Ndakhala nthawi ndi opha anthu ambiri, akuluakulu ankhondo ndi atsogoleri a gulu lakupha monga mtolankhani ku Latin America, Middle East, Africa ndi Balkan. Ena ndi ma psychopaths omwe amakonda kuchita zachisoni, kuzunza komanso kupha. Koma ena, mwina ambiri, amawona kupha ngati ntchito, ntchito, zabwino pantchito zawo komanso udindo wawo. Amakonda kusewera Mulungu. Amakonda kwambiri dziko lachiphamaso lamphamvu pomwe kuba ndi kugwiriridwa ndizovuta. Iwo monyadira amakonza njira zopha anthu kuti awononge moyo wawo wonse, makamaka atachita dzanzi chifukwa cha mantha ndi nkhanza zimene amachita. Ndipo, pamene sakupha, nthawi zina amatha kukhala okongola komanso achisomo. Ena ndi atate abwino ndipo amamvera chisoni akazi awo ndi ambuye awo. Amatha kutengera ziweto zawo.

Siziwanda zogayidwa ndi ziwanda zomwe zimatisokoneza kwambiri. Ndiye munthu.

Zolemba za Joshua Oppenheimer "Mchitidwe wa Kupha," zomwe zinatenga zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuti zitheke, ndikufufuza kofunikira kwa psychology yovuta yakupha anthu ambiri. Filimuyi ili ndi kuzama kwa Ndi Gitta Sereny Buku lakuti “Into That Darkness: An Examination of Conscience,” limene anafunsapo kwambiri Franz Stangl, mkulu wa asilikali a Treblinka, imodzi mwa ndende zopherako anthu a Nazi. Oppenheimer, nayenso, amavomereza zowona, akufunsa ena mwa omwe adapha anthu ankhanza kwambiri ku Indonesia. Mmodzi mwa anthuwa ndi amene anapha anthu pafupifupi 1,000, mwamuna wina dzina lake Anwar Congo, yemwe anali mtsogoleri wa gulu lopha anthu ku Medan, likulu la chigawo cha Indonesia kumpoto kwa Sumatra. Documentary ikuwonetsanso ophawo akuchitanso zodabwitsa zakupha.

Asilikali aku Indonesia, mothandizidwa ndi US, adakhazikitsidwa mu 1965 kampeni ya chaka chonse kupha mwachiwonekere atsogoleri achikomyunizimu, ogwira ntchito, mamembala a zipani ndi omvera chifundo mdzikolo. Pamapeto pake, kukhetsa mwazi—kwambiri mwako kuchitidwa ndi magulu ankhanza akupha ndi zigawenga—kunathetsa gulu la anthu ogwira ntchito limodzi ndi anthu aluntha ndi aluso, zipani zotsutsa, atsogoleri a ophunzira aku yunivesite, atolankhani, achi China ndi ambiri amene angochitika kumene. kukhala pamalo olakwika pa nthawi yolakwika. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zina, anthu oposa miliyoni imodzi anaphedwa. Mitembo yambiri inaponyedwa m’mitsinje, kukwiriridwa mofulumira kapena kusiyidwa m’mphepete mwa msewu.

 

Kampeni iyi yakupha anthu ambiri idakali nthano ku Indonesia ngati nkhondo yayikulu yolimbana ndi mphamvu zoyipa komanso zankhanza, monga momwe chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino ku US kwazaka makumi ambiri chimakambitsirana kupha anthu amtundu waku America ndikusunga athu omwe akutipha, zigawenga, zigawenga ndi magulu okwera pamahatchi. a Old West ngati ngwazi. Anthu omwe adaphapo kale pankhondo yaku Indonesia yolimbana ndi chikominisi akusangalatsidwa pamisonkhano lero kuti apulumutsa dzikolo. Amafunsidwa pawailesi yakanema za nkhondo “zamphamvu” zomwe anamenya zaka makumi asanu zapitazo. Mu 3, gulu la Pancasila Youth, lomwe linali lokwana 1965 miliyoni, lofanana ndi la Brown Shirts kapena la Hitler Youth, mu XNUMX linagwirizana ndi chiwonongeko, ndipo tsopano mamembala ake, mofanana ndi atsogoleri a gulu lopha anthu, akuoneka ngati mizati ya dzikolo. Zili ngati kuti chipani cha Nazi chinapambana nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Zili ngati kuti Stangl, m'malo mofera m'ndende ya Duesseldorf ngati chigawenga chankhondo, adakhala wamkulu wolemekezedwa ngati a Henry Kissinger.

Pali chochitika mufilimu ya Oppenheimer pomwe dziko la Congo-yemwe akuwonekera pazenera ngati prima donna, kunyada kwake komanso kukonda zovala zabwino zomwe zikuwonetsedwa - amafunsidwa pa "Special Dialogue," pulogalamu ya wailesi yakanema yaboma ndi kufalitsa dziko lonse. Ndasintha mawu oti “Myuda” m’malo mwa “chikominisi” pofuna kuyika makhalidwe oipa a boma la Indonesia kukhala chikhalidwe chimene anthu a ku America amawamvetsa.

“Tinayenera kuwapha,” akutero a Congo, atavala chipewa chakuda choweta ng’ombe chokongoletsedwa ndi nyenyezi ya golide wa sheriff, akuuza mlendo wachikaziyo.

"Kodi njira yanu yophera idalimbikitsidwa ndi mafilimu achifwamba?" akufunsa.

“Nthawi zina!” Congo akuti. “Zili ngati. …”

“Zodabwitsa!” Akutero. "Anauziridwa ndi mafilimu!"

Omvera, makamaka opangidwa ndi mamembala a Pancasila Youth ovala malaya awo alalanje ndi akuda, akuwomba m'manja. Kumayambiriro kwa chiwonetserochi, a Ibrahim Sinik, mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo, adayamika Achinyamata a Pancasila kuti "ndi omwe anali pachimake pakuwonongedwa."

"Mtundu uliwonse udali ndi njira yake," akutero a Congo. “Monga m’mafilimu a magulu a magulu ankhondo, amamunyonga mnyamatayo m’galimoto, ndi kutaya thupi lake. Ndiye ifenso tinachita zimenezo.”

"Zomwe zikutanthauza kuti Anwar ndi anzake adapanga njira yatsopano yopulumutsira anthu Ayuda,” akutero mayiyo mosangalala, “dongosolo laumunthu, lopanda chisoni, ndi lopanda mphamvu mopambanitsa.”

"Achinyamata ayenera kukumbukira mbiri yawo," Ali Usman, mtsogoleri wa Pancasila Youth, akulowererapo. “Tsogolo siliyenera kuiwala zakale! Komanso, Mulungu ayenera kukhala wotsutsa Ayuda. "

“Inde,” wochititsa nkhaniyo akutero. “Mulungu amadana nazo Ayuda! "

Pali kuwomba m'manja kwina.

Oppenheimer, pa chipangizo chodabwitsa kwambiri cha filimuyi koma chanzeru kwambiri, akukakamiza ophawo kuti achitenso zina mwakupha anthu ambiri omwe adachita. Amavala zovala - amadzikonda kukhala akatswiri m'mafilimu amoyo wawo-ndipo zomwe zimatuluka m'mawonekedwe amtengo wapatali a kuzunzika ndi kupha ndiko kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa chithunzi chomwe ali nacho cha iwo eni, zambiri zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi mafilimu achifwamba aku Hollywood, ndi zoipa, zoipa ndi zoipa zomwe adazichita. Zithunzizi zikuphatikiza m'modzi mwa zigawenga zakale zotchedwa Herman Koto - Koto ndi opha enawo amadzitcha okha ngati zigawenga - opangidwa kuti aziwoneka ngati mfumukazi ya Divine. Ndipo mu mphindi izi Oppenheimer amalanda kusewera, nthabwala zakuda ndi comradeship zomwe zimapanga ubale pakati pa opha. Ophawa akuwonetsa zochitika kumapeto kwa filimuyo pomwe ochita zisudzo omwe adaphedwa adapachika mendulo pakhosi la Congo - yemwe wavala mkanjo wautali wakuda ndikuyimilira kutsogolo kwa mathithi - ndikumuthokoza chifukwa chopulumutsa dziko ndi “kundipha ine ndi kunditumiza kumwamba.” Nyimbo zakumbuyo za nthano zodabwitsazi, zofotokozedwa ndi Congo, ndi mutu wa kanema "Born Free".

Ubale womwewu wa anthu, komanso kudzinyenga komweko komweko, zitha kuwoneka pazithunzi za chipani cha Nazi chomwe sichili pantchito m'buku "Nein, Onkel: Snapshots From Another Front 1938-1945," kapena muzithunzi alonda a SS omwe sali pantchito ku Auschwitz. Chimodzi mwa zithunzi zomwe zili mu album ya Auschwitz zikuwonetsa utsogoleri wa SS, kuphatikizapo mkulu wa Auschwitz, Rudolf Hoess, ndi Dr. Joseph Mengele, omwe adayesa zachipatala zopanda umunthu pa ana, mu "kuimba-pamodzi" koopsa pa mlatho wamatabwa ndi wosewera wa accordion ku Solahutte, malo ochezera a SS pafupifupi mamailo 20 kumwera kwa Auschwitz pamtsinje wa Sola. Amayi ndi ana omwe sanali kutali anali kuwomberedwa ndi mpweya mpaka kufa, ena mwa anthu 1 miliyoni omwe anaphedwa ku Auschwitz. Ndipo ndikugawika kodetsa nkhawa kumeneku, kutha kupha anthu ambiri koma kudziwona ngati munthu wabwinobwino, wachikondi, komwe Oppenheimer amalanda mwanzeru. Kugawanikana pakati pa ntchito ndi moyo-kuphatikizana komwe ambiri ankhondo aku US, mafuta amafuta amasiku ano kapena makampani a inshuwaransi yaumoyo kapena makampani aku Wall Street monga Goldman Sachs nawonso ayenera kupanga-amalola anthu omwe amadyera masuku pamutu, kuwononga ndi kupha anthu ena kuti afafanize. zambiri za moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. 

“Ndinapha Wachitchaina aliyense amene ndinamuona,” akukumbukira motero Congo pamene anayenda m’galimoto kudera la China ku Medan. “Ndinawabaya onse! Sindikukumbukira kuti ndi angati, koma anali achi China ambiri. Ndikakumana nawo, ndimawabaya. Njira yonse yopita ku Asia Street, komwe ndinakumana ndi abambo a chibwenzi changa. Kumbukirani, ndinali ndi zolinga ziwiri: kuphwanya a Chinese ndi kuphwanya bambo a chibwenzi changa, kotero ndinawabaya nawonso! Chifukwa nayenso anali Wachitchaina! Iye anagwera mu dzenje. Ndinamumenya ndi njerwa. Iye anamira.”

Mmodzi mwa anzake a ku Congo anati: “Kupha ndi mlandu waukulu kwambiri. “Chotero mfungulo ndiyo kupeza njira yoti musadziimbe mlandu. Zonse ndi kupeza chowiringula choyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndifunsidwa kuti ndiphe munthu, ngati malipiro ali olondola, ndiye kuti ndichita, ndipo kumbali imodzi sikulakwa. Ndimo momwe tiyenera kudzipangira tokha kukhulupirira. Ndi iko komwe, makhalidwe ali ndi malire.”

Congo moleza mtima akufotokozera Oppenheimer njira yake yopatulira ozunzidwa ndi mtengo, mlongoti ndi waya, njira yomwe anatengera kuti apeŵe chisokonezo cha kutaya magazi kwambiri.

"Mwina pali mizukwa yambiri pano, chifukwa anthu ambiri adaphedwa pano," amauza Oppenheimer atayima padenga pa malo omwe adaphedwapo kale. “Iwo anafa imfa zosabadwa—imfa zosakhala zachibadwa. Anafika kuno ali athanzi. Atafika kuno anamenyedwa. …”

Congo akugwada ndikuyika manja ake patsitsi lake loyera, lopiringizika kuti atsanzire mphindi yomaliza ya adani ake.

” … Ndipo anafa,” iye akupitiriza. “Kukokera uku. Zatayidwa. M’masiku oyambirira tinkawamenya mpaka kuwapha. Koma pamene tinachita zimenezo mwazi unatuluka paliponse. Zinamveka fungo loipa. Pofuna kupewa magazi kulikonse, ndinagwiritsa ntchito dongosolo limeneli.”

Agwira mtengo, pafupifupi mamita awiri m'litali, ndi waya wautali.

"Kodi ndingawonetse?" akufunsa.

Amamangirira wayawo pamtengo wokwerapo. Mnzake, amene manja ake ali kumbuyo kwake, amakhala pansi pafupi ndi mtengo. Congo amakhoma waya pakhosi pa bwenzi lake. Itaimirira mamita angapo, Congo imakoka pang'onopang'ono matabwa omwe amamangiriridwa kumbali ina ya waya kuti asonyeze momwe wophedwayo anaphedwera.

“Ndayesetsa kuiwala zonsezi pomvetsera nyimbo zabwino,” akutero Congo atamaliza chionetsero chake. “Kuvina. Ndikhoza kukhala wosangalala. Mowa pang'ono. Chamba pang'ono. Pang'ono, kodi mumachitcha chiyani?—Ecstasy. Ndikaledzera, ‘ndinkauluka’ n’kumasangalala. Cha cha.”

Amayamba kuvina padenga atavala mathalauza oyera ndi nsapato zoyera.

“Ndi munthu wosangalala,” bwenzi lake likutero.

"Tinakankha nkhuni m'matako awo mpaka atamwalira," Adi Zulkadry, mtsogoleri wa gulu la imfa, akutero pambuyo pake mufilimuyi pamene akuwonetsedwa pogula m'masitolo mumzinda wa Jakarta ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Tidawathyola makosi awo ndi nkhuni. Tinawapachika. Tinawapotola ndi waya. Tidawadula mitu. Tinawathamangitsa ndi magalimoto. Tinaloledwa kutero. Ndipo umboni ndi wakuti, tidapha anthu ndipo sitinalangidwe. Anthu omwe tinawapha, palibe choti tichite. Iwo ayenera kuvomereza izo. Mwina ndikungoyesera kudzipangitsa kuti ndimve bwino, koma zimagwira ntchito. Sindinayambe ndadziimba mlandu, sindinakhalepo wopsinjika maganizo, sindinalotepo maloto oipa.”

M'chiwonetsero china membala wa gulu la m'mafilimu, atakhumudwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuseka kwamanjenje, akuti banja lake linali litatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa.

” … Ngati mukufuna nkhani yowona, ndili nayo,” membala wa gululo anadzipereka. Congo akuyankha kuti: “Tiuzeni, chifukwa zonse zimene zili m’filimuyi ziyenera kukhala zoona.”

“Chabwino, panali mwini sitolo,” mwamunayo akuyamba monyinyirika. “Anali munthu wa ku China yekha m’derali. Kunena zoona, anali bambo anga ondipeza. Koma ngakhale kuti anali bambo anga ondipeza, ndinkakhala nawo kuyambira ndili mwana. Cha m’ma 3 koloko m’mawa, munthu wina anagogoda pakhomo pathu. Anawayitana bambo anga. Amayi anati, 'N'zoopsa! Osatuluka.' Koma iye anatuluka. Tinamumva akufuula kuti, 'Thandizeni!' Ndiyeno, chete. Iwo anamutenga. Sitinagone mpaka m’mawa.”

"Unali ndi zaka zingati?" akufunsidwa.

“Khumi ndi limodzi kapena 12,” akuyankha motero. "Ndikukumbukira bwino. Ndipo ndizosatheka kuiwala chinthu chonga ichi. Tinapeza mtembo wake pansi pa ng'oma yamafuta. Ng’omayo inadulidwa pakati ndipo thupi linali pansi pake motere,” akutero uku akubwereza kapepala kufotokoza. “Mutu ndi mapazi ake zinali zitaphimbidwa ndi matumba. Koma phazi limodzi linatuluka chonchi.” Wogwira ntchitoyo amakweza phazi limodzi kuchoka pansi. “Choncho m’maŵa womwewo, palibe amene analimba mtima kutithandiza,” iye akutero.

“Tidamuika ngati mbuzi pafupi ndi msewu waukulu,” akutero akumwetulira mokakamiza ngati kuti nkhani ya maliro iyenera kukhala yoseketsa. “Ine ndi agogo anga basi, tikukoka mtembowo, kukumba manda. Palibe amene anatithandiza. Ndinali wamng'ono kwambiri. Kenako, mabanja onse achikomyunizimu anathamangitsidwa. Tinatayidwa m’tauni yaing’ono m’mphepete mwa nkhalango. Ndichifukwa chake, kunena zoona, sindinapiteko kusukulu. Ndinafunika kudziphunzitsa kuŵerenga ndi kulemba.”

"Ndikubisirenji izi?" Amatero kwa atsogoleri akale a gulu la imfa, omwe amamvetsera ndi kumwetulira kwachisoni. Mwanjira iyi, titha kudziwana bwino. Kulondola? Ndikulonjeza kuti sindiyesa kunyoza zomwe tachita. Uku sikutsutsa. Zimangolowetsa mufilimuyi. Ndikulonjeza, sindikukutsutsani.”

Congo ndi opha enawo amatsutsa nkhani yake ngati yosayenera filimuyo chifukwa, monga Herman Koto akuuza wogwira ntchitoyo, "zonse zidakonzedwa kale."

"Sitingaphatikizepo nkhani iliyonse kapena filimuyo sidzatha," adatero msilikali wina wa gulu lakupha.

"Ndipo nkhani yanu ndi yovuta kwambiri," akuwonjezera a Congo. "Zingatenge masiku kuti tiwombere."

Opha omwe ali mufilimuyi sagwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu zomwe zimabwera ndi mantha osasankha, ngakhale kuti nthawi ndi nthawi amayendayenda m'misika yapafupi kuti apeze ndalama kuchokera kwa ogulitsa, zomwe Oppenheimer amajambula pafilimu.

Komabe, akamachitanso zigawenga zopha munthu, zimachititsa kuti anthu azikumbukira nthawi imene iwo anali zigawenga zazing’ono, pamene anali ndi chilolezo choti achite chilichonse chimene ankafuna kwa aliyense amene anasankha m’dzina la nkhondo yolimbana ndi chikominisi. 

“Ngati ali okongola, ndikanawagwirira onse, makamaka kalelo pamene tinali olamulira,” mmodzi wa ophawo akukumbukira motero. “Zoyipa! Chotsani zoyipa kwa aliyense amene ndimakumana naye. "

“Makamaka ngati mutapeza wazaka 14 zokha,” iye akuwonjezera motero pambuyo pake iye ndi omenyera nkhondo ena a gulu lopha anthu atachita zachipongwe msungwana ndi kumugwira mpeni pakhosi. “Zokoma! Ndikanati, kudzakhala gehena kwa inu koma kumwamba padziko lapansi kwa ine.

Pali mphindi, nthawi zambiri zaka zambiri pambuyo pamilandu yawo, pomwe ngakhale akupha ankhanza kwambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe achidule odzizindikiritsa, ngakhale nthawi zambiri saganizira kapena kuwunika mavumbulutso awa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi nthawi inayake yakupha. Oppenheimer amatseka filimu yake ndi zochitika zomwe dziko la Congo likuyamba ndi kufotokoza momveka bwino kupha komwe adachita pamalopo ndikumaliza ndi kubwereza ndi kusanza.

“Ndikukumbukira kuti ndinati, ‘Tulukani m’galimotomo,’ ” akutero a Congo ponena za kupha munthu wina. “Anafunsa kuti, ‘Mukupita nane kuti? Posakhalitsa, anakana kupitiriza kuyenda, choncho ndinamukankha mwamphamvu m’mimba. Ndinamuona Roshiman akundibweretsera chikwanje. Mwansanga, ndinapita kwa iye n’kumudula mutu. Anzanga sanafune kuyang'ana. Anathamangira kugalimoto. Ndipo ine ndinamva phokoso ili. Thupi lake linali litagwa pansi. Ndipo maso m'mutu mwake anali chete. …”

Iye akuchoka.

Anamaliza kunena kuti: “Ndili m’njira yopita kunyumba, ndinadzifunsa kuti, n’chifukwa chiyani sindinatseke maso ake? Ndipo ndiye gwero la maloto anga onse oyipa. Nthawi zonse ndimayang'anitsitsa maso omwe sanatseke. 

---