Tidachita chidwi ndi kupha mwankhanza ku San Bernardino. Ndife odabwa komanso okhumudwa kuti posakhalitsa a Congression Republican adavotera kuletsa kugulitsa zida kwa zigawenga zomwe zingachitike. Ndipo tikudandaula kuti kukakamizidwa kwa tsankho komanso kudana ndi anthu othawa kwawo kuti ateteze othawa kwawo kunkhondo kuchokera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso kubwezera kuyitanitsa kuti asitikali akukwera ku Syria ndi Iraq ndi zomwe akatswiri a ISIS amayembekezera. Mayankho awa akuwonjezera zaka zambiri zopanda pake komanso zowononga dzikoโฆ..
Wolemekezeka wolemba mbiri yakale ku Middle East komanso membala wakale wa State Department Planning Council William R. Polk adanena bwino pamene adanena kuti pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa Beirut, Paris ndi tsopano San Bernardino ndi kugwetsedwa kwa ndege ya Russia pa Sinai, Kumadzulo kuli "Kugwera mumsampha wa ISIS." Polk akutikumbutsa kuti anthu ambiri ku Syria ndi mayiko ena achisilamu "agwidwa pakati pa zoopsa ziwiri: ISIS ndi ife." Iwo ndi mabanja awo sali otengeka maganizo. Mofanana ndi unyinji wa anthu kulikonse, iwo amangofuna kukhala ndi moyo wamtendere ndi wosungika. Agwidwa pakati pa Kumadzulo (kuphatikiza Russia) ndi ISIS, ndiwo mphotho yabwino pankhondo yomwe ili "nkhondo yamalingaliro" kuposa gawo.
Kutembenuza anthu othawa kwawo omwe akusowa nkhondo, monga kukumbukira lamulo la Alien Exclusion Act mu 1920s, kutsekedwa kwa Ayuda a ku Ulaya kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, ndi kutsekeredwa kwa anthu a ku Japan-America m'ma 1940 si njira yopezera mitima ndi malingaliro. Komanso si kuphulitsa zipatala ndi maphwando aukwati.
Masabata okha apitawo, tinachita mantha ndi kusweka mtima ndi chithunzi cha mwana womira wakufa, chafufumimba, mumchenga. Iye anali m'modzi mwa anthu othawa kwawo aku Syria mamiliyoni anayi omwe athawa nkhondo ndipo dziko lawo likufuna kufunafuna malo opatulika. Mitu yathu mwina yasintha, koma zopinga zankhanza komanso nthawi zina zakupha zomwe zimakumana ndi anthu osalakwawa zimakhalabe zovuta monga zinalili Paris ndi San Bernardino.
Dziko lapansi, ndipo ndithudi Arabu ndi Asilamu, momveka amatenga maphunziro ndikupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi kukhulupirika kwawo poyankha nkhanza za Kumadzulo kwa anthu omwe akuthawa kuti apulumutse miyoyo yawo, osatchula momwe amachitira m'malo antchito ndi m'misewu ya ku Ulaya ndi America. Kusankhana mitundu, Islamophobia ndi mantha opanda chifukwa zidapangitsa kuyimbira kwa oimira ambiri a Congression ndi abwanamkubwa kuti aletse ngakhale gawo laling'ono la amayi, ana ndi abambowa kuti asalowe m'dziko lathu - ngakhale atatha kubwereza mobwerezabwereza zomwe zimafunika kawiri kuposa zomwe Tashfeen Malik , imodzi mwa zigawenga ziwiri za San Bernardino, zinagonjetsa. Kazembe wakale wa US ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq Ryan Crocker ananena bwino ponena kuti kuchitira anthu othawa kwawo koteroko ndi "mphatso kwa ISIS." Ikuwonetsa kutsutsa kosasunthika kwa US kwa 22% ya anthu padziko lapansi. Sitiyenera kudabwa tikamavutika maganizo chifukwa cha umbuli ndi zochita zathu zankhanza.
Katswiri aliyense amadziwa kuti simupambana popikisana ndi zomwe mdani wanu akufuna.
Monga mu judo, tiyenera kusamala kuti tisalole mphamvu zathu - makamaka luso lapamwamba la usilikali ndi maulamuliro - kukhala chiwopsezo chathu chachikulu.
Tidayenera kuphunzira kuchokera ku zolephera za ku France ku Algeria ndi nkhondo yawo ya Indochina, kuwukira kwa Russia ndi US ku Afghanistan, komanso nkhondo yolephera ku Iraq, kuti malingaliro ndi malingaliro sizimawonongeka ndi zipolopolo, bomba, zoponya kapena ma drones. Misala, monga mwambiwu umanenera, ndikuchita zomwezo mobwerezabwereza ndikuyembekezera zotsatira zosiyana. Monga momwe zinalili ndi mabomba aku Germany ku London ndi kuphulika kwa mabomba kwa Britain ku Hamburg panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, kuwonongedwa kwa ndege ku Indochina, komanso mbiri ya zaka za m'ma 21 ya drone ku Middle East. Zonse zinali zolephereka koopsa komanso zowononga kwambiri, zomwe zinalimbitsa chikhumbo cha anthu amene akuukiridwayo.
Monga Colonel wopuma pantchito komanso pulofesa wa mbiri yakale Andrew Bacevich adachenjeza, "Pokhala Pentagon ikunena kale kuti pali omenyera nkhondo 20,000 a ISIS popanda chochititsa chidwi, kampeni iyi sitha posachedwa." Inde, Al Qaeda yafooketsedwa, koma idalowanso mu ISIS ndi Al Nursa ku Syria komanso kumagulu ena achiwawa a jihadist. ndi zigawenga zapanyumba kuyambira ku Beirut, ndi Paris kupita ku Fort Hood, Boston ndi San Bernardino. Kudzipereka tokha ku zomwe mawu akuti Nkhondo Yachitatu Yapadziko Lonse kapena Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse amatanthauza kuvomereza nkhondo yopanda pake komanso yowononga dziko.
Chisilamu chankhanza komanso chankhanza kwambiri cha ISIS, kuyambira kupachikidwa pagulu ku Syria ndi Libya (osati mosiyana ndi zomwe zidachitika ndi mnzathu Saudi Arabia ku Riyadh) mpaka kupha anthu ku Beirut, Paris ndi San Bernardino adapangidwa kuti apangitse mantha. Chiyembekezo chawo ndi chakuti apanganso nkhanza zachisilamu komanso kusankhana mitundu komwe kungapangitsenso kukwiyitsa Asilamu omwe amasalidwa kale, ndikupangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azitsatira zomwe akuchita komanso zigawenga zapakhomo. Momwemonso, pokopa mayiko akumadzulo kuti ayankhe zigawenga powonjezera nkhondo yamlengalenga ndikutumiza "nsapato pansi" zambiri, akuwerengera kuti "kuwonongeka" kosalephereka kudzatembenuza mitima ndi malingaliro kutali ndi Kumadzulo ndi kumenyana ndi Asilamu. amene amadzinenera kuti ndi atetezi awo.
Faulkner analemba kuti zakale sizinafe, kuti sizinapite nkomwe. Ndipo polimbana ndi ziwawa za Jihadism, timanyamula katundu wa Nkhondo Zamtanda (mverani ena mwa omwe akufuna kukhala pulezidenti wa Republican), atsamunda a ku Ulaya ndi neo- colonialism ya US. Mwachiwonekere, chomwe chinayambitsa kukwera kwa ISIS chinali kuukira kwa 2003 - 2011 ndi kulanda Iraq. Osati kokha kuti asilikali a 4,500 a US anaphedwa ndi ena zikwi zambiri osatha mwakuthupi kapena m'maganizo kwa moyo wawo wonse; koma mazana masauzande aku Iraqi adaphedwa. Iraq, yomwe idamangidwa ndi atsamunda aku Britain, idawonongedwa ngati dziko. Kuphatikiza pa chiwonongeko chakuthupi, boma la Shiite lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi US lidasokoneza ndikuwopseza anthu a Sunni, kutsegula zipata za gehena zomwe ISIS idatulukira.
Mizu yavutoli, ndithudi, idakali yozama, ndipo pamapeto pake iyenera kuthetsedwa ngati nkhondo yazaka makumi ambiriyi idzatha. Mpaka lero, Zbigniew Brzezinski, yemwe kale anali mlangizi wa National Security Advisor wa Carter National Security, akudzitamandira kuti kumbuyoko mu 1979 ndi iye amene ananyengerera Moscow kuti awononge Afghanistan. Cholinga chake? Kukhetsa magazi ku Soviet Union mofanana ndi momwe nkhondo ya Vietnam inafooketsa United States. Kulengedwa kwa US ndi Saudi ndi kuthandizira kwa Mujahedeen m'zaka za m'ma 1980 kunapanga maziko a asilikali a jihadist omwe ali ndi zida zamakono omwe akufalitsa zigawenga masiku ano.
Pulofesa Elaine Haggopian, Noam Chomsky ndi ena afotokoza, ochita za jihadist awa sanangogwa kuchokera kumwamba ndi ku Afghanistan, Yemen, Iraq, Syria, ndi Libya. Iwo adalimbikitsidwa ndi zaka zambiri zakumenyedwa kwa Washington motsutsana ndi dziko lachiarabu lachiarabu komanso ndi mnzake wolemera kwambiri wamafuta mdziko lathu Saudi Arabia. Saudi idapereka ndalama ku madrassas ku North Africa, Middle East ndi Central Asia kutumiza kunja kwa Wahhabi fundamentalism. Ndipo, izi zimathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake sizinali ngozi kuti ambiri mwa omwe anaukira US pa September 11, 2001 anali Saudis kapena kuti Saudis akhala akutsogolera ndalama za ankhondo a Jihadist.
Zoona, France, England, maiko ena a ku Ulaya, Iran ndi mayiko ena a Gulf, makamaka ulamuliro wankhanza wa Assad ku Syria wachita mbali zawo polimbikitsa kusakhazikika, chiwawa chamagulu ndi nkhondo ku Middle East.
Pali njira zina zobwereza zolephera za kufunafuna chitetezo mu chikhalidwe chathu cha kulamulira ndi nkhondo zodzigonjetsa zomwe zimatsatira. Njira yatsopano ikufunika, yomwe imayamba ndi kusapangitsa zinthu kukhala zovuta kwambiri? Ndondomeko zoperekedwa kuti zithandizire anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi nkhondo, kupewa chipwirikiti china cha m'chipululu, komanso kupewa zochitika zankhondo monga kugwetsa kwa Turkey ndege yankhondo yaku Russia pa Syria zomwe zitha kuyambitsa nkhondo yamphamvu kwambiri. Zina ziyenera kuphatikizapo:
Kulandira othaลตa kwawo okakamizidwa kuthaลตa mโmaiko awo kupeลตa nkhondo ndi imfa zochitidwa ndi ena.
Kubwereza kudzipereka ku zokambirana za Vienna ndi Russia, Azungu, Iran ndi Siriya kuti athetse nkhondo ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma la Syria la mgwirizano wa dziko.
Kupatula ISIS pogwira ntchito yochotsa chigawocho. Imitsani nthawi yomweyo kutumiza zida zonse ku Middle East. Zida zotumizidwa kwa ogwirizana a US ndi "otsutsa" adalimbikitsa nkhondo ya Syria, nthawi zambiri imagwera m'manja mwa ISIS ndi Al Qaeda.
Kumaliza thandizo lazachuma ndi ndalama kwa ISIS ndi Al Qaeda ndi ma clones awo. Chofunikira chachikulu ndikuthetsa Mgwirizano wa US-Saudi womwe wakhala wovuta kwambiri kuti mphamvuzi ziwoneke ndipo zadzaza dera lonselo ndi zida zamakono zomwe nthawi zonse zimakhala m'manja mwawo.
Kusonyeza chisoni chifukwa cha zomwe tachita kwa anthu a ku Middle East kuyambira chiyambi cha US Middle East hegemony mu 1945. Tili ndi chitsanzo cha makomiti a choonadi ku South Africa.
Monga tidawonera m'nyengo yachiarabu, pali mamiliyoni ndi mamiliyoni ku Middle East wamkulu omwe ali ndi ludzu lamtendere, ufulu ndi demokalase. Yakwana nthawi yoti tithetse nkhondo zathu zodzigonjetsa, kuthandizira kwathu kuponderezana ndi ndale komanso kukhazikitsa zotchinga zotsutsana ndi othawa kwawo omwe akusowa thandizo kuti mawu awo abwerenso.
Dr. Joseph Gerson ndi Mtsogoleri wa Mapulogalamu a American Friends Service Committee ku New England. Buku lake laposachedwa kwambiri ndi Empire and the Bomb: Momwe US โโAmagwiritsira Ntchito Zida Zanyukiliya Kulamulira Dziko Lapansi. Mabuku ake akale akuphatikizapo The Sun Never Sets and With Hiroshima Eyes.
Paul Shannon ndi Program Associate of the Peace & Economic Security Programme ya American Friends Service Committee, yomwe ili ku Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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