Kodi ndalama zoyenera kutsata lamulo loyipa ndi ziti? Pafupifupi kuyambira tsiku lomwe Congress idapereka No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), pakhala mikangano yokhudzana ndi momwe amaperekera ndalama. Koma ngakhale mikangano imeneyi yadzutsa mfundo zazikulu za zomwe zimatchedwa "ndalama zonse" za NCLB, iwo nthawi zambiri amapewa mfundo yakuti popanda kusintha kwakukulu mu "kuyesa ndi kulanga" njira yake yopititsa patsogolo sukulu ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za privatization ndi kusintha kwa msika mu maphunziro, ndalama zonse za NCLB zitha kupangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire.
Ma Democrat omwe adavotera NCLB ati ndi njira imodzi yokha yomwe angapangire olamulira aku Republican kuti awonjezere ndalama zamaphunziro ku federal. Koma posakhalitsa adayamba kudandaula kuti Purezidenti Bush akuchoka ku malonjezo ake ndikuchepetsa ndalama zamaphunziro ake. Pomwe zotsatira za mayeso olamulidwa ndi NCLB, zilango, ndi mndandanda wautali wa "masukulu olephera" zidabweretsa kulira m'dziko lonselo, mgwirizano wa pro-NCLB udayamba kugawika, ndipo a Democrat adakulitsa madandaulo awo pazandalama. Adanenanso za kusiyana kwa $ 14 biliyoni pakati pa magawo omwe "ololedwa" poyambirira a NCLB ndi zopempha za Bush. (M'dziko lodabwitsa la Congressing Bajeti, "chilolezo" ndi ziwerengero zomwe zimaloleza kuwononga ndalama mpaka magawo ena alamulo.
"Lonjezo la Purezidenti kuti apereke zofunikira ndi masukulu athu aboma ndi nthabwala chabe," adatero Rep. George Miller (D-Calif.), womanga wamkulu wa Democratic Bill mu Nyumbayi. Opanga malamulo a boma omwe alibe bajeti adadzudzula NCLB ngati "ntchito yopanda ndalama," ndipo mayiko osachepera anayi adavota kuti asalole kuti ndalama za boma zigwiritsidwe ntchito pokhazikitsa NCLB.
Anthu aku Republican adayankha, ndi kusakanikirana kwa kuzemba komanso kulondola, kuti magawo ovomerezeka a Congression nthawi zambiri amakhala apamwamba kuposa omwe amaperekedwa, komanso kuti ndalama zophunzirira boma pansi pa Bush zinali zapamwamba kuposa kale. Polankhula pawailesi pa Januware 4, 2003, Purezidenti ananena kuti bajeti yake yapereka โndalama zambiriโ kuti akwaniritse zolinga zalamulo. Mlembi wa maphunziro a Rod Paige anawonjezera kuti, "Chilichonse chomwe NCLB chimafuna chimalipidwa ndi ndalama zomwe amakhoma msonkho," malinga ndi Sabata la Maphunziro .
Ndiye, ndani akunena zoona? Poganizira mikangano yanthawi zonse ya ndale ku United States, sizodabwitsa kuti chowonadi sichili pakati, koma kwinakwake kupitirira kaimidwe kakang'ono komwe kamanyalanyaza, mbali zonse ziwiri, zolakwika zazikulu za NCLB.
Ndizowona kuti a Congression Democrats akhala akuthandizira ndalama zambiri zaboma pamaphunziro kuposa aboma ndi omwe amawathandizira (ngakhale malingaliro aposachedwa kwambiri a demokalase safika pa "chilolezo" chomwe akhala akuchitchula ngati "malonjezo"). Kumbali yake, Bush Administration yakweza ndalama zamaphunziro ku federal ndi madola mabiliyoni angapo, makamaka pamapulogalamu a Title I, ngakhale kukulako kudachepa kwambiri pambuyo pa chaka choyamba cha NCLB. Sizinachulukitse ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito kusukulu, zomwe zatsala pafupifupi zisanu ndi ziwiri peresenti, kusiya mtengo wokwaniritsa zomwe boma likufuna makamaka kumayiko ndi zigawo zakomweko.
Koma malingaliro onse a Democratic ndi Republican angotsala pang'ono kutengera zomwe zingatenge kuti akwaniritse malonjezo akulu a NCLB. NCLB ikulamula kuti ophunzira onse, kuphatikizapo ophunzira a maphunziro apadera ndi ophunzirira chinenero cha Chingerezi, afikire 100 peresenti yopambana pamayeso a boma pofika chaka cha 2014. Ena amawona kuti izi ndi kudzipereka kwabwino kuchotsa mipata yopambana. Ena amaona kuti ndi njira yandale kunena kuti masukulu aboma ndi olephera ndipo amatsegula njira yabizinesi ndi ma voucha. Koma ngakhale wina akuwona ntchitoyo, palibe kuthawa kuti NCLB sipereka ndalama za federal zofunika kuti zitheke.
Yawning Gulf
William Mathis, woyang'anira masukulu ku Brandon, Vt., komanso pulofesa wa zachuma ku yunivesite ya Vermont, adatsata zonena zosiyanasiyana zokhudza ndalama za NCLB (onani Sabata la Maphunziro , April 21). Adawunikanso zoyerekeza m'maboma 20 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuwerengera ntchito zasukulu, mapulogalamu owongolera, ndi ndalama zina zomwe zimafunikira kuti akwaniritse chiwopsezo chapadziko lonse lapansi pamayeso aboma. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti zingatenge chiwonjezeko cha 30 peresenti pachaka pakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pasukulu pano kuti mayiko afikire kufupi ndi zolinga za NCLB - ngakhale pamayeso ake ocheperako. Izi ndi pafupifupi $130 biliyoni pachaka, kapena pafupifupi 10 kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zilipo pamapulogalamu a Title I. Pakalipano, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito motsagana ndi NCLB zikuyimira chiwonjezeko chimodzi peresenti pa ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusukulu ku US.
Mpata woyasamula uwu pakati pa ndalama zomwe zilipo panopa za NCLB ndi zomwe zingawononge m'mapulogalamu ndi maphunziro oyendetsedwa ndi mayeso kuti atseke kusiyana kwa zotsatira za mayeso asiya ochirikiza a NCLB kukhala ndi kusiyana kodalirika kwawo. Posachedwapa, otsutsa ena a NCLB atengapo kudzaza ndi mfundo yakuti NCLB, kwenikweni, sichitha kulipidwa konse, koma imalandira ndalama zokwanira m'dera lokhalo lomwe liri lofunika kwambiri-kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo la "kuyankha" lovomerezeka la mayesero ndi miyezo. .
Mu Marichi 17 nkhani ya Sabata ya Maphunziro, akatswiri aลตiri otchuka a Harvard, Paul E. Peterson ndi Martin R. West, amatsutsa kuti โLamulo la No Child Left Behind, mโchenicheni ndilo kukonzanso kwa sukulu kotchipa, ndondomeko yopezera ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku ndalama zomwe zilipo kale, osati ntchito yamtengo wapatali. โ Iwo amatsutsa kuti mtima wa NCLB ndi muyeso weniweni wa udindo wa feduro ndi dongosolo la "kuyankha" lomwe limapangitsa masukulu kukhala ndi udindo wokwaniritsa zofunikira zatsopano-osati mapulogalamu enieni a maphunziro ndi mautumiki ofunikira kuti awafikire. Popeza kupanga miyezo ndi mayeso ndizotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi mapulogalamu enieni a maphunziro kapena zoyesayesa zenizeni za kupititsa patsogolo sukulu, West ndi Peterson amatsimikizira kuti pali ndalama zokwanira kuti masukulu azichita monga momwe NCLB ikulamulira. Potchulapo kafukufuku amene amaika mtengo wapakatikati wa kuyesa kukhala pafupifupi $15 pa wophunzira aliyense, iwo akumaliza kuti โndalama zenizeni za mchitidwe wa No Child Left Behind siziposa 0.2 peresenti ya mtengo wonse wa maphunziro a boma. Zikanakhala kuti ntchito zonse zopanda ndalama zikanakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri! "
Umboni Wochepa
Malinga ndi lingaliro ili, bola ngati boma la federal limapereka ndalama zothandizira chitukuko ndi kuyesedwa kwa mayesero, NCLB imalandira ndalama zonse-ngakhale "ndalama zambiri" m'njira zambiri. Kupitilira apo, zili m'maboma ndi maboma kuti atumizenso ndalama zomwe zilipo kale pamaphunziro ndi mapulogalamu kuti akwaniritse miyezo ya NCLB ndi zolinga zoyendetsedwa ndi mayeso. Nanga pakufunika ndalama zambiri? โNgati ndalama zikanakhoza kuthetsa vuto la maphunziro, tsopano zikanakhala kumbuyo kwathu,โ analemba motero akatswiri a Harvard. โMwatsoka, pali umboni wochepa wosonyeza kuti, pakalibe mpikisano wamsika, ndalama zambiri zimapanga masukulu abwino. . . . Mwachionekere, ndalama si zimene zimasoลตeka zomwe zalepheretsa ophunzira kufika pamlingo waluso umene lamulo la No Child Left Behind limaumirira.โ
Pa mlingo umodzi, mtsutso uwu ndi wopanda pake. Palibe boma lomwe lafikapo โpamlingo waluso womwe lamulo la No Child Left Behind limaumirizaโ ndikuwalamula kuti zisakhale choncho. Kuyembekezera kuti masukulu afafanize mipata yomwe akhalapo nthawi yayitali pamaphunziro pomwe amawakaniza zida zatsopano ndikusiya zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusalingana kumeneku si dongosolo la "kuyankha". Ndi dongosolo la ndale.
Pamlingo wina, komabe, West ndi Peterson akulondola kuti maziko a NCLB ndi dongosolo la "kuyankha" kolamulidwa ndi boma lomwe limayesa kuyendetsa mfundo zamaphunziro ku federal, boma, ndi m'madera akutsika mumsewu wanjira imodzi wokhazikika. mayeso. Cholinga chake ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo lokhazikika la "kuyankha" komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi mayeso komwe kumakhazikitsa masukulu aboma kuti alephere, kulungamitsa masitepe okhudzana ndi privatization ndi ma voucha, ndikugwiritsa ntchito miyezo ndi mayeso kukankhira njira zina zademokalase pakuwongolera masukulu mpaka kumapeto.
Pazifukwa izi, mtengo wa feduro wa NCLB ukhoza kulumikizidwa makamaka kumitengo yopangira "dongosolo loyankhira" lomwe likufunika kukankhira madera ndi zigawo za sukulu momwe akufunira, osati kumitengo yayikulu yokwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna.
Palibe kukayikira kuti kudzipereka kwenikweni "kusasiya mwana" kungafune kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ndalama zamaphunziro a federal. Ganizirani madola mabiliyoni ambiri pazaka zambiri-mtundu wa ndalama zomwe ankhondo amapeza. Komabe bajeti yonse yamaphunziro a chaka chino yamapulogalamu a K-12 ndi pafupifupi $36 biliyoni, zosakwana theka la zomwe Congress idavomereza. zowonjezera ndalama zokha zankhondo ku Iraq. Koma ngakhale kuti ndalama zazikuluzikuluzi ndizofunikira kuti apereke maphunziro okwanira kwa ana onse, ndalama zokha sizingakonze NCLB. Kuthira ndalama mu NCLB momwe zimapangidwira pano kumatanthauza kuwonjezera ndalama zambiri kumakampani oyesa, "othandizira maphunziro owonjezera," makampani opangira phindu, ndi mapulani olimbikitsa "chosankha" chokongoletsedwa ndi voucher. NCLB ikuyenera kusinthidwa kuchoka ku mayeso, kulanga, ndikukhazikitsa lamulo lachinsinsi kukhala lamulo lokweza masukulu. Kudalira kwambiri pakuyesa kokhazikika (kuphatikiza machitidwe opusa a "kupita patsogolo kokwanira pachaka"), zilango zolanga, mapulani osamutsira chipwirikiti, ndi zolakwika zamaphunziro zomwe lamulo limayika pamaphunziro apadera ndi ophunzira azilankhulo ziwiri zonse zimafunikira kukonzedwanso kwakukulu. Pokhapokha ngati izi zichitika ndipo "ndalama zonse za NCLB" zingakhale kulira kovomerezeka kwa masukulu ndi owalimbikitsa. NCLB ndi chilombo chimodzi chomwe chimafunika kudyetsedwa chisanadyedwe.
Stan Karp ([imelo ndiotetezedwa]) ndi mphunzitsi wa kusekondale ku Paterson, NJ, komanso mkonzi wa Sukulu Zopindulitsa. Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwanso kuchokera Sukulu Zopindulitsa"Chilimwe cha 2004.
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