M'mafunso a Truthout awa, Ilan Pappé, wolemba The Biggest Prison on Earth, akuti chitsanzo cha Israeli pamadera omwe adalandidwa si njira yothetsera maboma awiri. M'malo mwake, Israeli yamanga chitsanzo cha ndende yotseguka yokhazikika ku Gaza ndi West Bank.
Mark Karlin: Kodi mungapereke mtsutso wachidule kuti muganizirenso kuzindikirika kwa West Bank ndi Gaza ngati ndende zotseguka osati "malo olandidwa"?
Ilan Pappé: Osati poyera kokha, koma nthawi zina, ndipo masiku ano ku Gaza, ndende yotetezedwa kwambiri. Posachedwapa, boma la Israeli linachita chikondwerero cha zaka 50 kuchokera pamene Yerusalemu, Yudeya ndi Samariya anamasulidwa. Kale mu 1967, Yudeya ndi Samariya, omwe ndi West Bank, anali madera omasulidwa, osati madera oti asungidwe m'ndende kuti abwezeretse mgwirizano wamtendere, pamaso pa magulu onse a Zionist, pamene Gaza ankawoneka ngati chigawo chomwe chinalipo. kutetezedwa nthawi zonse kuchokera mkati kapena kunja.
Chifukwa chake mu 1967, boma la Israeli panthawiyo - ndi maboma onse otsatizana kuyambira pamenepo - adawona West Bank ndi Gaza Strip ngati madera omwe nthawi zonse amakhala pansi paulamuliro wachindunji kapena wosalunjika. Chigamulo chachiwiri chinali chakuti anthu okhala m’maderawa sadzapatsidwa ufulu wokhala nzika za dziko la Israel, komanso sanaloledwe kukhala ndi ulamuliro kapena ufulu wodzilamulira okha. Iwo sanathamangitsidwenso, monga momwe anachitira Palestina mu 1948. Kotero, iwo adafotokozedwa mwadala ngati anthu opanda ufulu wokhala nzika komanso mwachifundo cha ulamuliro woyamba wa asilikali, ndiyeno kayendetsedwe ka boma komwe sikunaphwanyire ufulu wawo wamba, komanso ufulu wawo. ufulu wa anthu. Dongosolo lokhalo lomwe ndikudziwa kumene anthu amalandidwa maufulu amenewa ndi ndende. Anthuwa adatsekeredwa kundende yayikuluyi popanda mlandu wina uliwonse kupatulapo kuti ndi a Palestine. Analoledwa zopindulitsa zina, monga kugwira ntchito ku Israeli ndi kudziyimira pang'ono ngati atavomereza moyo woterowo - ichi ndi chitsanzo cha ndende yotseguka, ndipo adalangidwa pamodzi pamene adatsutsa, ndipo iyi ndi ndende yachitetezo chopambana.
Chifukwa chiyani mukunena za projekiti ya ndende ya Israeli ku 1963?
Chaka cha 1963 chinali chaka chofunika kwambiri m’mbiri ya Isiraeli. Ichi chinali chaka chomwe Prime Minister komanso mtsogoleri woyamba wa Israeli David Ben-Gurion adasiya ndale zomwe zidadziwika ndipo adatengera andale achichepere. Ndi kuchotsedwa kwake, ziwiri mwazokonda zake zazikulu zidasiya kukhudza ndale za Israeli. Iye anaumirira kuti akhazikitse ulamuliro wankhanza wankhondo pa anthu ochepa a Palestina mkati mwa Israeli, ndipo anakana kumvera zopempha za Greater Israel lobby kuti apeze chowiringula cholanda West Bank.
M'chaka chimenecho, gulu lankhondo la Israeli likhoza kuyamba kukonzekera mozama ponyalanyaza malingaliro ake awiri. Iwo anayamba kukonzekera kuthetsa ulamuliro wa asilikali pa Palestine mu Israel, koma sanachotse zida zolamulira. Iwo adakonzekera kuti apatsidwe gulu lina la Palestine: omwe amakhala ku West Bank ndi Gaza Strip. Mwayi utafika mu 1967, atsogoleri ankhondo anali atakonza kale njira zoyendetsera anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a Palestine m'madera omwe adalandidwa kumene. Anthu omwewo omwe adasunga ulamuliro wankhondo mkati mwa Israeli adasamutsidwa kukhala olamulira a West Bank ndi Gaza Strip.
Ulamuliro wankhondo sunalinganizike kukhala wakanthaŵi; zimagwirizana bwino ndi njira ya ndende yayikulu yomwe ndafotokozera pamwambapa.
Kodi nchiyani makamaka chimapangitsa Gaza kukhala “ndende yachitsanzo”?
Mu 2005, Ariel Sharon ndi alangizi ake adanena kuti adapeza njira zamatsenga za momwe angayendetsere Gaza Strip mkati mwa njira yonse ya Israeli yomwe inali kufunafuna njira za momwe angakhalire ndi madera - osati anthu okhalamo. Ku West Bank, zidachitika pochita zachiyuda madera omwe Israeli adawona kuti ndi ake kapena ofunidwa ndi boma lachiyuda. Njirayi sinagwire ntchito ku Gaza Strip; chinali chaching'ono kwambiri. Choncho, lingaliro linali loti athamangitse anthu okhalamo, kulola akuluakulu a Palestina kuti ayendetse malowa ndikuwunika kuchokera kunja (Israeli inatsekereza kale Mzere ndi waya wometa mu 1994). Komabe, anthu aku Gaza anali ndi lingaliro losiyana ndipo adasokoneza dongosololi ndikusandutsa Mzerewu kukhala maziko olimba okana. Izi zidakwaniritsidwa ndi njira ya ndende yotetezedwa kwambiri: zilango zophatikizika zomwe, poyang'ana m'mbuyo, zikufanana ndi kupha anthu ambiri komweko.
Kodi mukuganiza kuti boma la Israeli likuwona bwanji gawo la anthu okhala ku West Bank?
Nkhondo iliyonse yomwe ikanalepheretsedwa ndi zokambirana zachangu komanso zozama ndi nkhondo yosankha.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ntchito yayikulu ya malo okhalamo ndikuyika malire momveka bwino kuti ndi gawo liti la West Bank lomwe lidzalamulire mwachindunji ndi Israeli, ndicholinga choti pamapeto pake adzaliphatikize ku Israeli. Maboma nthawi zambiri ankayesa kulamulira madera okhawo omwe sanali anthu ambiri a Palestine, koma gulu laumesiya la okhazikika, Gush Emunim, linakhazikika malinga ndi zomwe amawona ngati mapu a Baibulo, zomwe zinawapangitsa kuti akhazikike pamtima pa madera a Palestina. . Kaya ndi mwadala kapena ayi, kupezeka kwa okhazikika kumagwiranso ntchito ngati kuzunza kwakukulu komwe kungapangitse moyo wa anthu aku Palestine kumeneko kukhala wosatheka ndikuwakankhira kumalo ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa West Bank.
Kodi “nkhondo yosankha” mumaitcha chiyani?
Nkhondo iliyonse yomwe ikanalepheretsedwa ndi zokambirana zachangu komanso zozama ndi nkhondo yosankha. Mosiyana ndi nzeru wamba, panali zotuluka zambiri za Israeli kuchokera kumavuto omwe adayambitsa nkhondo ya June 1967. Komabe, boma la Israeli ndi gulu lankhondo adaganiza zonyalanyaza mfundo zotulukazi, chifukwa adawona kuti vutoli ndi mwayi womaliza kulanda mbiri yakale ya Palestine (adangotha kutenga 78 peresenti ya Palestine mu 1948 ndipo adawona gawoli ngati losatetezedwa komanso losatheka. m'malo mwake).
Kodi nkhondo ya ku Syria ndi chipwirikiti chomwe chikukulirakulira kwa magulu osiyanasiyana achisilamu chathandiza Israeli kuthawa chitsenderezo chachikulu chopatsa anthu aku Palestine ufulu wawo?
Inde, zaterodi. Inapatutsa maganizo a anthu padziko lonse pa kuzunzika kwa anthu a ku Palestine ndi maganizo a akuluakulu a ndale ofuna kuthetsa vutoli. Palinso mbali ina ya izi: Kuzunzika kwa Palestine kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo sikukopa chidwi ndi ofalitsa nkhani, koma kwakhala kukuchitika kwa zaka zopitirira zana, pamene nkhanza zamtundu womwewo zikuchitidwa kwa anthu ku Syria ndi kwina kulikonse m'mayiko achiarabu. mkati mwa nthawi yochepa ndipo motero amakopa chidwi chochuluka kuchokera ku zofalitsa zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Komabe, mwayi wokhazikitsa mtendere ku Syria, Iraq ndi mayiko ena onse achiarabu akugwirizana kwambiri ndi funso la Palestine. Kukana kwa Azungu kuti asinthe chikhalidwe chomwechi chomwe chimayesa kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu ndi ufulu wa anthu m'mayiko achiarabu, ku Israeli, kumalepheretsa mayiko a Kumadzulo - makamaka US - kuti asatenge mbali iliyonse yabwino kubweretsa mtendere ku Middle East. . Chisalungamo ku Palestine ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimadyetsa moto wa chidani ndi chiwawa m'derali ndipo zidzapitirirabe pokhapokha ngati yankho lolondola ndi losatha la funso la Palestina lingapezeke. Malingaliro ogwirizana a Israeli ndi malingaliro awo kumadera omwe alandidwa ndiye chopinga chachikulu panjira yopezera yankho.
Mark Karlin ndi mkonzi wa BuzzFlash ku Truthout. Anatumikira monga mkonzi ndi wofalitsa BuzzFlash kwa zaka 10 asanalowe mu Truthout mu 2010. BuzzFlash yapambana mphoto zinayi za Project Censored. Karlin amalemba ndemanga masiku asanu pa sabata kwa BuzzFlash, komanso zolemba (kuyambira pa "nkhondo yolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo" yolephera mpaka ndemanga zokhudzana ndi zaluso zandale) za Truthout. Amafunsanso olemba ndi opanga mafilimu omwe ntchito zawo zimawonetsedwa mu Truthout's Progressive Picks of the Week. Asanalumikizane ndi Choonadi, Karlin adachita zoyankhulana ndi anthu azikhalidwe, opita patsogolo pazandale komanso olimbikitsa akatswiri mlungu uliwonse kwa zaka 10. Adalemba zolemba zambiri za mabodza omwe amafalitsidwa kuti ayambitse nkhondo ya Iraq.
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