Kuyambira pa Okutobala 7 kuukira kwa Hamas komwe kudapha anthu 1,200 ku Israeli, gulu lankhondo la Israeli lapha anthu opitilira 17,000 aku Palestine, opitilira 7,000 mwaiwo ndi ana, ndikuvulaza oposa 46,000. Pafupifupi anthu 1.9 miliyoni - pafupifupi 85 peresenti ya anthu a ku Gaza - akakamizidwa kuthawa nyumba zawo ndikukankhira pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a Gaza Strip.
Anthu ambiri ku Gaza athawa kwawo ndipo ali pafupi kufa ndi njala.
Pa Okutobala 13, poyembekezera kuukira kwawo ku Gaza, Israeli idalamula anthu 1.1 miliyoni aku Palestine kumpoto kwa Gaza kuti asamukire kumwera mkati mwa maola 24. Ngakhale kuti linali tsiku losatheka kuti likwaniritsidwe, theka la anthu a ku Gaza anasamutsidwa mokakamiza potsatira lamulo loti asamuke. Kenako, asitikali aku Israeli adaphulitsa bomba kumpoto, kumenya nyumba ndi zipatala. Malo ambiri anasanduka bwinja.
"N'kosatheka kuti anthu opitilira theka la anthu aku Gaza azitha kudutsa m'dera lankhondo, popanda zotsatirapo zoyipa zaumphawi, makamaka pomwe akusowa zofunikira ndi ntchito zofunika," adatero. adatero Paula Gaviria Betancur, mtolankhani wapadera pazaufulu wa anthu othawa kwawo, pa Okutobala 13.
Israel idalamula anthu aku Gaza kumwera kuti asamuke pa Disembala 3. Koma palibe komwe angapite. Kuwoloka kwa malire a Israeli kwatsekedwa ndipo Kuwoloka kwa Rafah kuchokera ku Egypt ndikoletsedwa kwambiri. Anthu ambiri akugona mโmisewu ndi mโmisewu. "Zithunzi zochokera ku Gaza pa [December 3] zinasonyeza utsi wakuda ukukwera pamwamba pa nthaka yokutidwa ndi zinyalala ndipo ana amagazi akulira m'zipatala zomwe zili ndi fumbi," akutero a New York Times lipoti. โOlira anaima pambali pa mizere ya mitembo itakulungidwa ndi nsalu zoyera.โ
"Pansi pa malamulo opereka chithandizo chapadziko lonse lapansi, malo omwe mumasamutsira anthu ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zokwanira kuti apulumuke - zipatala, chakudya ndi madzi," adatero wolankhulira bungwe la United Nations Children's Fund James Elder pokambirana ndi. ndi Times. โSizili choncho ayi. Ndizigawo za malo ouma, misewu kapena ngodya kapena malo aliwonse moyandikana, nyumba zomangidwa theka. Chinthu chofala chimene ali nacho nโchakuti alibe madzi, alibe zipangizo, alibe pobisalira kuzizira ndi mvula, ndipo makamaka alibe ukhondo.โ
Mtsogoleri wa UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Martin Griffiths, anati kampeni yankhondo yaku Israeli yakhazikitsa "apocalyptic" ndikuthetsa ntchito zothandiza zothandiza anthu. "Izi ndizovuta kwambiri tsopano, chifukwa awa ndi otsalira a fuko lomwe likuyendetsedwa m'thumba kumwera," adatero Griffiths.
Kusamutsa Mokakamiza Ndi Upandu Wotsutsana ndi Anthu, Uwawa Wankhondo ndi Kuphana
Lamulo la Roma Bungwe la International Criminal Court (ICC) lalemba mndandanda wa kusamutsidwa mokakamiza kwa anthu ngati mlandu wotsutsana ndi anthu "pamene wachitidwa monga gawo la chiwembu chofala kapena mwadongosolo kwa anthu wamba, podziwa za chiwembucho." Asitikali a Israeli achita kuwukira kofalikira komanso mwadongosolo kwa anthu wamba ku Gaza.
Kusamutsa mokakamiza pansi pa Lamulo la Roma "kumatanthauza kuthamangitsidwa mokakamizidwa kwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kuthamangitsidwa kapena kuchita zinthu zina zowakakamiza m'dera lomwe akupezekamo mwalamulo, popanda zifukwa zololedwa pansi pa malamulo a mayiko." Palibe zifukwa zamalamulo kapena zamakhalidwe kuti Israeli achotse mokakamiza 85 peresenti ya anthu aku Gaza.
Lamulo la Roma limafotokozanso kuti "kusamutsa anthu onse kapena zigawo za dera lomwe anthu akukhala mkati kapena kunja kwa gawoli" ndi mlandu wankhondo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kusamutsa mokakamiza kumatha kukhala mlandu wopha anthu pansi pa lamulo la Rome Statute. Zogwirizana ndi Msonkhano Wapakati, Lamulo la Roma limafotokoza kuti โkuwononga dala moyo wa gulu lonse kapena mbali ina yakeโ ndi kupha fuko likachitika ndi cholinga chofuna kupha fuko.
Mawu ambiri a akuluakulu a Israeli adawonetsa cholinga chawo kupha anthu mwa kuyeretsa anthu onse kapena gawo lina la Gaza. Iwo adalumbira โkuchotsa zonse mu Gazaโ ndi kulisandutsa โmudzi wa mahema.โ
Kuphatikiza apo, kusamutsidwa mokakamiza "kwa anthu otetezedwa kuchokera kudera lomwe akukhalamo kupita kudera la Occupying Power kapena dziko lina lililonse, lokhala kapena ayi, ndikoletsedwa, mosasamala kanthu za zolinga zawo" ndi Msonkhano Wachinayi wa Geneva Wokhudzana ndi Chitetezo cha Anthu Wamba Panthawi Yankhondo.
Lamulo la ku Roma limaonanso kuti mlandu wopha anthu ndi mlandu wokhudza anthu โpamene anthu wachita chiwembu chofala kapena mwadongosolo, chokhudza anthu wamba amene akudziwa za kuukirako.โ Kupha anthu, malinga ndi lamuloli, โkukuphatikizapo kuwononga moyo mwadala . . . Pa Okutobala 9, boma la Israeli lidakulitsa kuzungulira kwa zaka 16 kwa Gaza ku โkuzingidwa kotheratu,โ kupha anthu wamba ndikudula chakudya, madzi, mafuta ndi magetsi.
Nambala 2.0
Mu 1948, Israeli adachita Nakba (kapena "tsoka"), kampeni yachiwawa yoyeretsa anthu a 750,000 a Palestine kuchokera kudziko lawo kuti apange dziko la Israeli. Ziwawa zazikulu komanso kupha anthu ambiri kupha anthu pafupifupi 15,000 aku Palestine. Nakba idapangitsa kuti 85 peresenti ya anthu aku Palestine asamuke.
Israeli ikubwezeretsanso Nakba ya zaka 75 zapitazo. "Tsopano tikukhazikitsa Gaza Nakba," membala wa nduna ya chitetezo ku Israeli komanso Minister of Agriculture Avi Dichter idalengezedwa pa Novembara 11. "Gaza Nakba 2023. Umu ndi momwe zidzathera."
Masiku ano Nakba yadutsa kale kuyeretsedwa kwa mafuko a 1948 ku Palestine, pomwe 85 peresenti ya anthu aku Gaza adathawa kwawo komanso anthu opitilira 17,000 aku Palestine aphedwa kale. Israeli sakuwonetsa chizindikiro chomaliza kumenya anthu aku Palestine ndipo ziwerengerozi zikukwera tsiku lililonse.
Woyimira mlandu wamkulu wa ICC Awonetsa Kukondera kwa Israeli
ICC yalephera kufufuza momveka bwino atsogoleri a Israeli pamilandu yawo pansi pa lamulo la Rome.
Mu 2021, woimira milandu wamkulu wa ICC a Fatou Bensouda, analengeza kutsegulidwa kwa kafukufuku wokhudza milandu yankhondo yomwe idachitika ku West Bank, kuphatikiza East Jerusalem, ndi Gaza Strip, panthawi komanso kuyambira "Operation Protective Edge," kuukira kwa Israeli ku Gaza mu 2014 komwe kudapha 2,251 Palestinians.
Pambuyo poyesa zaka zisanu zoyambirira, Bensouda adapeza a maziko oyenera kukhulupirira kuti akuluakulu a Israeli adachita milandu yakupha mwadala, kuvulaza mwadala, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mosagwirizana ndi kusamutsidwa kwa Israeli kudera la Palestine. Bensouda adatsimikiza kuti palinso zifukwa zomveka zofufuzira milandu yomwe anthu aku Palestine angachite, kuphatikizapo kuukira mwadala anthu wamba, kugwiritsa ntchito anthu wamba ngati zishango za anthu, kupha mwadala ndi kuzunza.
Koma ngakhale zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zafukufuku za "zochitika ku Palestine," ICC sinapite patsogolo kwambiri kuti atsogoleri a Israeli akhale ndi mlandu.
Palinso milingo iwiri yowonekera bwino mu ICC yochitira zinthu ku Ukraine ndi Palestine. M'mwezi wa Marichi, patatha chaka chimodzi dziko la Russia litalanda dziko la Ukraine, woimira milandu wamkulu wa ICC Karim Khan analengeza kuti bwalo lamilandu lidapereka chilolezo chomangidwa kwa Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin pamilandu yankhondo ku Ukraine.
Craig Mokhiber ndi loya wanthawi yayitali waufulu wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi yemwe adatula pansi udindo wake ngati director of the New York Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights chifukwa UN idalephera kuthana ndi zomwe adatcha "mlandu wopha anthu" womwe ukuchitikira. Gaza. Iye chodziwika kusiyana pakati pa chithandizo cha ICC ku Palestine ndi Ukraine ngati "kusagwirizana kodabwitsa."
Pa Disembala 3, Khan adayendera Israel ndi Ramallah ku West Bank yomwe idalandidwa. Anapereka mawu odzudzula Hamas chifukwa cha "kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa mfundo zazikulu zaumunthu potenga ndi kupitiriza kusunga ana." Anadzudzulanso "kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zochitika za kuukira kwa Israeli omwe akukhala ku Palestine ku West Bank."
Koma Khan sanadzudzule boma la Israeli chifukwa cha kupha anthu, zigawenga zankhondo komanso zolakwa za anthu ku Gaza, kuphatikiza kupha anthu masauzande ambiri aku Palestine, kuphulitsa nyumba za anthu wamba, komanso kusamutsa mokakamiza (tsopano 85 peresenti) ya anthu aku Gaza.
Khan adanena mawu a milquetoast kuti kuyankha kwa Israeli pakuwukira kwa Hamas "kutengera malamulo omveka bwino omwe amawongolera nkhondo. Kusamvana komwe kuli anthu ambiri komwe omenyera nkhondo akunenedwa kuti akukhazikika mwachisawawa ndizovuta, koma lamulo lachiyanjano lapadziko lonse lapansi liyenera kugwirabe ntchito ndipo gulu lankhondo la Israeli likudziwa lamulo lomwe liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. "
Pa Disembala 6, ndidalumikizana ndi akatswiri ambiri azamalamulo, ubale wapadziko lonse ndi ndale. kusaina kalata yotseguka ku ICC's Assembly of States Parties kuwalimbikitsa kuti afufuze "kupanda tsankho ndi tsankho" kwa Khan.
Tidalemba kuti mawu a Khan "akuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ophwanya malamulo padziko lonse lapansi, komanso kutanthauzira mosagwirizana ndi malamulo ake." Khan, tidawona kuti, "zikuwoneka kuti watsimikiza kale kuti zigawenga zapadziko lonse lapansi zachitika ndi magulu ankhondo aku Palestine, zomwe zikulepheretsa malamulo ofunikira, kuphatikizirapo kudzinenera kukhala wosalakwa ndi miyezo yoyenera.โ
M'kalata yathu, tidawonetsa kuti Khan adagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "osalakwa" pofotokoza anthu wamba aku Israeli koma sanagwiritse ntchito mawu omwewo ponena za anthu aku Palestine, ndipo sanatchule "chiwopsezo chakupha anthu ku Gaza."
Tidayitanitsa Assembly of States Parties kuti "awonetsetse kuti Woyimira milandu akupereka ndalama potengera zosowa zofufuzira m'malo moyika patsogolo pazandale, ndipo adalimbikitsa kuti ifulumizitse kufufuza kwake pazochitika ku Palestine."
Mlembi Wamkulu wa UN Apempha "Chida Champhamvu Kwambiri" mu Charter ya UN
Pa Disembala 6, Mlembi Wamkulu wa UN Antรณnio Guterres anatumiza kalata Bungwe la Security Council likulimbikitsa bungweli kuti lilengeze za kuthetsa nkhondo kuti "njira zopulumutsira zibwezeretsedwe, ndipo thandizo laumunthu lingaperekedwe motetezeka komanso panthawi yake kudutsa Gaza Strip." Anati, "Sitingadikire" ndipo adadzudzula "kuzunzika koopsa kwa anthu, kuwonongedwa kwa thupi ndi kupwetekedwa pamodzi ku Israeli ndi madera omwe akukhala a Palestina."
Guterres adapempha kuti ndime 99 ya UN Charter yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amene amati Mlembi wamkulu โakhoza kudziwitsa Bungwe la Security Council nkhani iliyonse yomwe malinga ndi malingaliro ake, ingawopseza kusungitsa mtendere ndi chitetezo padziko lonse lapansi.
"Zinthu zikuchulukirachulukira kukhala tsoka lomwe silingathe kusintha kwa anthu onse aku Palestina komanso mtendere ndi chitetezo mderali," adatero Guterres. "Zotsatira zotere ziyenera kupewedwa mulimonse."
Pa Disembala 8, Security Council idakumana poyankha pempho la Guterres. Guterres adziwa bungweli "Palibe chitetezo chokwanira cha anthu wamba. Anthu a ku Gaza akuuzidwa kuti azisuntha ngati pinballs yaumunthu - kuyendayenda pakati pa tinthu tating'ono tating'ono ta kum'mwera, popanda zofunikira kuti apulumuke. Koma palibe ku Gaza komwe kuli kotetezeka.
A Guterres adati, "Ndikupempha Khonsolo kuti liyesetse kukakamiza kuti kuthetse nkhondo mwachangu, kuteteza anthu wamba, komanso kupereka thandizo lopulumutsa moyo mwachangu."
United States idavotera chigamulo cha Security Council chomwe chikanafuna kuti anthu athetse nkhondo, chitetezo cha anthu wamba aku Palestine ndi Israeli, komanso kumasulidwa kwachangu komanso mopanda malire kwa onse omwe adagwidwa.
Apanso, US yapatsa Israeli chivundikiro cha ndale ndi ukazembe pamilandu yake yankhondo, kupha anthu, komanso milandu yolimbana ndi anthu.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama