Kunyanyala kung'ono koma kodziwika kwambiri kwa ogwira ntchito ku Walmart ogulitsa ndi osungira katundu komaliza kudadzetsa chipwirikiti cha anthu ogwira ntchito ndikupeza ulemu watsopano wokonzekera njira zomwe zimakayikiridwa.

"Ntchito yogwira ntchito ili ndi zotsatira," akutero Dan Schlademan, yemwe amatsogolera polojekiti ya Making Change ku Walmart ya Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW). "Zotsatira zake zikupanga mphamvu."

Walmart ndi chandamale cholemera kwambiri chifukwa kampaniyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri kotero kuti imayika malipiro ndi mitengo pakati pa ogulitsa ndi omwe akupikisana nawo.

Kodi ndi njira yotani yomwe imayambitsa funde laposachedwa lodabwitsali?

Monga mabungwe ambiri atsopano m'magulu azinsinsi, zaka zambiri zoyesa kugwirizanitsa masitolo a Walmart ku US ndi Canada zakumana ndi kuwomberedwa, kutumiza kunja, ngakhale kutsekedwa.

Chifukwa chake ogwira ntchito m'masitolo omwe amagwira ntchito m'masitolo, ogwira ntchito m'malo osungiramo katundu omwe amasuntha katundu wa Walmart, komanso ogwira ntchito alendo omwe amasenda nsomba za crawfish kwa ogulitsa akunyalanyaza njira yokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo a ntchito ku US, momwe ogwira ntchito amasaina pempho lopempha kuvota pamgwirizano.

M'malo mwake, akugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wawo kuti athetsere madandaulo pamodzi, kaya ambiri atha kuthandizidwa kuti athandizire kuyesetsa kapena ayi.

Kunyanyala kwa tsiku limodzi m'masitolo ambiri mu Okutobala ndi Novembala watha kukuwonetsa kubwezera kosaloledwa kwa omwe adalankhula kuntchito kwawo ndikulowa nawo bungwe la Organisation United for Respect ku Walmart. Ambiri adachotsedwa ntchito ndipo ambiri adawopsezedwa ndikudulidwa maola ambiri chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali.

"Tili ndi njira yoyankhira zochita zosaloledwa," adatero Schlademan: "mphamvu yakunyanyala."

MWALIKIRANI KU CHAKUDYA CHAMWAMBA

Chilimwe chathachi, motsatira chitsanzo cha OUR Walmart, a Service Employees (SEIU) anayamba kuthandizira kuyesetsa kukonza ogwira ntchito zachangu ku New York, Chicago, ndi mizinda ina.

Molimbikitsidwa ndi malo osungiramo katundu a Walmart komanso ziwonetsero zamasitolo, ogwira ntchito adayambitsa ziwonetsero zatsiku limodzi ku New York City patadutsa sabata Lachisanu Lachisanu. Ogwira ntchito adabweranso ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo, akuluakulu osankhidwa, ndi atolankhani, akuchititsa manyazi mamanejala omwe amayembekeza kubwezera, ndikubwezeretsanso womenya wina wa Wendy pomwe manejala wake adamuchotsa chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali.

Koma masitepe otsatirawa ndi otsimikizika. “Kodi mukuyesera kukhala ndi mgwirizano monga ife tiri nawo tsopano? Ngati nditero ndinganene kuti iwalani, musachite, "atero Rick Smith, yemwe adachita nawo ntchito yoyendetsa ndege ya 2005 yokonza Walmart ku Florida. M'malo mwake, adalangiza omenyera ufulu kuti "azilingalira momwe mukupita."

Ndiwo malingaliro abwino a okonza omwe akupanga zinthu zosangalatsa kuchitika m'malo osungiramo zinthu, malo ogulitsira, malo odyera, chakudya chofulumira, komanso m'mphepete mwa mayendedwe a Walmart kuchokera kumadoko kupita kumasitolo.

Kuyesetsa kwawo ndi gawo la "omwe sianthu ambiri" omwe amakonza malo ogwirira ntchito, gawo lina loyipitsa mbiri ya olemba anzawo ntchito, kugwirizanitsa anthu ogwira ntchito m'dera lawo, komanso magawo angapo a chutzpah.

WOBADWA MWA KUSIYIKA

"Bungwe la ogwira ntchito layesa njira zingapo pazaka 20 zapitazi," atero a Mark Meinster, omwe akukonzekera ogwira ntchito ku Walmart ku Illinois. "Kampeni zambiri, mapangano osalowerera ndale, kukonzekera kwa NLRB - ndipo ngakhale taphunzira zambiri kudzera munjirazo, palibe chomwe chasintha kutsika.

"Ndiye tsopano tili pamalo pomwe pali kutseguka kwa njira zatsopano. Tikumvetsetsa kuti sitisintha malamulo a ntchito posachedwa, kuti olemba anzawo ntchito apitiliza kuchita zinthu mwaukali kwa ogwira ntchito ndi mabungwe awo, motero mabungwe akuyang'ana njira zowathandizira olemba anzawo ntchito pazachuma. "

Meinster adayamikanso luso lantchito lomwe laphunzira pazaka makumi angapo likugwira ntchito kuchokera ku zofooka: kafukufuku, kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo, njira zazikulu, ntchito zapadziko lonse lapansi. Chinyengo tsopano, adati, ndikuphatikiza luso la ogwira nawo ntchito ndi atsogoleri omanga m'malo antchito komanso kufunitsitsa kugwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe a anthu ambiri ndipo, ngati ogwira ntchito asankha, amanyanyala.

"Sindikudziwa momwe ndingagwiritsire ntchito chidwi chamakampani," atero a Martha Sellers, wosunga ndalama ku Paramount, California, yemwe adachita nawo Lachisanu Lachisanu. "Ndikuyembekeza kuti tidzafika kwa iwo kudzera mu malipiro awo."

CHETE mochititsa chidwi

Ngakhale mbiri yowopsa ya Walmart, kumenyedwa kwa Black Friday sikunapangitse kuwombera kwina. "Sitikungoganiza zatsopano mkati mwakampani, koma ndizosangalatsa," adatero Schlademan.

Maulendowa anakhudza antchito pafupifupi 500 m'masitolo ambiri. M'masitolo ena antchito ochepa okha ndi awiri anakantha; ena theka la shift linatuluka.

Pafupifupi 13 adatuluka mu Walmart ku Paramount. "Tonse tinali ndi mantha, koma tinachita," adatero Sellers. Ngakhale kuti sitoloyo ilibe antchito ochepa kuposa kale lonse, mamanejala sanachitepo kanthu ndi omwe akunyanyala ntchito, adatero, ndipo "amakhala osamala kwambiri pazomwe akunena."

Kudekha kumeneko kungakhale chifukwa maso a anthu ali pa Walmart. Zomwe zimachitika m'masitolo okwana 1,000 omwe amathandizidwa ndi anthu ammudzi, kuyambira pazidziwitso zing'onozing'ono zakunja kupita kumagulu anyimbo zanyimbo mkati, zidapeza chidwi chambiri.

Walmart ikufunanso kuteteza chithunzi chake chifukwa ikuyesera kukopa makhonsolo amizinda kuti amange m'matauni omwe adakana bokosi lalikulu, misika ngati New York City ndi Seattle. Pokhala ndi malo akumidzi ndi akumidzi aku America ndi masitolo ake, Walmart ikufuna kukula m'mizinda.

Nick Allen wa Warehouse Workers United akukhulupirira kuti Walmart amasamala za "kuwononga mbiri" komwe sikungatchulidwe, monga momwe kampaniyo idagunda pomwe ogwira ntchito 112 ogulitsa adawotchedwa mpaka kufa ku Bangladesh. "Pamene ndiwe bwana wamkulu amakuwunika," adatero.

Koma ngakhale ndi Walmart pamakhalidwe ake abwino pakadali pano, sizikudziwika - ngakhale kwa okonza - momwe angatengere zogulitsa zamasiku ano kupita pamlingo wina. Madandaulo ambiri ogwira ntchito, monga okhudza chisamaliro chaumoyo kapena malipiro, amakhudza mtima wa Walmart wamalonda otsika kwambiri ndipo mayankho sangathe kuchotsedwa kwa oyang'anira sitolo.

Mwachitsanzo, antchito amafuna mashifiti okhazikika. Koma oyang'anira amapeza mabonasi (ndi kusunga ntchito zawo) mwa kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo losakhalitsa lomwe amadana nalo, anatero Nelson Lichtenstein, wolemba mbiri yemwe analemba za Walmart.

Komabe, "Walmart idzakhala ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana," adatero Lichtenstein, malinga ngati sizikutanthauza kuzindikira mgwirizano. Kampani yokhotakhota idatsutsana ndi zomwe idaneneratu ndipo idakweza malipiro m'masitolo ake 700 mu 2006, malinga ndi zomwe kampaniyo idawululira posachedwa. Kuwonjezekaku kukuwoneka kuti kudachitika chifukwa chopangana ndi anthu ambiri omwe sanali ambiri mu 2005 ndi 2006 (onani kambali).

Ndipo pa Januware 15 panali chizindikiro kuti kunyanyalako kwapangitsa kuti oyang'anira akuluakulu adziteteze pakukonzekera. Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Walmart a Bill Simon adalengeza zolinga zosadziwika bwino zosintha machitidwe a kampaniyo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti OUR Walmart iyankhe mokayikira: "Tikufuna mawu awa kuti atembenuzire kuchitapo kanthu."

KUWEZA MALIPIRO

Ngati kuyesayesa kwapano kutha kukweza malipiro a Walmart kwambiri, ikhala nkhani yabwino kwa ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa m'dziko lonselo-chifukwa china choti okonza aziyang'ana kampaniyo.

Walmart amagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi mmodzi mwa antchito 100 aku US. Imagulitsanso zakudya zambiri kuposa ma grocery akulu akulu aku US ndikuchepetsa malipiro a golosale ndi ena ogulitsa, ambiri a iwo mamembala a UFCW. Miyezo yosauka ya Walmart imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulungamitsa malipiro ochepa komanso ndandanda zosayembekezereka kulikonse kuchokera ku bokosi lalikulu Target kupita ku New York boutiques.

Zofuna zathu za Walmart zikuphatikiza $ 13 pa ola limodzi, ndipo ogwira ntchito ku New York ndi Chicago posachedwa adagwirizana pansi pa mbendera ya "Limbani $15." Andale akuzembera kumbuyo. Mu Januware, Bwanamkubwa wa New York Andrew Cuomo adanenanso kuti malipiro ochepa aboma akwere ndi $ 1.50 mpaka $ 8.75, akadali otsika kwambiri. Padziko lonse, wogwira ntchito ku Walmart wamba amapanga pafupifupi $8.81.

Poyesa kusokoneza antchito motsutsana ndi makasitomala, otsutsa amanena kuti malipiro apamwamba adzawonjezera mitengo ya Walmart. Koma kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa bungwe loona za umphaŵi la Demos anaŵerengera kuti ngati ogulitsa onse aakulu a malipiro ochepa akweza ogwira ntchito m’sitolo kufika pa $12.25 pa ola limodzi, zingakweze anthu atatu mwa anayi a miliyoni a ku America pamwamba pa umphaŵi—ndipo zimangotengera makasitomala masenti 15 okha paulendo wokagula zinthu.

Pakadali pano, malipiro amakasitomala omwewo adatsitsidwa ndi chuma cha Walmartized. Malinga ndi Economic Policy Institute, banja la Walton limayang'anira $ 100 biliyoni, chuma chochuluka kuposa 42 peresenti ya anthu aku America omwe ali pansi.

'OPEN SOURCE' KUKONZERA

Walmart ili ndi malo ogulitsa opitilira 4,000 ndi antchito 1.4 miliyoni ku US, kotero Walmart YATHU yangoyang'ana pamwamba. Poyembekezera kukula msanga, okonza akulongosola gululo kukhala “gwero lotseguka,” kutanthauza kuti ogwira ntchito angapunthwe, kulankhula ndi ochirikiza omwe alipo, ndiyeno kudzikonzekeretsa okha. Gululi lili ndi mamembala masauzande ambiri, kuchokera pa 100 koyambirira kwa 2011, m'maboma 43.

Mamembala amalipira $5 pamwezi. UFCW yaika zinthu zambiri ndipo "yakhalamo kwa nthawi yayitali," adatero Schlademan.

Oyang'anira Walmart akufalitsa mawu, nawonso. Pamene zionetsero za Black Friday zikuyandikira, ogwira ntchito m'dziko lonselo adalengeza misonkhano yochenjeza kuti asatenge nawo mbali.

Pali khalidwe lodziwikiratu ku gulu. TSAMBA yathu ya Facebook ya Walmart ili ndi zokambilana za zomwe zikuchitika m'masitolo. Ogwira ntchito amafananiza mabonasi awo ogawana phindu la kotala (measly), afotokoze nkhani za mamenejala openga (mmodzi ku Alabama posachedwapa anachita msonkhano wa mphindi 30 mufiriji kuti alange antchito), yerekezerani maola awo (kutsika kuyambira Khirisimasi), ndi kulemba kuti mufunse kwa thandizo.

“Ndimagwira ntchito ku Walmart ku Moultrie, Georgia,” analemba motero Michael Brady pa December 30. “Oyang’anira amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo kuchotsa anthu ntchito chifukwa chakuti samakukondani… Pano."

Ena amakhumudwa kuntchito koma amakayikira zakukonzekera. "Sipadzakhalanso ulemu kwa ife, timangogwira ntchito, ndizo zonse zomwe timachita ... Omwe amachotsedwa ntchito, zabwino zonse ndi gawo lanu laling'ono pano," analemba Travis Ratajcyzk, wotsitsa katundu ku Covina, California.

AKATSWIRI athu a ku Walmart m’masitolo ena anamutsimikizira kuti anali akugwira ntchito kwa chaka chimodzi ndipo sanachotsedwe ntchito.

Ndizotheka kuti gulu lomwe lilipo pano la National Labor Relations Board likuthandiza kuletsa kubwezera. Mu 2000, Walmart adayimbidwa mlandu wobwezera anthu ogwira ntchito m'sitolo m'dziko lonselo. Anthu makumi anayi ndi mmodzi adathamangitsidwa chifukwa cha zochitika zogwirizanitsa pakati pa 1998 ndi 2003, ikutero UFCW.

Mgwirizanowu ukuyembekeza kuti upambana chiletso chotsutsana ndi kampaniyo, chomwe chikanapatsa antchito mdziko lonse malo opumira kuti akonzekere. Koma, malinga ndi a Lichtenstein, Walmart adayimba foni ku White House, ndipo olamulira a Bush omwe akubwera adathamangitsa Mlangizi wamkulu wa NLRB a Leonard Page. Dandaulo silinapite kulikonse.

Pansi pa Purezidenti Obama, a board ndi alangizi ambiri akhala achifundo kwambiri pakukonza antchito ndipo apemphanso malamulo oletsa ntchito zotsutsana ndi mgwirizano m'makampani ena.

Bungweli lingakhale lothandiza ngati kampaniyo ibwereranso ku "moto woyamba, kuthana ndi zovuta zamalamulo pambuyo pake".

"Tikuganiza zoipitsitsa komanso tikuyembekeza zabwino," adatero Schlademan wa zomwe kampaniyo idachita posachedwa. "Walmart ndiyabwino kukhala woleza mtima ndikudikirira mpaka mawonekedwe atawachotsa."

Pokonzekera, mgwirizanowu ndi OUR Walmart akhala akuyesera malingaliro otengera sitolo, kotero anthu ammudzi amatha kuyambitsa mkangano ngati ogwira ntchito achotsedwa ntchito. Iwo akhala akupanganso dongosolo lamagetsi loyankhira mwachangu ndikulumikizana ndi atsogoleri amderalo achifundo ndi atsogoleri osankhidwa. Ndipo amakonza zonyanyala.

Jenny Brown ndi wolemba antchito a Labor Notes.jenny@labornotes.org

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