Chitsime: Richardfalk.org
Atrocity ku Kabul, Geopolitical Crime ku Washington
Kuphulika kwa bomba lodzipha pa anthu wamba aku Afghanistan omwe akuthawa kuti apulumutse miyoyo yawo pabwalo la ndege la Kabul International Airport pa Ogasiti 26, 2021 chinali chigawenga chaukulu kwambiri komanso chiwonetsero chazandale zandale ndi omwe adazunza, Islamic State-Khorosan kapena ISIS-k. Amene ali ndi udindo pa chipolowe choterechi ayenera kuyankha mlandu malinga ndi lamulo mmene angathere.
Komabe kwa Purezidenti Biden kudalira kubwezera komweko komwe George W. Bush adagwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pa ziwopsezo za 9/11 zikuyimira kutsika konyozeka kopanda umunthu kudera la kubwezera koyambirira. Awa ndi mawu a Biden omwe adawonekeratu ndi atolankhani, omwe adanenedwa monyoza: "Dziwani izi: sitikhululukira, sitiyiwala. Tidzakusaka ndi kukulipirani.” Ndipo a Biden adawonetsetsa kuti sipadzakhala kusamvana powonjezera chitsimikiziro chachifumu chodzilamulira tokha: "Tiyankha mwamphamvu komanso molondola, pamalo omwe tasankha komanso panthawi yomwe tasankha." Palibe mawu aliwonse onena za kufunika kwa malamulo ndi chilungamo, mopanda tanthauzo la mawu omwe Boma la US lingayembekezere, ndi kufuna, ngati chandamale cha chiwawa chotere chikachitika ku Russia kapena China—'m'malamulo a mayiko.' Osachepera, a Biden sanatsatire Bush pansi panjira yamdima kuti alengeze zachiwiri 'nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga,' ndikuchepetsa malonjezo ake kwa omwe akuganiziridwa kuti akuwukira, mu mzimu wa zomwe zimawoneka ngati kusiyanasiyana kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwa 'chilungamo chatcheru,' gawo loyamba. zomwe zinali kuukira kwa drone kwa ogwira ntchito ku ISIS-k omwe akuti akugwirizana ndi nkhanza zapa eyapoti.
Mutu wofananira nawo m'mawu a Biden atatha kuwukira adalimbikitsa ntchito ya asitikali aku America omwe adachoka, zomwe zidapangitsa kubisala kugwa kwadzidzidzi kwa ntchito yayitali yomanga boma ndi United States. Zowona, asitikali aku America omwe adaphedwa kapena kuvulazidwa adazunzidwa kwambiri ndi uchigawenga m'masiku omaliza a ntchito ku Afghanistan, koma kuyitanitsa asitikali odziwa ntchito zomwe akuchita chipwirikiti chothamangitsidwa kuti 'ngwazi' ndikupatutsa chidwi kwa iwo omwe adakonza ntchito yowopsa ngati imeneyi, zomwe zikunena za zaka zonse 20 zachabechabe chamtengo wapatali, chokhetsa magazi, chowononga chomwe chimasiya dzikolo m’chipwirikiti ndi ziyembekezo zamtsogolo zosautsa. Palibe mawu odandaula kapena kuvomereza kulephera kwakukulu kumeneku, komwe sikunaphatikizepo kukonza koyenera pambuyo poti kudzipereka kwakukulu kudachitika zaka makumi awiri. Kuchokera pakuchita zigawenga zomwe zidatha ndi kupha kapena kubalalitsidwa kwa gulu la al-Qaeda kupezeka kwa America kudakulitsidwa popanda mkangano kapena chilolezo kupita kukusintha kwaulamuliro komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi kumanga boma ndi 'kukwezera demokalase,' koma kumawoneka ngati 'kumanganso' kwa boma. state post-Taliban kugonjetsedwa.
Komabe Afghanistan ili kutali ndi kugwa koyamba kwa boma komwe US idathandizira kwazaka zambiri isanakambirane zotuluka zochititsa manyazi zomwe zidakutidwa ndi shuga kuti zisokoneze ngoziyi, yomwe idabisanso udindo wautsogoleri wosachepera anayi woyika achinyamata aku America. m'njira yovulaza popanda cholinga chomveka. Choyipa kwambiri kuposa kulephera kwenikweni ku Afghanistan ndikulephera kuvomereza komanso kuchita khama kwanthawi yayitali kuti aphunzire kuti kupambana kwankhondo sikokwanira kuthana ndi kukana dziko. Pokhala ndi zolephera zamtengo wapatali ku Vietnam, Libya, Iraq, kwina kulikonse koma kukana kumvetsetsa kusatheka kwa kulowererapo kwa asitikali aku Western ndikukhazikitsa mapulani omanga boma m'dziko lomwe lidachitika pambuyo pautsamunda sikutanthauza kugwa kwa ufumu wa America. Ndilonso njira yotsimikizirika yopitirizira kutsatira njira yowopsa ya geopolitics, yomwe ilibe mphamvu yanthawi ya atsamunda kuti isinthe m'njira yokhazikika komanso yodzifunira zomwe imagonjetsa. Zochita zapambuyo pa utsamunda zimawononga kwambiri kuposa kale lonse kuposa kale lonse, ndikusiya njira yayitali ya imfa ndi chiwonongeko pamene olowererawo adaganiza zopita kwawo, kutulutsa antchito ake, zida zake, ndi ena mwa mbadwa zake zomwe adadzipanga okha. pachiwopsezo cha ndale ku 'rough Justice' ya magulu adziko omwe akuwoneka kuti apereka. Zachidziwikire, pakati pa omwe akufunitsitsa kuchoka, ndi anthu aku Afghan ambiri omwe amawopa tsogolo la dziko lawo losauka pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza njala ndi umphawi wadzaoneni, othawa kwawo azachuma omwe amayenera kumvera chisoni monga omwe chifukwa cha mwayi kapena malingaliro adagwirizana nawo. polojekiti yaku America.
Mizu Yapakhomo ya Geopolitical Obsession
HLMencken, katswiri wanthabwala wa ku America wazaka zana zapitazo, akuwona kuti "Palibe amene adachitapo cholakwika popeputsa nzeru za anthu aku America." Ndikulephera kwa demokalase ku United States kuti nsanja zolemekezeka kwambiri zofalitsa nkhani zikupitilizabe kulamuliridwa ndi malingaliro osasinthika a akuluakulu opuma pantchito ndi olamulira, akuluakulu anzeru zapamwamba, komanso ogwira ntchito ku Beltway think tank a gulu la ndale ku America. mawu otsutsana a otsutsa enieni amasungidwa kwa nzika, zotumizidwa kuchipululu cha malo osadziwika a intaneti. Inde, pali kuchuluka kwa anthu osaphunzira kusukulu komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi gulu lodziletsa la 'American exceptionalism' lomwe likuwoneka kuti limakonda kwambiri kusalakwa kwadziko komanso ukoma wotsatizana nawo kotero kuti silingathe kutanthauzira ndikuchita mogwirizana ndi mfundo zodziwika bwino zadziko. Atsogoleri athu amatiuza nthawi zonse 'ndife abwino kuposa izi' kapena aku America atha kuchita chilichonse ngati agwirizana ndikutsimikiza ndikukulitsa zizolowezi zathu zoyipa.
Purezidenti Biden amadziwonetsa ngati "wophunzira wa mbiri yakale" yemwe adanena kuti amadziwa "palibe mkangano ... pomwe nkhondo ikutha, mbali imodzi idatsimikizira kuti aliyense amene akufuna kuchotsedwa mdzikolo atha kutuluka." M'malo moti 'athetse' a Biden akanayenera kunena kuti 'atayika,' ndikutchula ogwirizana nawo aku Afghan omwe adatsekeredwa mkati kuti achita njuga yotayika, chifukwa chake anali ofunitsitsa 'kuchotsedwa,' njira yamakina yomwe idalowa m'mawu a Purezidenti. Akadakhala kuti Biden adasankha liwu lolondola kwambiri, 'kupulumutsidwa,' zikadakhala zikuwonetsa kuyamba kwa ulendo wautali panjira yoyenera yolapa, udindo, komanso kuyankha. Mosiyana ndi magulu ankhondo omwe alowererapo, omwe ali pakati pa anthu aku Afghanistan omwe adamangidwa, kuipitsidwa, kapena kukakamizidwa kuti agwirizane, samayika moyo wawo pachiwopsezo koma nthawi zambiri amaika pachiwopsezo mabanja awo onse.
Nkhani yeniyeni ya chifukwa chake kulephera kwa boma kumeneku kunabisidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso chifukwa chake kudachitika poyamba, sikunawululidwe kapena kumvetsetsedwa ndi anthu aku America. United States, pokhala pankhondo kuyambira 1940 yakhala ikulimbana ndi mayiko a dziko lonse la America, inasokoneza maganizo a ndale ndi makhalidwe abwino a gulu la ndale lomwe likupanga ndondomeko zakunja, ndikuyika sitima yapamadzi yaku America panjira yogundana. ndi mbiri yakale, komanso kudzipereka pa zolinga zofunika kwambiri za dziko monga umoyo wapakhomo ndi kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe. Zotsatira zake ku Afghanistan kuposa kulephera kwina kwa mfundo zakunja zofananirako, zawulula kufooka kwa zigawenga zankhondo-zokonda zapadera, ntchito zamagulu azigawo zamagulu opeza phindu zimalimbikitsa kupanga zida zankhondo, kugulitsa zida, mabungwe omwe amapereka ndalama zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. za ntchito zothandiza anthu zothandiza 'kupambana mitima ndi malingaliro' a anthu okhalamo. Ukonde wa zochitika ndi zolinga zotere zimathandizira ndikuchirikiza njira za 'zabwino' izi zomwe zimathandizira kuti malingaliro olakwika achitetezo ozikidwa pa 'zenizeni za ndale' achedwetse momwe kungathekere kukwapula kwa 'zandale zenizeni.' Aliyense amene amalira 'moto' amasiyanitsidwa ngati 'wamanzere' kapena 'socialist,' amatonthola bwino, pamene zipani ziwirizi zimakangana kwambiri kuti ndi ndani yemwe ayenera kudzudzulidwa chifukwa cha 'kuchita komaliza,' osunga malamulo akudandaula chifukwa chosowa 'kuleza mtima' pamene. omasuka ambiri amalankhula za tsoka la cholinga chabwino chomwe chinapangidwa kuti chipindule ndi ena komanso kulimbikitsa mikhalidwe yaumunthu ndi yokhazikika m'dziko, m'madera, ndi padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuwongolera Nkhani
Komabe nkhani ya pambuyo pa mikangano ya gulu la ndale ikupangidwanso ndi iwo omwe amaumirira 'kuyang'ana kutsogolo,' ndipo ndithudi osadandaula zomwe zagwa, ndi chifukwa chiyani. Izi zikutanthauza kuti koposa zonse kukana kusanthula chifukwa chake ma thililiyoni adayika ndalama pophunzitsa ndi kukonzekeretsa asitikali aku Afghan ndi apolisi, ndikupanga dongosolo laulamuliro wadziko lonse, lomwe silingathe komanso silingalepheretse kulandidwa kopanda magazi m'milungu ingapo ndi ragtag, yopanda zida za Taliban. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pamene Soviet anakakamizika kuchoka ndi American ndalama ndi CIA anakonza mujhadeen kukana, zinatenga zaka zitatu kumenyana kuchotsa 'boma zidole' iwo anasiya mmbuyo mu 1989. Mosiyana, atangoyamba American siginecha awo. kuvomereza kugonjetsedwa, kukambirana zochoka mopanda chiwawa mu February 2020 mchaka chatha cha utsogoleri wa Trump ku Doha, a Taliban "adayamba kupindula. Inali kampeni yolimbikira, kubetcha kwa Taliban kuti US itaya mtima ndikuchoka, ndipo anali olondola. " [NYTimes, Oga 27, 2021]
Panalinso zonena zambiri zakukhumudwa kuti boma la US lidadalira a Taliban kuti apereke chitetezo cha eyapoti panthawi yothamangitsidwa, komanso kukana kukaikira malonjezo awo oti azilamulira mosiyanasiyana kachiwiri, kuphatikiza njira yophatikizira yamagulu osiyanasiyana. mitundu ya mayiko pokhudzana ndi ulamuliro, komanso lonjezo lawo loti azisamalira bwino akazi komanso ubale wabwino ndi mayiko akunja. United States idakhulupirira kwambiri a Taliban pabwalo la ndege ndipo adalandira malipoti abwino kuchokera kwa asitikali aku America omwe adachitikapo, koma atsogoleri ake andale komanso ma media odziwika bwino akupitilizabe kuwonetsa malingaliro oyipa komanso okayika pazomwe a Taliban adawonetsa pakusinthidwa kwawo ndale, kukana. kulola a Taliban kuthawa m'bokosi la zigawenga lomwe lawatsekera pazaka 20+ zapitazi. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi Hamas, zikuwoneka ngati zabwino kuchokera kumalingaliro aku Western pazandale zawo zambiri kukana kuvomereza, kuchepera kulimbikitsa, kapenanso kufufuza zowona za kudzipereka kotere kwa Taliban kuti asinthe. Chotsatira monga Hamas ndi kupanga kukakamiza koteroko pa gulu lopambana ndale kuti ndithudi akukumana ndi kusankha kudzipereka kapena mitundu ya zigawenga zotsutsa.
Ngati Afghanistan ikana mwadzidzidzi thandizo lazachuma lakunja lomwe limaperekedwa kale ndi mgwirizano wolowererapo, ndiye kuti lichotsa kulephera kwa US / NATO, ndipo misozi yochepa idzakhetsedwa ku Washington pamene ikuwonetsa tsoka lachiwembu lomwe likuchitika mdzikolo. M'lingaliro limeneli, Vietnam inali ndi mwayi chifukwa inali ndi China ngati mdani, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kupambana kwawo kwadziko kukhoza kuvomerezedwa ndi chitukuko chachuma chololedwa. Ngati utsogoleri wa Biden sudatanganidwa ndi kubisa mbiri yochititsa manyazi ya kulephera kwadziko ku Afghanistan komanso kukhala ndi chifundo chenicheni kwa anthu aku Afghanistan, zikadapereka phindu lililonse komanso chilimbikitso kwa a Taliban pakadali pano, kuphatikiza mpumulo waukulu pazachuma, ndikuyembekeza. zabwino, ndikuyesera kuti zichitike.
Pomaliza Maliro
Pali mafunso ozama omwe adzutsidwa ndi gawo laposachedwa kwambiri la zoopsa zaku Afghanistan zomwe zikuvutitsa tsogolo la United States:
-Chifukwa chiyani gulu lazandale zaku America silingaphunzire kuchokera ku China kuti 21st njira za m'zaka za kutukuka, chitetezo, ndi mbiri zimakhazikika pakutsata mfundozi? -ubwenzi wabwino pakati pa mayiko / anthu, makamaka pokhudzana ndi ndalama zachinsinsi ndi mabizinesi aboma, kulemekeza ufulu wodzilamulira, kudziyimira pawokha, komanso kudziyimira pawokha kwa mayiko ena, ndi kukwaniritsa zikhumbo za dziko kupyola malire a dziko mwa kupambana/kupambana zopereka za chitukuko cha maiko ena;
-Ndi liti pamene gulu la ndale ku America lidzakhala ndi kusakanizika kodzidalira ndi kudzichepetsa kuti amvetse chifukwa chake United States yakhala mdani komanso chandamale chokonda anthu osakhutitsidwa ndi ndale padziko lonse lapansi, ndikupanga kusintha koyenera, kuphatikizapo kupereka. kukulitsa magulu ake ankhondo padziko lonse lapansi ndi malamulo apanyanja? Chitetezo m'tsogolomu chimadalira maukonde ogwirizana a mgwirizano wapadziko lonse osati zatsopano zaukadaulo zankhondo zomwe zimasandutsa dziko kukhala bwalo lankhondo limodzi pankhondo yamuyaya yapadziko lonse lapansi.
UMWAMBA NDI CHILANGO KU AFGHANISTAN
Atrocity ku Kabul, Geopolitical Crime ku Washington
Kuphulika kwa bomba lodzipha pa anthu wamba aku Afghanistan omwe akuthawa kuti apulumutse miyoyo yawo pabwalo la ndege la Kabul International Airport pa Ogasiti 26, 2021 chinali chigawenga chaukulu kwambiri komanso chiwonetsero chazandale zandale ndi omwe adazunza, Islamic State-Khorosan kapena ISIS-k. Amene ali ndi udindo pa chipolowe choterechi ayenera kuyankha mlandu malinga ndi lamulo mmene angathere.
Komabe kwa Purezidenti Biden kudalira kubwezera komweko komwe George W. Bush adagwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pa ziwopsezo za 9/11 zikuyimira kutsika konyozeka kopanda umunthu kudera la kubwezera koyambirira. Awa ndi mawu a Biden omwe adawonekeratu ndi atolankhani, omwe adanenedwa monyoza: "Dziwani izi: sitikhululukira, sitiyiwala. Tidzakusaka ndi kukulipirani.” Ndipo a Biden adawonetsetsa kuti sipadzakhala kusamvana powonjezera chitsimikiziro chachifumu chodzilamulira tokha: "Tiyankha mwamphamvu komanso molondola, pamalo omwe tasankha komanso panthawi yomwe tasankha." Palibe mawu aliwonse onena za kufunika kwa malamulo ndi chilungamo, mopanda tanthauzo la mawu omwe Boma la US lingayembekezere, ndi kufuna, ngati chandamale cha chiwawa chotere chikachitika ku Russia kapena China—'m'malamulo a mayiko.' Osachepera, a Biden sanatsatire Bush pansi panjira yamdima kuti alengeze zachiwiri 'nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga,' ndikuchepetsa malonjezo ake kwa omwe akuganiziridwa kuti akuwukira, mu mzimu wa zomwe zimawoneka ngati kusiyanasiyana kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwa 'chilungamo chatcheru,' gawo loyamba. zomwe zinali kuukira kwa drone kwa ogwira ntchito ku ISIS-k omwe akuti akugwirizana ndi nkhanza zapa eyapoti.
Mutu wofananira nawo m'mawu a Biden atatha kuwukira adalimbikitsa ntchito ya asitikali aku America omwe adachoka, zomwe zidapangitsa kubisala kugwa kwadzidzidzi kwa ntchito yayitali yomanga boma ndi United States. Zowona, asitikali aku America omwe adaphedwa kapena kuvulazidwa adazunzidwa kwambiri ndi uchigawenga m'masiku omaliza a ntchito ku Afghanistan, koma kuyitanitsa asitikali odziwa ntchito zomwe akuchita chipwirikiti chothamangitsidwa kuti 'ngwazi' ndikupatutsa chidwi kwa iwo omwe adakonza ntchito yowopsa ngati imeneyi, zomwe zikunena za zaka zonse 20 zachabechabe chamtengo wapatali, chokhetsa magazi, chowononga chomwe chimasiya dzikolo m’chipwirikiti ndi ziyembekezo zamtsogolo zosautsa. Palibe mawu odandaula kapena kuvomereza kulephera kwakukulu kumeneku, komwe sikunaphatikizepo kukonza koyenera pambuyo poti kudzipereka kwakukulu kudachitika zaka makumi awiri. Kuchokera pakuchita zigawenga zomwe zidatha ndi kupha kapena kubalalitsidwa kwa gulu la al-Qaeda kupezeka kwa America kudakulitsidwa popanda mkangano kapena chilolezo kupita kukusintha kwaulamuliro komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi kumanga boma ndi 'kukwezera demokalase,' koma kumawoneka ngati 'kumanganso' kwa boma. state post-Taliban kugonjetsedwa.
Komabe Afghanistan ili kutali ndi kugwa koyamba kwa boma komwe US idathandizira kwazaka zambiri isanakambirane zotuluka zochititsa manyazi zomwe zidakutidwa ndi shuga kuti zisokoneze ngoziyi, yomwe idabisanso udindo wautsogoleri wosachepera anayi woyika achinyamata aku America. m'njira yovulaza popanda cholinga chomveka. Choyipa kwambiri kuposa kulephera kwenikweni ku Afghanistan ndikulephera kuvomereza komanso kuchita khama kwanthawi yayitali kuti aphunzire kuti kupambana kwankhondo sikokwanira kuthana ndi kukana dziko. Pokhala ndi zolephera zamtengo wapatali ku Vietnam, Libya, Iraq, kwina kulikonse koma kukana kumvetsetsa kusatheka kwa kulowererapo kwa asitikali aku Western ndikukhazikitsa mapulani omanga boma m'dziko lomwe lidachitika pambuyo pautsamunda sikutanthauza kugwa kwa ufumu wa America. Ndilonso njira yotsimikizirika yopitirizira kutsatira njira yowopsa ya geopolitics, yomwe ilibe mphamvu yanthawi ya atsamunda kuti isinthe m'njira yokhazikika komanso yodzifunira zomwe imagonjetsa. Zochita zapambuyo pa utsamunda zimawononga kwambiri kuposa kale lonse kuposa kale lonse, ndikusiya njira yayitali ya imfa ndi chiwonongeko pamene olowererawo adaganiza zopita kwawo, kutulutsa antchito ake, zida zake, ndi ena mwa mbadwa zake zomwe adadzipanga okha. pachiwopsezo cha ndale ku 'rough Justice' ya magulu adziko omwe akuwoneka kuti apereka. Zachidziwikire, pakati pa omwe akufunitsitsa kuchoka, ndi anthu aku Afghan ambiri omwe amawopa tsogolo la dziko lawo losauka pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza njala ndi umphawi wadzaoneni, othawa kwawo azachuma omwe amayenera kumvera chisoni monga omwe chifukwa cha mwayi kapena malingaliro adagwirizana nawo. polojekiti yaku America.
Mizu Yapakhomo ya Geopolitical Obsession
HLMencken, katswiri wanthabwala wa ku America wazaka zana zapitazo, akuwona kuti "Palibe amene adachitapo cholakwika popeputsa nzeru za anthu aku America." Ndikulephera kwa demokalase ku United States kuti nsanja zolemekezeka kwambiri zofalitsa nkhani zikupitilizabe kulamuliridwa ndi malingaliro osasinthika a akuluakulu opuma pantchito ndi olamulira, akuluakulu anzeru zapamwamba, komanso ogwira ntchito ku Beltway think tank a gulu la ndale ku America. mawu otsutsana a otsutsa enieni amasungidwa kwa nzika, zotumizidwa kuchipululu cha malo osadziwika a intaneti. Inde, pali kuchuluka kwa anthu osaphunzira kusukulu komwe kumatsatiridwa ndi gulu lodziletsa la 'American exceptionalism' lomwe likuwoneka kuti limakonda kwambiri kusalakwa kwadziko komanso ukoma wotsatizana nawo kotero kuti silingathe kutanthauzira ndikuchita mogwirizana ndi mfundo zodziwika bwino zadziko. Atsogoleri athu amatiuza nthawi zonse 'ndife abwino kuposa izi' kapena aku America atha kuchita chilichonse ngati agwirizana ndikutsimikiza ndikukulitsa zizolowezi zathu zoyipa.
Purezidenti Biden amadziwonetsa ngati "wophunzira wa mbiri yakale" yemwe adanena kuti amadziwa "palibe mkangano ... pomwe nkhondo ikutha, mbali imodzi idatsimikizira kuti aliyense amene akufuna kuchotsedwa mdzikolo atha kutuluka." M'malo moti 'athetse' a Biden akanayenera kunena kuti 'atayika,' ndikutchula ogwirizana nawo aku Afghan omwe adatsekeredwa mkati kuti achita njuga yotayika, chifukwa chake anali ofunitsitsa 'kuchotsedwa,' njira yamakina yomwe idalowa m'mawu a Purezidenti. Akadakhala kuti Biden adasankha liwu lolondola kwambiri, 'kupulumutsidwa,' zikadakhala zikuwonetsa kuyamba kwa ulendo wautali panjira yoyenera yolapa, udindo, komanso kuyankha. Mosiyana ndi magulu ankhondo omwe alowererapo, omwe ali pakati pa anthu aku Afghanistan omwe adamangidwa, kuipitsidwa, kapena kukakamizidwa kuti agwirizane, samayika moyo wawo pachiwopsezo koma nthawi zambiri amaika pachiwopsezo mabanja awo onse.
Nkhani yeniyeni ya chifukwa chake kulephera kwa boma kumeneku kunabisidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso chifukwa chake kudachitika poyamba, sikunawululidwe kapena kumvetsetsedwa ndi anthu aku America. United States, pokhala pankhondo kuyambira 1940 yakhala ikulimbana ndi mayiko a dziko lonse la America, inasokoneza maganizo a ndale ndi makhalidwe abwino a gulu la ndale lomwe likupanga ndondomeko zakunja, ndikuyika sitima yapamadzi yaku America panjira yogundana. ndi mbiri yakale, komanso kudzipereka pa zolinga zofunika kwambiri za dziko monga umoyo wapakhomo ndi kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe. Zotsatira zake ku Afghanistan kuposa kulephera kwina kwa mfundo zakunja zofananirako, zawulula kufooka kwa zigawenga zankhondo-zokonda zapadera, ntchito zamagulu azigawo zamagulu opeza phindu zimalimbikitsa kupanga zida zankhondo, kugulitsa zida, mabungwe omwe amapereka ndalama zambiri zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. za ntchito zothandiza anthu zothandiza 'kupambana mitima ndi malingaliro' a anthu okhalamo. Ukonde wa zochitika ndi zolinga zotere zimathandizira ndikuchirikiza njira za 'zabwino' izi zomwe zimathandizira kuti malingaliro olakwika achitetezo ozikidwa pa 'zenizeni za ndale' achedwetse momwe kungathekere kukwapula kwa 'zandale zenizeni.' Aliyense amene amalira 'moto' amasiyanitsidwa ngati 'wamanzere' kapena 'socialist,' amatonthola bwino, pamene zipani ziwirizi zimakangana kwambiri kuti ndi ndani yemwe ayenera kudzudzulidwa chifukwa cha 'kuchita komaliza,' osunga malamulo akudandaula chifukwa chosowa 'kuleza mtima' pamene. omasuka ambiri amalankhula za tsoka la cholinga chabwino chomwe chinapangidwa kuti chipindule ndi ena komanso kulimbikitsa mikhalidwe yaumunthu ndi yokhazikika m'dziko, m'madera, ndi padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuwongolera Nkhani
Komabe nkhani ya pambuyo pa mikangano ya gulu la ndale ikupangidwanso ndi iwo omwe amaumirira 'kuyang'ana kutsogolo,' ndipo ndithudi osadandaula zomwe zagwa, ndi chifukwa chiyani. Izi zikutanthauza kuti koposa zonse kukana kusanthula chifukwa chake ma thililiyoni adayika ndalama pophunzitsa ndi kukonzekeretsa asitikali aku Afghan ndi apolisi, ndikupanga dongosolo laulamuliro wadziko lonse, lomwe silingathe komanso silingalepheretse kulandidwa kopanda magazi m'milungu ingapo ndi ragtag, yopanda zida za Taliban. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pamene Soviet anakakamizika kuchoka ndi American ndalama ndi CIA anakonza mujhadeen kukana, zinatenga zaka zitatu kumenyana kuchotsa 'boma zidole' iwo anasiya mmbuyo mu 1989. Mosiyana, atangoyamba American siginecha awo. kuvomereza kugonjetsedwa, kukambirana zochoka mopanda chiwawa mu February 2020 mchaka chatha cha utsogoleri wa Trump ku Doha, a Taliban "adayamba kupindula. Inali kampeni yolimbikira, kubetcha kwa Taliban kuti US itaya mtima ndikuchoka, ndipo anali olondola. " [NYTimes, Oga 27, 2021]
Panalinso zonena zambiri zakukhumudwa kuti boma la US lidadalira a Taliban kuti apereke chitetezo cha eyapoti panthawi yothamangitsidwa, komanso kukana kukaikira malonjezo awo oti azilamulira mosiyanasiyana kachiwiri, kuphatikiza njira yophatikizira yamagulu osiyanasiyana. mitundu ya mayiko pokhudzana ndi ulamuliro, komanso lonjezo lawo loti azisamalira bwino akazi komanso ubale wabwino ndi mayiko akunja. United States idakhulupirira kwambiri a Taliban pabwalo la ndege ndipo adalandira malipoti abwino kuchokera kwa asitikali aku America omwe adachitikapo, koma atsogoleri ake andale komanso ma media odziwika bwino akupitilizabe kuwonetsa malingaliro oyipa komanso okayika pazomwe a Taliban adawonetsa pakusinthidwa kwawo ndale, kukana. kulola a Taliban kuthawa m'bokosi la zigawenga lomwe lawatsekera pazaka 20+ zapitazi. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi Hamas, zikuwoneka ngati zabwino kuchokera kumalingaliro aku Western pazandale zawo zambiri kukana kuvomereza, kuchepera kulimbikitsa, kapenanso kufufuza zowona za kudzipereka kotere kwa Taliban kuti asinthe. Chotsatira monga Hamas ndi kupanga kukakamiza koteroko pa gulu lopambana ndale kuti ndithudi akukumana ndi kusankha kudzipereka kapena mitundu ya zigawenga zotsutsa.
Ngati Afghanistan ikana mwadzidzidzi thandizo lazachuma lakunja lomwe limaperekedwa kale ndi mgwirizano wolowererapo, ndiye kuti lichotsa kulephera kwa US / NATO, ndipo misozi yochepa idzakhetsedwa ku Washington pamene ikuwonetsa tsoka lachiwembu lomwe likuchitika mdzikolo. M'lingaliro limeneli, Vietnam inali ndi mwayi chifukwa inali ndi China ngati mdani, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kupambana kwawo kwadziko kukhoza kuvomerezedwa ndi chitukuko chachuma chololedwa. Ngati utsogoleri wa Biden sudatanganidwa ndi kubisa mbiri yochititsa manyazi ya kulephera kwadziko ku Afghanistan komanso kukhala ndi chifundo chenicheni kwa anthu aku Afghanistan, zikadapereka phindu lililonse komanso chilimbikitso kwa a Taliban pakadali pano, kuphatikiza mpumulo waukulu pazachuma, ndikuyembekeza. zabwino, ndikuyesera kuti zichitike.
Pomaliza Maliro
Pali mafunso ozama omwe adzutsidwa ndi gawo laposachedwa kwambiri la zoopsa zaku Afghanistan zomwe zikuvutitsa tsogolo la United States:
-Chifukwa chiyani gulu lazandale zaku America silingaphunzire kuchokera ku China kuti 21st njira za m'zaka za kutukuka, chitetezo, ndi mbiri zimakhazikika pakutsata mfundozi? -ubwenzi wabwino pakati pa mayiko / anthu, makamaka pokhudzana ndi ndalama zachinsinsi ndi mabizinesi aboma, kulemekeza ufulu wodzilamulira, kudziyimira pawokha, komanso kudziyimira pawokha kwa mayiko ena, ndi kukwaniritsa zikhumbo za dziko kupyola malire a dziko mwa kupambana/kupambana zopereka za chitukuko cha maiko ena;
-Ndi liti pamene gulu la ndale ku America lidzakhala ndi kusakanizika kodzidalira ndi kudzichepetsa kuti amvetse chifukwa chake United States yakhala mdani komanso chandamale chokonda anthu osakhutitsidwa ndi ndale padziko lonse lapansi, ndikupanga kusintha koyenera, kuphatikizapo kupereka. kukulitsa magulu ake ankhondo padziko lonse lapansi ndi malamulo apanyanja? Chitetezo m'tsogolomu chimadalira maukonde ogwirizana a mgwirizano wapadziko lonse osati zatsopano zaukadaulo zankhondo zomwe zimasandutsa dziko kukhala bwalo lankhondo limodzi pankhondo yamuyaya yapadziko lonse lapansi.
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