koyenera kapena kolakwika. Ndichofunikira kwambiri, kotero kuti unyinji wa anthu mabiliyoni 6.9 padziko lapansi athe kupeza thanzi, chakudya, zovala, pogona ndi mikhalidwe yopezera chuma m'njira yomwe idzakulitsa moyo wa anthu onse a m'dziko. dziko.
Kugwa kwa ena mwa makampani ongoyerekeza aku US komanso kuwonongeka kwaposachedwa kwa hedge fund ndi amalonda otumphukira kukuwonetsa kuti kusokonekera kwachuma ndi kulephera kwa banki ku USA sikunali zochitika zongochitika kapena zochitika zenizeni koma zikuwonetsa kutsutsana kwakukulu kwa dongosolo la capitalist. . Vuto la capitalism ndilokhazikika ndipo silingasinthidwe. Mwa anthu ena a ku South Africa omwe anagwirizana ndi pempho lofuna mtsogoleri watsopano wochokera ku mayiko otukuka, panali zopempha kuti Trevor Manuel akhale mtsogoleri wa IMF. Lingaliro lotereli limapatutsa chidwi pakufunika kokambitsirana mokhazikika pa nthawi yothetsa IMF. Munthawi yakufa iyi, katswiri wina waukatswiri waku US adapempha kuti aku China akhale ma imperialists ndi USA. Zbigniew Brzezinski adapempha kukhazikitsidwa kwa G2 pakati pa USA ndi China.
Okonda zachilengedwe, omenyera ufulu wachikazi komanso olimbikitsa mtendere akupanga gulu lomwe zosowa za anthu zimabwera patsogolo pakupeza phindu komanso moyo wabwino wa anthu ochepa. Ndigwirizana ndi omwe amatsutsa kuti IMF ndi World Bank ziyenera kuthetsedwa. Pakhala pali zokambirana zosintha zaka khumi zapitazi koma kusinthaku kwangolimbitsa udindo wa ma capitalist a Anglo-Saxon. Strauss-Kahn adatchedwa wokonzanso ndipo tsopano dziko lapansi likumvetsetsa momwe kusintha kukuwonekera kwa IMF. Yakwana nthawi yoti tiike IMF ndi utsogoleri wa Strauss-Kahn ndikumanga nyumba zatsopano zachuma zomwe zimayika ndalama pakukonzanso ndi kumanganso moyo ndi dziko lapansi, kutali ndi chiwonongeko, kuwononga anthu, kulanda, ndi kugwiriridwa zomwe zakhala chizindikiro. za zomangamanga zomwe zilipo.
Nkhaniyi inasinthidwa pa 3 June kuti 'Milanduyi inabweretsedwa pambuyo poti Strauss-Kahn anamenya mkazi wa ku Africa wochokera ku Guinea, yemwe ankagwira ntchito yosamalira nyumba mu hotelo ku New York City.'
Horace Campbell ndi pulofesa wa maphunziro aku Africa-America ndi sayansi yandale ku Syracuse University. Iye ndiye wolemba 'Barack Obama ndi Ndale za 21st Century: Nthawi Yosintha ku USA'. Mwaona www.horacecampbell.net.
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