Ndikudziwa kuti si nkhani yoseketsa pamene maganizo a apolisi aku America ayamba kulondera. Komabe, ngakhale itakhala ngati njira yodzitchinjirizira, sindingathe kuchita koma kuseka pomwe ndidawerenga lipoti lodziwika bwino lodziwika bwino lotsutsana ndi anthu aku America lomwe lidatulutsidwa mu Novembala watha ndi arch-reactionary American Council of Trustees and Alumni. (ACTA).
Pokhala ndi mutu wanyimbo Kuteteza Chitukuko: Momwe Mayunivesite Athu Akulepherera America ndi Zomwe Zingachitike pa Izo, lipoti la ACTA limalemba ndendende zitsanzo za 115 za "mayankho" owopsa a omwe amaphunzira ku 9-11 komanso kuphulitsidwa kwa Afghanistan. Olemba ake amati akuwonetsa kuti mayunivesite aku America sakuyenda bwino ndi zikhalidwe zaku America komanso zoyambira za Western Civilization.
Wapampando wa ACTA wotuluka komanso woyambitsa ndi Lynn Cheney, yemwe anali mutu wakale wa Reagan Era National Endowment for Humanities, mkazi wa Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti, komanso wolemba mabuku a ana okonda dziko lawo. Akunena kuti amalimbikitsa kumvetsetsa kwa American History ndi Western Civilization, ACTA ndi gulu lakutsogola lochokera ku Washington lomwe limayang'ana zolinga za Cheney za mapiko akumanja, odzipereka ku ukulu wa amuna oyera olemera komanso kukweza American Manifest Destiny m'mbuyomu ndi masiku ano.
Masukulu athu a maphunziro apamwamba, a ACTA akutero, agwera m'gawo lachisanu. Amalamulidwa, Cheney ndi anzake angafune kuti tikhulupirire, ndi gulu la aphunzitsi omasuka komanso okhwima kwambiri omwe palibe, ngakhale "chitukuko" chomwe chili chopatulika. Inde, afiti oipa ameneŵa amalimbikitsa achinyamata otengeka maganizo a ku America kuti asiye kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa “chabwino ndi choipa,” kukayikira ukulu woikidwa ndi Mulungu wa United States ndi kuti nthaŵi zonse “AMALAMULE AMERICA POYAMBA”. ACTA ikuyesera kutsutsa zabodzazo polimbikitsa chiphunzitso cha American ndi Western History chenichenicho, chomwe chimamveka kuti chimatanthauza nkhani yapamwamba ya amuna oyera omwe adauzidwa kwa iwo ndi ife ndi azungu akuluakulu.
Sizifuna kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zolemba zakale kwambiri kuti muwone apa mizukwa yamoyo ya nthawi ya McCarthy. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuwona McCarthyism wamaphunziro achotsedwa fumbi ndikutengedwa kupita ku 9-11 spin ndi bungwe lomwe woyambitsa wake adakwatiwa ndi Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wamphamvu kwambiri m'mbiri ya America, yemwe akuthandiza kuyang'anira ndikukhazikitsa kampeni yowopsa ya Orwellian ya nkhondo yachigawenga yosatha. pa uchigawenga.
Komabe, Kuteteza Chitukuko kumabweretsa chisangalalo m'njira zinayi. Choyamba, ndizoseketsa kuti wamng'ono adalankhula bwanji pasukulu yamaphunziro pambuyo pa 9-11, kunena mwamalingaliro, kuti alowe m'kabuku kakang'ono kakuda ka ACTA. Nazi zina mwazolemba za ACTA, zomwe zimaperekedwa monga umboni wa Kuteteza Chitukuko pamalingaliro ochuluka odana ndi America:
"Chotsani chiwawa" - gulu la aphunzitsi a Pomona College lomwe likukambirana za zomwe US akuyenera kuchita ku Middle East.
"Tiyenera kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito kulimba mtima pamtendere m'malo mwa nkhondo" - Pulofesa wa Maphunziro a Zipembedzo, Pomona College.
"Tiyenera kuganizira zomwe zikanabweretsa kukhumudwa komwe kudayambitsa milanduyi. Kukhala ndi chidani choterocho ndi chodabwitsa chomwe tiyenera kuyesetsa kumvetsetsa” – Mtsogoleri wa Programme on International Intelligence pa Woodrow Wilson School’s Center for International Studies, Princeton University.
"Diso la diso limasiya dziko lakhungu" - chizindikiro cha ophunzira pa msonkhano wa Harvard
"Chisoni chathu sikuyitanira nkhondo" - chithunzi ku New York University
"Ngati Osama bin-Laden atsimikiziridwa kuti ndiye adayambitsa zigawenga, US iyenera kumubweretsa ku khoti lapadziko lonse lapansi." - Pulofesa ku Stanford
Pazolemba zonse 115 za ACTA "mayankho", ndi atatu okha omwe ali "anti-American". Mmodzi kapena awiri okha amavomereza kuukiridwa kwa 9-11 ndipo okamba 16 okha amawonetsa ngakhale kulimba mtima kunena (monga ndidachitira pa 9-18 ku Northern Illinois University) kuti kumvetsetsa zachiwembuzo ndikuletsa zomwe zingachitike mtsogolo kungaphatikizepo kudzifufuza mozama. Mfundo zakunja zaku US.
Chachiwiri, Defending Civilization imachita zinthu zoseketsa kawiri kapena katatu za McCarthyite. Wokamba zatsoka m'modzi, yemwe amadziwika kuti "mtolankhani ku yunivesite ya North Carolina amaphunzitsa," amawerengera osachepera atatu mindandanda (nambala 17, 82, ndi 90) ndipo akhoza kuwerengera ena awiri (76 ndi 105). "Pulofesa wa linguistics ku MIT" (mwina Chomsky) amapeza mindandanda iwiri, monganso ena.
Chachitatu, ndizosangalatsa kuzindikira kuti ambiri mwa 115 "mayankho" amaphunziro sanapangidwe ndi akatswiri. Adachokera mkamwa mwa ophunzira komanso ochokera kwa omwe si ophunzira ngati mtolankhani wodabwitsa waku North Carolina. Mu McCarthyite mentalite wa olemba lipotilo, mosakayikira, mayankho osakwanira okonda dziko lawo a ophunzira akuwonetsa kusokoneza kwawo malingaliro ndi mapulofesa okhwima.
Pomaliza, Kuteteza Chitukuko ndi ACTA kumalimbikitsa chithunzi cholakwika moseketsa cha moyo pamakoleji ndi mayunivesite aku America. Pamodzi ndi nthano zoseketsa za ofalitsa nkhani zaufulu, lingaliro loti masukulu aku America ali akapolo ku zigawenga ndizodziwika bwino za mapiko a kumanja, zomwe zimabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza kuti zikhale nkhani yodziwonetsera yokha ya chikhulupiriro pakati ndi pakati pa osunga malamulo.
Zowona zenizeni za mphamvu ndi malingaliro pamasukulu aku America ndizosiyana, komabe. Kunena zowona, ophunzira ali ndi gulu lolimba la oganiza mozama komanso odziyimira pawokha omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira pazantchito zanzeru komanso zanzeru. Zofunikira zimenezo zikuphatikizapo kutulukira ndi kulankhula zowona za zinthu zofunika kwa anthu wamba amene amasamala nazo ndipo angachitepo kanthu kena kabwino ponena za izo m’mawu amene anthu oterowo angamvetse.
Amene amakwaniritsa zofunikirazi amakonda kuvomereza cholinga chokhala ngati "anthu anzeru," koma osati m'lingaliro lenileni la mawuwo. M'malo mongokhala "pagulu," nthawi zambiri kupititsa patsogolo zolinga zamphamvu zokhazikika payekha, amatanthauzira udindowu kutanthauza kulemba ndi kuyankhula "kwa anthu onse," kudziwitsa ndi kupatsa mphamvu anthu polimbana ndi magulu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zokhazikika pagulu komanso pagulu. Amakonda kukhala osakhutira ndi zomwe zikuchitika kunyumba ndi kunja. Amakonda kutsutsa kwambiri ndondomeko ndi mabungwe omwe alipo mu dziko lonse lapansi komanso dziko lonse lapansi lomwe limapangidwa mozungulira maulamuliro ndi maufumu, mogwirizana ndi mfundo zomveka bwino za Abambo Oyambitsa US zomwe ACTA ikufuna kuti tonse tiphunzire. Amakayikira kwambiri zolankhula zomwe opanga malamulo amavomereza kuchita ndawala zankhanza zolimbana ndi anthu ankhanza osatukuka komanso ochita nkhanza kunyumba ndi kunja.
Polankhula za kukayikira kumeneku ndi zidziwitso zina, aluntha enieni komanso ademokalase samadziyesa kuti ali ndi mphamvu zapadera pa chidziwitso chofunikira chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi digiri yaukatswiri komanso luso la ma arcane monographs ndi kugwirana chanza mwachinsinsi. Amakopa ndi kuphunzira kuchokera kwa anthu wamba m’malo mongowaphunzitsa, kufunafuna kudzuka, monga m’mawu abwino kwambiri a Eugene Debs, osati “kuchokera” koma “ndi unyinji.” Iwo amagwirizana ndi mawu odabwitsa a Debs akuti: “Pamene pali gulu lotsika, ine ndiri mmenemo; Ngakhale pali chigawenga, ine ndine wa izo; Ngakhale m'ndende muli munthu, sindine mfulu.
Tsoka ilo, anzeru otere ndi ochepa komanso ochepa pakati pa masukulu aku America. Kwa a Howard Zinn kapena a Edward S, Herman kapena (ochedwa) EP Thompson, kapena Noam Chomsky, pali aphunzitsi ochulukirapo omwe kafukufuku wawo, zofalitsa, ndi maphunziro awo zimayimilira mogwirizana ndi kugonjera kokhutitsidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsogolera mphamvu zamphamvu zazachuma ndi zandale.
Akatswiri ambiri a zaluso zaufulu ndi sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuphatikiza ngakhale angapo omwe amadziona ngati osasintha, amawononga nthawi yawo yambiri pamitu yopanda vuto komanso yofunika kwambiri yomwe imapereka chiwopsezo chochepa chabe ku mphamvu zomwe zilipo. Malipoti awo nthawi zambiri amapangidwira wina ndi mnzake, omwe amadziwika ndi nkhani zogonana komanso zoyambitsa ntchito (kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosadziwika ya neo-"Marxism" ndi "post-modernism") yomwe imasiya anthu omwe si akatswiri kuzizira komanso mumdima.
Monga momwe pulofesa wina woona za mbiri yakale anandiuza zaka zambiri zapitazo, anzake “amathera nthaŵi yawo yambiri akulemberana makalata achikondi aatali.” “Makalata achikondi” aja anali kunena za gulu la ophunzira la mabuku ndi nkhani zodziwonetsera okha. Ntchito zazitali komanso zokhudzidwa izi sizimapeza chilichonse koma owerenga osankhidwa kwambiri. Amachita bwino kwambiri pothandiza olemba awo kuti azitha kukhazikika komanso kukwezedwa pantchito komanso kusonkhanitsa fumbi pamashelefu a malaibulale akuyunivesite. Pakali pano, mapulofesa amene amaika maganizo awo pa kuphunzitsa, kulankhulana ndi kulimbikitsa zikwi za ophunzira kunja m'makalasi awo ndi m'mabwalo ophunzirira, ana a anthu amene amapereka malipiro a maprofesa, amanyozedwa chifukwa chosadziwa amene kwenikweni omvera.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuthekera kwakukulu kwa maphunziro kumachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa chotsutsana kwambiri ndi nzeru zapamwamba komanso kugawa chidziwitso ndi ntchito m'madipatimenti ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Kupatukana kwapayunivesite yamakono (kosonyezedwa m’nkhani yamaphunziro imene ndinamvapo ponena za “Marx katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu, Marx wasayansi yandale, Marx katswiri wa zachuma, Marx wolemba mbiri yakale, ndi Marx katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu”) maganizo amachititsa kukhala kovuta kwa ophunzira ndi ophunzira kupanga kulumikizana kofunikira pazantchito zanzeru komanso kutsutsa kwakukulu. Ochepa omwe amakwera pamwamba pake nthawi zambiri amadzudzulidwa chifukwa cholankhula kunja kwa gawo lawo laling'ono la ukatswiri wamaphunziro.
Kangapo, ndamva akatswiri ambiri akudzudzula Noam Chomsky chifukwa chokhala ndi vuto lolemba za zomwe zikuchitika kunja kwa gawo lake la zinenero. Zina mwa machimo ambiri a Chomsky, m'maganizo a ophunzira, ndi chizolowezi chake cholowera kudera la malo awo apadera, omwe nthawi zambiri amawateteza ndi nsanje yoopsa yomwe ingawapangitse nthawi yopuma kumalo osamalira ana. .
Pakati pa ophunzira ambiri omwe amakulitsa ukatswiri wamaphunziro ndi nkhani kuti alembe ndikulankhula za zinthu zofunika m'njira yomwe imayenera kumveka kunja kwa sukuluyi, zowona zenizeni za kalasi, mphamvu ndi zotsatira za zochita "osankhika" zili pafupifupi. zosatchulidwa. Akatswiriwa amakonda kulemba ndi kuyankhula m’njira yochititsa chidwi komanso yoona ponena za United States monga dziko lakwawo ndi likulu la “ufulu,” “msika waufulu [m’dziko lenileni] ukapitalist, ndi “demokalase,” zonsezo zinakanganirana wina ndi mnzake. Amalankhula m'mawu odziwa zonse za "mapeto a mbiri yakale," kutanthauza kutha kwa nkhondo ya mbiri yakale ya chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu. Amalemekeza “kuchita bwino” kwamphamvu kwa “msika” (kwenikweni wamakampani ndi ukapitala wa boma) amene akugwiririra chitaganya cha anthu ndi dziko lapansi limene limadalira. Amanena mwatsatanetsatane kusakhalapo kwa njira zina m'malo mwa maulamuliro omwe alipo kale pazachuma, ndale, ndi mafumu apadziko lonse lapansi.
Ochepa olimba mtima omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba omwe amafotokoza zabodza za mikangano iyi ndi kufuna kupulumutsa sukuluyi ku kugonjera kwake kopanda mphamvu kumakankhidwira m'mphepete mwa maphunziro awo ndi mabungwe awo. Iwo amalembedwa ngati alienated cranks. Sanaitanidwe kumaphwando, misonkhano, misonkhano yoyambira, ndi zochitika zapa media komwe mphotho ndi "zosangalatsa zamaphunziro" zimaperekedwa. Amanyozedwa chifukwa cholephera kumvetsetsa kuti kupereka chilolezo, mwachindunji kapena mosalunjika, ku mphamvu ndi chiphaso cha moyo wabwino waulamuliro, sabata, nthawi yotentha, komanso kuchepa kwa maphunziro.
Inde, pali vuto lalikulu la makhalidwe ndi luntha m'mayunivesite apamwamba a ku America koma ndizopanda pake komanso zopanda kumanzere zomwe zimalepheretsa masukulu a US. waku America. Mkhalidwe kumeneko uli pansi pa ulamuliro wa anthu oyenera.
Paul Street ndi wofufuza za chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso wolemba pawokha ku Chicago. Anaphunzitsa mbiri yamakono ya US kwa zaka zambiri m'mayunivesite osiyanasiyana ndi makoleji m'dera la Chicago. Iye akhoza kufikiridwa pa pstreet@cul-Chicago.org
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