Chitsime: Chowonadi
Nkhondo yankhanza yomwe Russia idachita ku Ukraine yadzudzula anthu ambiri, pakati pa otsutsa aku Western Russia komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Pazowopsa za nkhondoyi, pafupifupi magulu onse andale aku US akugwirizana. Komabe, malingaliro okhudzana ndi kuyankha koyenera kwa Kumadzulo amachokera kumadera osiyanasiyana.
Chachikulu kumanzere zonse, ndi zotsutsana ndi nkhondo. Omenyera nkhondo aku US a mikwingwirima yonse akhala akuchita zoyesayesa zofunitsitsa kuti athetse mkanganowo kuti ugwirizane ndi zokambirana komanso kuthetsa nkhondo. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu akufa komanso kufa mamiliyoni a anthu othawa kwawo nkhondo yatulutsa - osanena kanthu zakuwopseza kwachiwopsezo wamba kapena nyukiliya - nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri.
Pokonza zotsutsa, ndithudi, pakhala pali njira zambiri zotsutsana pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana akumanzere. Zomwe zimakangana kwambiri zikuphatikizanso funso lakupereka zida zankhondo zaku Ukraine, kufananiza kwa makhalidwe osachita zachiwawa komanso kudziteteza, komanso kuchuluka kwa kulakwa komwe kuyenera kukhala chifukwa cha NATO. chifukwa cha ntchito yake yowonetsera m'zaka makumi angapo akuthetsa mikangano.
Kaya iwo akuganiza zotani pazimenezi, okonza bungwe kuyambira a ufulu wa kumanzere kupita ku chikomyunizimu akupempha njira zowonetsera zomwe ali nazo, kuyambira pazokambirana zapa TV mpaka pamisonkhano yapadziko lonse lapansi. ziwonetsero pa ziwonetsero wa gulu lankhondo-mafakitale. Kulimbana koyenera ndi ufumu wa US ndi makampani achitetezo ndikuyambitsa mikangano yakutali ndizovuta kwambiri. Komabe ngakhale mbiri yazovutazi zidachitika, mabungwe omenyera nkhondo akuyesetsa kuti akwaniritse masomphenya awo okhudza kutha kwa ziwawa zachifumu - zochitidwa ndi Russia ndi US chimodzimodzi.
Kusasinthika ku Militarism
Okonza zolimbana ndi nkhondo nthawi zambiri amavomereza kuti zokambirana ziyenera kukhala patsogolo pothetsa mkangano wa Russia ndi Ukraine. Ambiri amatsutsa mwamphamvu njira iliyonse yomenyera nkhondo ya US - lingaliro lanzeru kwa iwo omwe akufuna kupewa nkhondo yotentha ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya. Mosadabwitsa, zomwezo sizinganenedwenso ku bungwe la ndale la US, lomwe lagwiritsa ntchito mwayi wonyoza dziko la Russia, likuwoneka kuti likufunitsitsa kuweruza mkangano pakati pa maulamuliro awiri omwe akuipiraipira. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi mapiko a kumanja, yomwe nthawi zonse imadziwira pansi pamtunda, yapsa; Republican jingoists (ndi nambala wa zopusa op-eds m'ma media akuluakulu) adakonda chilichonse kuchokera kumalo osawuluka mpaka kukana kuletsa kutumizidwa kwa asitikali aku US.
Zolinga zankhondo za opanga malamulowa ndizoposa zongoyerekeza pang'ono za kuthekera kwa mikangano ya Mphamvu Yaikulu. Oyang'anira osasamala mocheperako, kumbali yawo, amakonda njira ya mbali ziwiri: kukhazikitsidwa kwa zilango zowononga pa Russia ndi kutumiza zida zambirimbiri kwa asitikali aku Ukraine - kusiya kulowererapo kwenikweni kwa asitikali aku US.
Ma Democrat adalumpha snipe kumanja mwa kusonyeza amene angafune kuchuluka kwa zida zankhondo, pomwe kuthandizira kupambana chifukwa njira zonse za zolinga za ndale. Mulimonsemo, lidali tsiku lachiwembu choweta. ofalitsa nkhani zabodza monga stenographer wodziwika Bret Stephens. (โUnited States imalimbana ndi ovutitsa anzawo!โ) Maphwando onse awiri ndi osakayikira in thandizo lawo logawana chifukwa mphatso yochuluka zida zankhondo ndi thandizo lina. Polemba izi, White House ikupempha zodabwitsa $ Biliyoni 33 za Ukraine. Nambala ikupitirira kukwera.
Anthu aku US amavomereza kwambiri mfundozi, ndi ambiri kuvomereza kapena kufuna kuonjezera zida zotumizira. (Kupitilira apo, 35 peresenti yodabwitsa Ndimakonda kumenya nkhondo mwachindunji - "ngakhale zitakhala pachiwopsezo cha nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi Russia," kuyankhula molakwika za kuthekera kwawo pakuwunika zoopsa.) NATO wakhala motsutsana ndi mafoni okakamiza malo osawuluka; osachepera gulu lankhondo limawona nzeru popewa nkhondo yowombera ndi magulu ankhondo aku Russia. Kuwombera kudzachitidwa ndi manja a Chiyukireniya okhala ndi manja ambiri akumadzulo - kwambiri kupindula zamakampani achitetezo aku US. Sizodabwitsa kuti tikuwona kufunitsitsa kotereku kulimbikitsa Ukraine pakati pa boma ndi media. Sikuti boma likufunitsitsa kuona Russia ikumenyedwa ndi kulangidwa, koma mikangano ndi zida zankhondo, monga kale, zimatanthauza phindu.
Chikhumbo chothandizira kukana ku Ukraine mwina ndichomveka. (Ngakhale zotsatira zake okonda dziko lamanja Zitha kupereka kaye kaye.) Othandizira akuti kutenga zida ku Ukraine kupangitsa kuti Russia igonjetsedwe ndikuchoka, zomwe, mwamalingaliro, zitha kufupikitsa mkanganowo. "Koma ngati sichoncho," akulemba Jeremy Scahill mu The Intercept, "ndipo kuyenda kwa zida kumachedwetsa kukambirana pakati pa Russia, Ukraine, ndi NATO, ndiye kuti n'zovuta kuwona kukula kwa zida zotumizira zida ngati zabwino." Kubwezeranso kwina kwa Russia ndi kutumizidwa kwa zida za azungu m'chigawenga chokhalitsa kungayambitse vuto lalikulu ndikunola. vuto lomwe lanenedwa kale la othawa kwawo.
Omenyera nkhondo amawona kuti dziko la Ukraine ladzadza ndi zida zankhondo ngati gawo linanso lankhondo lopindulitsa - lomwe limayika pachiwopsezo cholepheretsa njira zama diplomatic. Monga Purezidenti waku Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy zopempha dziko kulimbikitsa Ukraine ndikulowererapo zankhondo, magulu odana ndi nkhondo, mosiyana, alankhula motsutsa kwambiri ku kuchuluka kwa zida zankhondo zaku Western, komanso Cold-War style bellicosity kuti mphamvu ya US yatenganso mphamvu.
Antiwar Coalitions in Action
M'menemo, zionetsero zazikulu zenizeni padziko lapansi zolimbana ndi nkhondo zabuka m'mbali zambiri - zonse ziwiri ku Russia ndi Ukraine ndi padziko lonse lapansi. Magulu opita patsogolo, omenyera nkhondo komanso odana ndi ma imperialist ku US nawonso, asonkhanitsa zida zawo zambiri kuti anene zotsutsa zawo. Poganizira zokayikitsa zomwe zingakhudze zomwe boma la Russia likuchita, iwo ayang'ana malo omwe atha kukhala ndi chikoka - mwachitsanzo, mfundo za US. Chifukwa chazovuta zake pankhondo, kuyankha kwa US kutha kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazotsatira: mwina kukambirana, kugwa pansi ndi mtendere, kapena kuchulukirachulukira ndikukhetsa magazi.
Ngakhale gulu lankhondo laku US sanapezenso kukula kwanthawi yake yaku Vietnam, magulu ambiri okhala ndi mishoni zolimbana ndi nkhondo akugwira ntchito masiku ano. Ambiri amakumana ndi zotsutsana ndi maulendo aku US ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq koyambirira kwa 2000s - mwachitsanzo, CODEPINK, bungwe lolimbana ndi nkhondo lachikazi lomwe likupita patsogolo komanso lachikazi, linakhazikitsidwa mu 2002. Gululi lakhala limodzi mwa anthu omwe akuwoneka kuti akuyankha ku Ukraine, kuwonetsa kusagwirizana ndi kuperekedwa kwa zida ndi kutsogolera anthu ku geopolitical zochitika zachiwawa za NATO. kaimidwe zaka zapitazo.
Wopanda adafikira woyambitsa mnzake wa CODEPINK komanso womenyera ufulu Medea Benjamin, membala wa Green Party komanso phungu wakale wa Senate ya California, kuti adziwe zambiri za zoyesayesa za gululo komanso momwe zinthu zolimbana ndi nkhondo ku US zingakhudzire mfundo zake. Monga Benjamin akuwona, kuyesetsa kumayamba ndi maphunziro ndikudziwitsa anthu: kutsutsa zida zoulutsira nkhani zomwe zimafuna kulungamitsa kutsegula zipata za zida zapamwamba - nthawi zina mwachindunji kwambiri.
"[Lingaliro lakuti zida ndi zilango ndizofunikira] likukankhidwa ndi anthu ku White House ndi mamembala ambiri a Congress. Izi zikukankhidwa ndi makampani ofalitsa nkhani, "atero a Benjamin. (Tenga The New York Times, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zinavomereza kuti zilango zingakhale "zankhanza," koma zimaganiziridwa kuti zinali "zoyenera." Timangodabwa chifukwa chake Times sanakakamize kuti US ivomerezedwe "mwankhanza" pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa Iraq.)
Benjamin anagogomezera zolimbikitsa za kamangidwe: โMakampani a zida [akuda] nkhawa ndi kutha kwa nkhondo za US ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq. [Boma] likuwona uwu ngati mwayi wofooketsa dziko la Russiaโฆ. Kuthekera kosokoneza chuma cha Russia ndikuchepetsa kufikira kwake kumatanthauzanso kuti dziko la US likulimbitsa udindo wake padziko lonse lapansi.
CODEPINK ndi ogwirizana nawo, olimbikitsidwa ndi nkhondo, atanganidwa ndi zochitika zambiri. CODEPINK anali atasonkhana kale a nambala yambiri potsutsa kukwera kwa mikangano, mavuto asanafike kumapeto kwa February. Asitikali aku Russia atangolowa koyamba ku Ukraine, bungweli, limodzi ndi magulu aku UK ngati. ndi Stop the War Coalition, No to NATO Network ndi Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Wogwira gulu ladzidzidzi pa intaneti ndi msonkhano, kusonkhanitsa anthu monga Jeremy Corbyn ndi wolemba mbiri ndi wolemba Vijay Prashad kuti adzudzule nkhondoyo (Corbyn anaitcha "chonyansa, chowopsya ndi chosafunikira"), ndi kuitanitsa mtendere.
Mndandanda wa ma webinars a CODEPINK adakoka zikwizikwi - kuphatikizapo, monga Benjamin anafotokozera, "oimira aphungu ochokera m'maboma ambiri, kuphatikizapo British, Irish, Germany, French ndi Spanish, [ndi] akatswiri odziwika bwino a maphunziro ndi olimbikitsa." Mu April, Benjamin nayenso linapangitsa china โImitsani Nkhondo ku Ukraineโ Msonkhano wapaintaneti wokhala ndi Noam Chomsky, mawonekedwe ena ochokera ku Vijay Prashad, wandale wakumanzere waku Greece Yanis Varoufakis, Kukambitsirana Kwatsopano Kumanzere mkonzi Tariq Ali, ndi mawu ena odziwika.
Zochitika zapaintanetizi zidachitika limodzi ndi misonkhano yapadziko lonse lapansi - "masiku ochitapo kanthu," omwe Benjamin adati, adasonkhanitsa "magulu osiyanasiyana pafupifupi 125 padziko lonse lapansi." CODEPINK wakhala akugwira ntchito pafupi ndi mabungwe ngati ANSWER Coalition (gulu lina lalikulu lolimbana ndi nkhondo ku United States, lomwe lakhalaponso zokambirana pa intaneti). Pamodzi ndi Black Alliance for Peace, Peace Action, ndi ena, mgwirizanowu unapangidwa pamodzi msonkhano ku Washington, DC ku Lafayette Square pamene mikangano inakula. Ziwonetsero zina za CODEPINK zidachitika madera osiyanasiyana aku US, pomwe odzipereka adawonetsa, adayika timapepala ndi adasonkhanitsa ma signature pamapempho.
Monga momwe Benjamin adakonzera, uthenga wofunikira pakufalitsa uthengawu unali wofunsa mafunso akuti, โKodi mukufuna kuti nkhondo ya ku Ukraine ithe? Kodi mukufuna kupulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu aku Ukraine? Ndiye tiyeni tiyitane kuti tisiye kumenyana komanso kukambirana kwakukulu. " Iye akuona kuti njira imeneyi ndi yokhutiritsa: โTikapeza mpata wolankhula ndi anthu za nkhaniyi, timawafikitsa kumbali yathu.โ
Benjamin ndi CODEPINK akukonzekera kupititsa patsogolo zomwe akuchita. Mu June, gululi likugwirizana Msonkhano wa Mass Poor People's Assembly ndi Moral March ku Washington, DC - kuyesetsa motsogozedwa ndi Gulu La Anthu Osauka kuti alankhule zotsutsana ndi zankhondo komanso bajeti yodzitchinjiriza yodzitchinjiriza, pakati pazovuta zina. Benjamin adawunikiranso mapulani amtsogolo otumiza omenyera ufulu wawo kukatsutsa msonkhano womwe ukubwera wa NATO ku Madrid, pamodzi ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wotsutsana ndi nkhondo kukula kwakukulu. Chiyembekezo chawo ndikukakamiza panthawi yovuta: "Ndi zisankho zomwe zikubwera mu Novembala, ndikuganiza kuti titha kukhala gawo lokambirana chifukwa chake izi zikuchitika, osalola a Biden kuti achoke ndikuimba mlandu chilichonse ku Russia, koma m'malo mwake kuyika chiwopsezo. Kudzudzula zankhondo komanso kulephera kukankhira mwamphamvu yankho lomwe mwakambirana, โadatero Benjamin Zowona.
Resolute Nonviolence
Kulowa CODEPINK pa msonkhano wa Madrid NATO ndi kwina kudzakhala World Beyond War (WBW), bungwe la US la pacifist lomwe limasunga mitu yapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza ku Ukraine. David Swanson ndi director director a WBW. Pokambirana ndi Wopanda, adalongosola zoyesayesa za gululo zokonzekera. Monga CODEPINK, njira yaposachedwa ya WBW ndikudziwitsa anthu, kuwonetsa mikangano yapacifist yothetsa nkhondo, zida za nyukiliya ndi kugulitsa zida. Zithunzi za WBW waphatikiza zolemba zosawerengeka, mabuku, zoyankhulana, op-eds, makanema, ma podcasts, ndi media zina. Kuphatikiza apo, a Swanson adati, "Tachita matani mawebusayiti, zochitika zapaintaneti komanso zapaintaneti. Tili ndi olankhula ambiri, timapita kukalankhula ndi makalasi, kupita kukalankhula ndi magulu amtendere omwe amakonza zochitika ndikuchita matani ofanana pa intaneti. โ
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo zofalitsa, WBW yawongoleranso zochitika zenizeni padziko lapansi. "Sabata yapitayi, takhala tikuchita zionetsero padziko lonse lapansi," adatero Swanson. Tsogolo laposachedwa liwona WBW ikuchita nawo ziwonetsero zomwe zafala tsiku logwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, lomwe lakonzedwa pa Meyi 7"Tachitapo kale masiku ano, nthawi zambiri mogwirizana ndi magulu ena, nthawi zina padziko lonse lapansi, nthawi zina mdziko, kuyesera kuchita masiku a zochitika pomwe tili ndi ziwonetsero zazing'ono komanso nthawi zina zazikulu kapena misonkhano kapena ziwonetsero kulikonse."
WBW ikuchitanso mikangano yodziwika bwino. Nthawi ina, membala wa alangizi a WBW inasokoneza chochitika ku Canada pokumana ndi wachiwiri kwa Prime Minister ndi anti-war, anti-NATO diatribe. Dzanja lina la njira ya WBW, ikupitirira kwa zaka, ndikuchita ziwonetsero pamaofesi enieni a opanga zida - opindula kwambiri ndi nkhondo zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuonetsetsa kuti zikukhalabe zokopa komanso zowononga momwe zingathere. WBW iwonetsa pamsonkhano wapachaka wotsatira wa bungwe la ndege ndi chitetezo Northrop Grumman. Mamembala akufuna kuwonetsa mbali yofunika yomwe bungwe ndi opanga zida zankhondo monga Lockheed Martin amasewera mu "nkhondo yaku Ukraine komwe [iwo] amapindula monyadira," adatero Swanson. "Pali mamembala a Congress omwe amapindula ndi umwini wa masheya ku Lockheed Martin."
Swanson akuwona chidwi chomwe nkhondo yaku Ukraine idalandira ngati mwayi wotsutsa zankhondo nthawi zonse - komanso kulengeza nkhani zotsutsana zochokera ku ufumu wa US ndi zolankhula zake. Iye anati: โPambuyo pa zaka zambiri nโkumafuna kuti anthu okhudzidwa ndi nkhondo azichitiridwa chifundo ndi ulemu, โkuti zimenezi zichitike pamalo amodzi ndi mwayi woti โInde! Pomwepo! Nanga bwanji anthu ena onse amene anakhudzidwa ndi nkhondoyi?' Kukhala ndi boma la US likufuna kuti nkhondo ichitidwe ngati mlandu ndikuyimbidwa kukhothi - zodabwitsa! Nanga bwanji nkhondo zina zonse?โ
Chinyengo chotere chokhudza mfundo zakunja ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodalirika za boma (komanso media media). Apanso, tsoka la ku Ukraine lakulitsidwa makamaka chifukwa limagwira ntchito yabwino yolimbana ndi udindo wa Russia pazandale. (Ndipo, monga ambiri anenerakapena kung'ambika, kunja: Chisoni pa nkhondoyi chinagulanso makamaka chifukwa Ukraine imatengedwa ngati dziko "lotukuka" ku Ulaya lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri oyera. Zambiri anthu atolankhani adzifotokozera okha pankhaniyi.)
Chinsinsi cha malingaliro a WBW ndikudzipereka kosasunthika ku pacifism. Monga Swanson adafotokozera, "Timatsutsana ndi nkhondo zonse, zankhondo zonse, malingaliro onse ankhondo, chithandizo chonse chandalama zankhondo, nthawi zonse, popanda kupatula. ... Kusachita zachiwawa, kwa WBW, sikungakambirane - monga zikuwonekera nkhani yaposachedwa ake, omwe adadzudzula Kampeni ya Anthu Osauka chifukwa cha imelo yomwe inkawoneka kuti ikuvomereza kupatsa zida Ukraine. Monga Swanson adapitiliza kuti: "Kukokera izi, kumenya nkhondo ku Russia mpaka ku Ukraine komaliza popeza tili ndi misana yawo ndi ndalama zomwe zikuyenda - sindikuganiza kuti uwu ndi chikhalidwe. Iyi ndiyo mfundo yomwe timavutika kuti tiphunzitse anthu: kuti United States ndi Ukraine, komanso Russia, ayenera kuyesera kuthetsa nkhondo. Pafupifupi amaonedwa kuti ndi achiwembu. Udindo 'woyenera' ndi wofuna kupitiriza nkhondo yofooketsa Russia."
Anthu Akhozabe Kuletsa Nkhondo
Okonza zosawerengeka amangodabwa monga Swanson pazovuta zankhondoyi komanso zothandiza pazabwino zina zamphamvu zolimbikitsa kutentha, chinyengo chawo chomwe chikuwonetsedwa. Ngakhale zili kutali ndi mikangano komanso kusowa mphamvu pazochita za Russia, gulu lankhondo laku US, mwachidziwikire, lingathe kukhudza boma lawo. Chiyembekezo cha US kuti chikwaniritse chigamulo chaukazembe chingathandize kupewa nkhondo yayitali komanso yotopetsa. Komabe ngati mikhalidwe yapano ikupitilirabe - kupitilira nkhanza zaku Russia (komanso kufunikira kwawo zopinga pabwalo la nkhondo) pamene Kumadzulo kumawonjezera zida za Ukraine - nkhondoyo ikhoza kukhala yomaliza.
Pali mafunso ovuta amakhalidwe oyenera kuyankhidwa ndi otsutsa a nkhondo: mafunso a pacifism ndi kudziteteza, momwe angasonyezere mgwirizano ndi Ukraine yomwe ili yovuta, momwe nkhondo yachiwawa ingachepetsedwe popanda kuwonjezereka kwachiwawa. Ngakhale kumvetsetsa mkanganowu kumafuna kuphatikizika katatu pakati pa mabodza osatha a mayiko awiri amphamvu ndi onyenga. Zingakhale zophweka kwa omenyera nkhondo kuti ayambe kuganiza kuti alibe mphamvu kapena mphwayi, pakulimbana komwe kungawoneke ngati kovuta. Komabe asitikali ankhondo aku US ndi boma, ngakhale ali ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso phindu, sizingawonongeke, ndipo ziwonetsero zazikulu komanso kusagwirizana kwasintha mbiri yake m'mbuyomu. Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwawo, okonza zolimbana ndi nkhondo amalimbikitsidwa pamodzi ndi chikhulupiriro pazomwe mbiri yawonetsa: kuti anthu, akakonzekera, akhoza kuthetsabe nkhondo.
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