Kusintha komwe kungachitike pazandale kukuchitika pagulu la anthu aku America omwe sayembekezeredwa: akhristu a evangelical. Kutsatira utsogoleri wa a Donald Trump, zovuta m'magulu a evangelical, makamaka pakati pa anthu amitundu, zapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri apatuka pazabwino ndikuyamba kutsata chilungamo cha anthu pankhani zamtundu, kusamuka, nyengo ndi chilungamo pazachuma. Izi zikafika poipa, zitha kuyambitsa zivomezi zomwe zimafalikira kudera lonse la zipembedzo ndikupitilira ndale za US.
Ngakhale kuti tsogolo la ndale za ulaliki silikudziwika, magawano omwe akuchitika m'malo achipembedzo akupanga mwayi waukulu kwa iwo omwe akufuna kulimbikitsa kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, kulinganiza pakati pa otsutsa a evangelical kumapereka maphunziro ofunikira momwe omwe akugwira ntchito pazachilungamo angapeze malo achonde m'madera omwe akukhala kunja kwa anthu omwe akuwakayikira - ngati atha kugwirizana ndi anthu omwe samadziwika kuti ndi mbali zonse zachikhalidwe. pakati pa kumanja ndi kumanzere ndale.
Chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe mawu oti "evangelical" amatanthauziridwa, ndizovuta kuyika chiwerengero chenicheni cha akhristu a chievangeliko ku America lero. A 2016 kafukufuku ndi Wheaton College, yunivesite yapadera yachipembedzo, akuti pafupifupi anthu 90 mpaka 100 miliyoni ku United States ndi olalikira. Masiku ano, zimatengedwa mopepuka kuti chigawo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zipilala zolimba kwambiri za mgwirizano wa Republican - ndipo pali zifukwa zomveka zowonera zinthu motere: Mu 2016, peresenti 80 a evangelical oyera adathandizira a Donald Trump, ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a alaliki odzizindikiritsa okha Kunena chikhulupiriro chawo chimakhudza zikhulupiriro zawo zandale.
Chizindikiritso cha kumanja koteroko, komabe, sichinatsekeredwe mpaka kalekale. Posachedwapa chakumayambiriro kwa zaka za mโma 1970, alaliki ankaonedwa ngati gulu lalikulu la ndale. Kufikira pomwe adapanga gulu lovota, adawonedwa kuti ndi ogawanika komanso okopa - chigawo chomwe andale a demokalase atha kupambana nawo monga Jimmy Carter. Inde, popeza Carter nayenso anali Mkristu wobadwanso mwatsopano, Newsweek magazini yotchedwa 1976, chaka chimene anasankhidwa, โChaka cha Evangelical. "
A pamodzi kampeni ndi magulu osamala kwambiri monga Moral Majority, Christian Coalition ndi Focus on the Family adatsimikiza kuti zomwe zidzatchulidwe m'tsogolo za alaliki mu ndale sizikutanthauza kupambana kwa pulezidenti wa Democratic. M'mawu amgwirizano wamagulu a anthu, projekiti yazaka makumi angapo yolembedwa ndi "Ufulu Watsopano"Kusintha gulu la alaliki kuchoka ku gulu losokonezeka komanso lopanda chidwi nthawi zina kukhala limodzi mwa anthu omwe amatsatira malamulo okhwima kwambiri kuimira kukwaniritsidwa kwadongosolo komwe sikunachitikepo.
Ngakhale osunga malamulo apereka chitsanzo cha m'mabuku a momwe chigawochi chingagawikitsire madera kuti alimbikitse kukhulupilika ndikusuntha anthu osaganiza bwino mumsasa wandale, kusagwirizana komwe kunachitika pansi pa Trump kudayamba kubweza. Kumbali imodzi, a Trump anali katswiri pakulimbikitsa okonda zachipembedzo ndikulimbitsa chidziwitso chawo ndi iye. Analysis kuchokera ku Pew Research Center akuwonetsa kuti ngakhale ena omwe sali azungu omwe sapita kutchalitchi tsopano akutenga mawu akuti "evangelical" - osati kuwonetsa chipembedzo, koma kuwonetsa malingaliro andale ndikuwonetsa kuchirikiza chipani cha Trump.
Kumbali ina, zotsatira zodziwikiratu za kugawanikana ndikuti, ngakhale otsatira ambiri akamakula kwambiri, ena amayamba kukhala otalikirana. Pamene mukakamiza anthu kutenga mbali, mukhoza kukokera ambiri mu khola lanu; komabe, mungakhale pachiwopsezo chotaya kachigawo kakang'ono kamene kazimitsidwa ndipo osafuna kudumpha. Zizindikiro zakubwererana koteroko zitha kuwoneka pakati pa alaliki - makamaka anthu amitundu.
Ngakhale kuti ofalitsa ochepa okha ndi amene angasunthike kuti agwirizane ndi kaimidwe kowonjezereka, chiyambukiro cha oponya voti onse chingakhale chachikulu.
Palibe amene angatsutse kuti ufulu wataya ulamuliro wake pa alaliki onse, monga alaliki oyera adakali pakati pa ambiri. othandizira akhama ya Purezidenti wakale Trump. Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe atsogoleri aulaliki amachitira pa zionetsero zazikulu zokhudzana ndi kupanda chilungamo, COVID, ndi #Inenso - pamodzi ndi chiwerewere ndi zonyansa m'matchalitchi ambiri - zayamba kuthamangitsa anthu ambiri. Nthawi zina, omwe akuchoka tsopano akufunafuna mawu atsopano a chikhulupiriro chawo omwe amagwirizana ndi chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu - zomwe nthawi zina zimawapangitsa kuti azitsutsana kwambiri ndi othandizira a Trump a evangelical oyera.
Ngakhale kuti ofalitsa ochepa okha ndi amene angasunthike kuti agwirizane ndi kaimidwe kowonjezereka, chiyambukiro cha oponya voti onse chingakhale chachikulu. Pachifukwa ichi, kumvetsetsa magawano omwe akupanga - ndikuwunika mwayi womwe akupereka - ndi ntchito yofunikira.
Kugawanika emgwirizano wa vangelical?
M'zaka zaposachedwa pakhala nkhani zambiri za momwe kuzindikirika kwamphamvu kwamapiko akumanja a gulu la evangelical kwayamba kutulutsa ziwerengero za anthu opatuka. Kwenikweni, izi zanenedwa ponena za anthu amene amasiya matchalitchi awo.
Chiwerengero cha anthu aku America omwe amadzitcha kuti ndi Akhristu (omwe kale anali opitilira 90 peresenti ya anthu) chatsika pang'onopang'ono kuyambira m'ma 1960, ndi kuchepa. kuthamanga mโzaka 10 zapitazi. Pakati pa kagulu kakang'ono ka anthu omwe amadziwika kuti ndi alaliki oyera, kutsika kwadziwika kwambiri. Malinga ndi Public Religion Research Institute, โ23 peresenti ya anthu a ku America anali Apulotesitanti achizungu mu 2006; pofika chaka cha 2020, chiwerengerochi chatsika kufika pa 14.5 peresenti yokha.โ Zina mwa izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zipembedzo za anthu, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa anthu kumafufuza kuti "palibe" pazofufuza atafunsidwa zachipembedzo.
Koma kungakhale kulakwa kupeputsa kugwirizana pakati pa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha alaliki ndi kusagwirizana ndi zigawenga zomwe zafala mโmipingo yambiri. Kutsatira chisankho cha Trump mu 2016, hashtag ya #Exvangelical idakhala kutchuka kwambiri, pamene alaliki achizungu ambiri anasiya matchalitchi awo, akumatchula za kudalira Trump pakati pa atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi nkhani zawo zandale zandale ngati chinthu chofunika kwambiri.
Kutuluka mu ulaliki uku kwasonyezedwa ndi kutuluka kwa anthu otchuka m'gululi. Mmodzi mwa anthu oterowo anali Peter Wehner, wogwira ntchito zandale yemwe adagwira ntchito m'maboma atatu a Republican. Mu op-ed yotchuka ya New York Times wotchedwa "Chifukwa Chimene Sindingathe Kudzitcha Kuti Ndine Wa Evangelical Republican, "Wehner adalemba kuti sakumvanso bwino ndi dzina loti "evangelical" atatha kuchitira umboni mosalekeza pakati pa akhristu anzawo okonda Roy Moore, yemwe kale anali woweruza wa Khothi Lalikulu la Alabama komanso wosankhidwa ndi Republican pa mpikisano wa Senate ya 2017 US yemwe adatsutsidwa ndi chiwerewere ndi anthu asanu ndi anayi. akazi.
Momwemonso, mphunzitsi wa Baibulo komanso Mkhristu wokonda kusamala Beth Moore (palibe ubale ndi Roy Moore) anasiya Southern Baptist Convention, kapena SBC. Adanenanso, mwa zina, kulephera kwa mpingo wawo kudzudzula tepi ya "Access Hollywood" ya Trump. Panthawiyi, kusintha kwa ndale kwasokoneza mabungwe monga World Magazine, bungwe lodziwika bwino la nkhani zachikristu, lomwe anataya mkonzi wamkulu Martin Olasky ndi zingapo atolankhani omwe adatsutsa kuti bukuli likukhalabe gwero lodziwika bwino komanso lokhala ndi malingaliro osasintha.
Zinthu ngati zimenezi ndi chizindikiro cha kupatukana kwakukulu mu mpingo wa Evangelical, mmene anthu ambiri amakayikira ngati anthu a mโdera limene ankawaona kuti ndi kwawo kapena ayi. Akuwona magawano akuchulukirachulukira osati pa Trump kokha, koma makamaka pankhani monga kugonana, #Inenso komanso kuyankha kwa anthu ku mliri wa COVID. Mbiri yapamwamba zopanda pake zawonjezera mikangano ndikupangitsa kuti matchalitchi ambiri achoke. Megachurch kuchokera Seattle ku Illinois ku Alabama ndi kupitirira adawonapo akusiya ntchito kwa abusa odziwika bwino pambuyo pa milandu ya chiwerewere kapena kusakhulupirika - ndi kufufuza monga lipoti lalikulu la kugwiriridwa mu SBC omwe adatulutsidwa mu Meyi 2022 adalemba za kugwiriridwa molakwika kwa zonena zachipongwe.
Mwinanso mofanana ndi nkhani ina iliyonse, funso la mtundu wa anthu layambitsa mikangano mโmadera olalikira.
M'nkhani ya February 2022 ya magazini yachikhristu Zinthu Zoyamba, Wolemba za Evangelical Aaron Renn anatsutsana: โKumene kunali nkhondo ya chikhalidwe pakati pa Chikristu ndi anthu akunja, lerolino pali nkhondo ya chikhalidwe mkati mwa ulaliki wokha.โ Osati atsogoleri odziwika okha, komanso azibusa apamwamba akuchoka mochuluka. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2021 wopangidwa ndi kampani yachikhristu ya Barna Group, 38 peresenti ya azibusa. anati analingalira zosiya utumiki wa nthaลตi zonse. Scott Dudley, m'busa ku Bellevue Presbyterian Church, adanena Atlantic kuti abusa ambiri sanangochoka mโmatchalitchi awo, koma asankha kukachita ntchito zosiyana kotheratu. Dudley anati: โIwo aona kuti tchalitchi chawo chasanduka malo ogwirira ntchito ankhanza kumene panthaลตi iriyonse anganenedwe, kunyozedwa, ndi kunyozedwa mโnjira zachipongwe ndi zaukali,โ anatero Dudley, โkapena alinganiza magulu a anthu mkati mwa tchalitchicho amafuna kuti azichita zinthu mopanda ulemu. kuchotsedwa ntchito.โ
Pakufalitsidwa kwambiri February 2022 maganizo chidutswa pakuti New York Times, wolemba nkhani komanso mlembi David Brooks adasanthula kusamvana kumeneku m'gulu la evangelical. โZisokonezo za ulaliki sizinangosokoneza maubale; ikuthetsa makonzedwe a mabungwe ambiri aulaliki,โ analemba motero. โMabanja ambiri, mipingo, mabungwe achipembedzo ngakhalenso zipembedzo zikugawanika. Ndidafunsa atsogoleri ambiri achievangeliko omwe amasamala za Trump ngati akuganiza kuti gulu lawo lisweka. Ambiri adanena kale. "
Kusweka kwa rmizere ya acial
Mwinanso mofanana ndi nkhani ina iliyonse, funso la mtundu wa anthu layambitsa mikangano mโmadera olalikira. Mโnkhani yake, Brooks anatchula โmakhalidwe okhudzana ndi mafukoโ kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zapangitsa kuti alaliki achikristu alekana. "Nthawi zina zakhala zowawa komanso zododometsa," Thabiti Anyabwile, yemwe amatsogolera anthu ambiri akuda. Anacostia River Church ku Washington, DC, adanena Brooks. "Mgwirizano wanga wonse wakonzedwanso. Ndataya maubwenzi a zaka 20. Ndakhala nditalikirana kwambiri ndi maubwenzi omwe kale anali oyandikana kwambiri ndipo ndimaganiza kuti adzakhala pafupi moyo wanga wonse. ndamva chisoni.โ
Mu lipoti lapadera la April 2017 la Chipembedzo Chimasokoneza mutu wakuti โBetrayed at the Polls, Evangelicals of Colour at a Crossroads,โ mtolankhani Deborah Jian Lee. zopangidwa amayi angapo achikuda omwe adasiya mipingo yawo pambuyo pa chisankho cha Trump. Alicia Crosby, yemwe ndi woyimira chilungamo cha anthu akuda, adamva kuti waperekedwa ndi chithandizo chauvangeli woyera kwa Trump ndipo adasiya tchalitchi chake kuti akapeze Center for Inclusivity. Crosby walankhulapo ambiri podcasts za zomwe adakumana nazo kusiya mpingo wa evangelical ndikupeza gulu lachikhristu kwina. Mu 2019, iye analemba: โPakadali pano, sikokwanira kufunsa momwe Akhristu angakhalire okonda chilungamo, ndikofunikira kuwafunsa kuti aganizire momwe miyambo yawo ndi zikhulupiliro zawo zimagwirira ntchito limodzi popanga zinthu zovulaza, mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zimawakhudza. makhalidwe abwino.โ
Chanequa Walker-Barnes, pulofesa wa zaumulungu wothandiza pa McAfee School of Theology pa yunivesite ya Mercer ku Atlanta, adachoka ku tchalitchi cha azungu ambiri komwe adagwirapo ntchito. Iye anati: โAnthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana [akhala] ofunitsitsa kulowa mโmalo olalikirira achizungu ngakhale pamene zinthu zinali zovuta. Chipembedzo Chimasokoneza. Koma kwa iye ndi anzake ambiri, kusamvanako kunafika poipa kwambiri: โMnzake wina ananena kuti chisankho [cha 2016] chinali โmsomali womalizira wa ubale wanga ndi tchalitchi cha evangelical,โโ Walker-Barnes anafotokoza. โSindikudziwa ngati ndikusiyana kwambiri ndi malo olalikira, koma ndikubwerera mโmbuyo.โ
Ndithudi, mikangano ya mafuko si yachilendo. Izi zati, Marichi 2018 nkhani by New York Times mtolankhani Campbell Robertson adawonetsa momwe kugawanikana kwa mapiko akumanja kwazaka khumi zapitazi kwathetsa zoyesayesa zoyambitsa mipingo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Phunziro la Mpingo Wadziko Lonse la 2012 anasonyeza kuti magawo aลตiri pa atatu alionse a amene amapita ku matchalitchi ambiri a azungu anali kupembedza limodzi ndi โosachepera mipingo ina ya Akuda,โ kuwonjezereka kwa kugwirizana kwa matchalitchi kuyambira 1998.
Panthaลตi ya ulamuliro wadziko, alaliki ambiri amitundumitundu sanaonenso kuti mipingo yawo ikuwachirikiza mokwanira kapena kusonyeza makhalidwe awo.
Komabe, pambuyo pa chisankho cha 2016, pamene alaliki achizungu adathandizira Trump "ndi malire ochulukirapo kuposa momwe adavotera pulezidenti wina aliyense," mipingo inayamba kugawanika, kutembenuza zoyesayesa zakale. Polankhula za chidani chotseguka cha Trump kwa anthu amitundu ndi osamukira, Walker-Barnes adanena Robertson, โ[S]chinachake chalakwika kwambiri pakatikati pa tchalitchi choyera.โ
"Chilichonse chomwe tidayesera sichikuyenda," anawonjezera wolemba Michael Emerson. "Chisankho chokhacho chinali chochitika chimodzi chovulaza kwambiri pazochitika zonse zoyanjanitsa pazaka 30 zapitazi," adatero. "Zatsala pang'ono kusweka."
Pambuyo pake, kuphedwa kwa a George Floyd mu Meyi 2020 komanso ziwonetsero zatsopano za Black Lives Matter zidakulitsa mikangano. Panthaลตi ya ulamuliro wadziko, alaliki ambiri amitundumitundu sanaonenso kuti mipingo yawo ikuwachirikiza mokwanira kapena kusonyeza makhalidwe awo. Alaliki awiri otchuka akuda, m'busa waku Chicago Charlie Dates ndi Atlanta John Onwucheckwa onse adachoka ku SBC chifukwa cha nkhawa za tsankho mkati mwa bungwe. Kwa Madeti, "udzu womaliza" ndi pomwe apurezidenti onse asanu ndi limodzi a SBC adatulutsa mawu mu Novembala 2020 kuti. anakanidwa chiphunzitso cha mpikisano wovuta, akuitanira โzosagwirizana ndi Chikhulupiriro ndi Uthenga wa Baptistโ komanso โosati yankho la mโBaibulo.โ
Mu Disembala 2020 maganizo chidutswa chifukwa Chipembedzo News Service, Dates anafunsa kuti: โZinatheka bwanji kuti, amene mu 2020 alibe mtsogoleri mโmodzi wa chipembedzo cha Akuda, akane kotheratu chiphunzitso chimene chimathandiza kuthetsa mavuto enieni a mtundu umene timakumana nawo?โ Madeti amafuna โmasomphenya atsopano ndi muyezo watsopano,โ umene โsadzatsogozedwa mokwanira ndi azunguโ ndi umene โumalankhula chilungamo molimba mtima kwa boma ndi kusamalira mofatsa otsenderezedwa, oponderezedwa, oponderezedwa ndi akazi.โ Patangotha โโchaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene Dates adatuluka, mu February 2022, SBC osankhidwa M'busa wa Tennessee Baptist Willie McLaurin monga pulezidenti wokhalitsa ndi CEO wa Komiti Yaikulu ya SBC; McLaurin ndiye munthu woyamba komanso yekhayo Wakuda kutenga udindo wa Executive Committee.
Kumbali yake, Onwuchekwa adatchula zifukwa zinayi zomwe adasiyira SBC, kuphatikiza "kuwononga mbiri yosakumbukika" (SBC ikulephera kuthana ndi njira zomwe bungweli lidachitira nawo ukapolo), "kukonza mitundu" (chipembedzo sichinadzudzule tsankho) , "mgwirizano wopanda thanzi" (kugwirizana ndi chipani cha Republican), ndi "njira zosazama zomwe akuyenera kuvala zida zodzitchinjiriza" (kuganizira kwambiri mgwirizano m'malo mwa njira zothetsera kupanda chilungamo kwa mafuko). "SBC idandikonda," Onwuchekwa adalemba m'buku lake kalata yotsazikana ndi anthu, โkoma ndimaona ngati alephera anthu ngati ine. Ndilibwino kudzipereka kuti nditumikire anthu omwe amanyalanyazidwa komanso omwe alibe zida zambiri m'malo mongosangalala ndi zabwino zomwe amandiona ngati munthu wamba. โ
Wosakaniza endale zauvangeli
Ngakhale pali zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti mwayi watsopano wa ndale ukhoza kuwonekera m'malo olalikira omwe adagawanikana komanso kugawanika, palibe mgwirizano wofala wokhudza momwe izi zingatengere - komanso momwe angasinthire ndi zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo.
Ena otsutsa, pomwe mwina akugwera mumsasa wa "Never Trump", amakhalabe olimba mtima, akungofuna Republican yokhazikika, yachikhalidwe chabanja. Monga Rachel Stone, mlembi wa evangelical kwa moyo wonse komanso wakale wakale, analemba poyankha nkhani ya David Brooks, "Mr. Brooks omwe akuti 'otsutsa' amachoka ku Orthodoxy ya chievangeliko ndi osagwadira a Donald Trump; apo ayi, iwo ali alonda apakhomo a evangeli.โ Mwachitsanzo, Stone adanena kuti m'modzi mwa "Never Trumpers" wotchulidwa ndi Brooks, pulofesa wachikhristu Karen Swallow Prior, zogwiriziza malamulo oletsa kuchotsa mimba, pakati pa mfundo zina zaboma. Alaliki ena amafuna kuti matchalitchi awo asakhale pa ndale, koma osati kuti apite patsogolo kwambiri, n'cholinga choti akhazikitse mgwirizano umene ukuyesetsa kuthetsa mavuto amene alipo.
Mu June 2021, Michael Graham, yemwe amalankhula pafupipafupi ndi abusa a evangelical kuzungulira dzikolo, adapanga chithunzithunzi chofotokozera kusinthaku mkati mwa gulu la evangelical. Mu a nkhani mutu wakuti โThe Six Way Fracturing of Evangelicalism,โ Graham anagawa anthu mโmagulu okwana theka la magawo khumi ndi awiri. Iye akuwona magulu atatu (โPost-Evangelical,โ โOchotsedwa Mโtchalitchi, koma ndi Yesu enaโ ndi โOchotsedwa Mโtchalitchi ndi Otembenuzidwaโ) akudula maubale ndi chikhulupiriro. Pakati pa otsalirawo, iye akuwona magulu ena atatu: โAlaliki a Neo-fundamentalistโ (omwe ali ndi kawonedwe ka dziko kochirikiza kotheratu), โMainstream evangelicalsโ (omwe angasonyeze kudera nkhaลตa โchikoka chowononga cha Christian Nationalismโ koma ali โochuluka kwambiri. okhudzidwa ndi chikoka cha kumanzere kwadziko"), ndipo pomaliza "Neo-evangelicals" (omwe "akhudzidwa kwambiri" ndi kuvomereza Lipenga ndi kulephera kuchitapo kanthu pa nkhani za mtundu ndi kugonana mkati mwa gulu la evangelical). Mwa awa, ndi gulu lomaliza lokha lomwe likanayimiradi kuthekera kosintha ndale.
Komabe, Graham akuwona kusintha kwakukulu kukuchitika. Iye amakayikira ngati โulaliki waukulu wa mโmahemaโ udzapulumuka, poganizira za magawano owonekera kwambiri ngakhalenso โakuphaโ pakati pa okhulupirira mfundo ndi a neo-evangelical. Amakhulupirira kuti mipingo yatsopano idzatuluka - ndipo ikubwera kale - kuti ipereke zotsutsana kwa iwo omwe akugwa pakati pa magulu, kapena omwe akusankhabe komwe ali. Iye analemba kuti: โTidzaona kuchuluka kwa mipingo yokonda chilungamo,โ yomwe nโkutheka kuti ingakope anthu amene amakanidwa chifukwa cha ufulu wawo ndi kuchita chidwi ndi uthenga wabwino wa chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Zikhalidwe ndi zochitika za mbadwo wachinyamata zikuthandiziranso kusintha. Mark Labberton, Purezidenti wa Fuller Seminary, limati kuti mamembala ena achichepere a tchalitchi โamafuna kumanga midzi yaingโono, yaubwenzi, yowona, imene kaลตirikaลตiri ingakwane mโchipinda chochezeramo. Amawona chikhulupiriro kukhala cholumikizidwa mosalekeza ndi ntchito zapagulu ndi osauka ndi oponderezedwa. Pali chidwi chofuna kupeลตa mkwiyo wonse umene wawononga akulu ndi kungobwereranso mโBaibulo.โ
Momwemonso, monga Cylde Haberman inanena mu New York Times, โGulu lalingโono la Apulotesitanti olalikira likuchulukirachulukira a Black ndi Latino. Kupatula fuko, amafanana ndi achichepere ena aku America posagawana nawo udani wa akulu awo paukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kuchotsa mimba, kapena ufulu wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso osagwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. โ David Bailey, mlaliki wa anthu akuda ku Virginia amene tchalitchi chake ndi โchosiyana mitundu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthuโ adanena David Brooks amawona kuti "Akhristu omwe ali azaka chikwi ndi achichepere amakhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pazinthu ngati LGBTQ ndipo amangozolowera kusakanikirana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana."
Tim Keller, m'busa woyambitsa wa Redeemer Presbyterian Church ku New York City komanso woganiza bwino za chilaliki, akuwona ulaliki wachichepere ukukwera ndi ndale zomwe sizingadziwike mosavuta ngati kumanja kapena kumanzere. โMphamvu zazikulu za matchalitchi [a evangelical] ku South ndi East padziko lonse lapansi zayamba kufalikira mโmizinda ya kumpoto kwa America, kumene ulaliki watsopano wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ukukula mosalekeza,โ iye anati. analemba mu 2017 latsopano Yorker nkhani. โMโlingaliro langa, matchalitchi ameneลตa amakonda kukhala odzipereka kwambiri ku chilungamo chaufuko ndi kusamalira osauka kusiyana ndi mmene amachitira kaลตirikaลตiri mโchipembedzo cha azungu. Mwanjira imeneyi, iwo angatchedwe owolowa manja. Kumbali inayi, mipingo yazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyanayi imakhalabe yosamala kwambiri pankhani monga kugonana kunja kwa banja. Iwo amayangโana, mโmaso ambiri, monga chisakanizo chachilendo cha malingaliro aufulu ndi osunga mwambo, ngakhale kuti iwo eni amawona kugwirizana kolimba kwamkati pakati pa malingaliro ameneลตa.โ
Ku mrakuti jntchito
Kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chautundu wa azungu a Trump m'malo ambiri olalikira kwapangitsa alaliki ena akuda kuti achoke kapena kukapeza mipingo ya anthu akuda m'malo mokhala m'malo aazungu ambiri. Ena, komabe, akukhalabe okhazikika m'matchalitchi awo, kulimbikitsa njira yopita ku utumwi. Monga Deborah Jian Lee analemba chifukwa Chipembedzo Chimasokoneza, ena โakukonzanso dziko la evangelical monga gawo laumishonale mโmalo mwa malo odyetserako chakudya chauzimu, kupanga malo otetezeka a mafuko kapena kukhala okhazikika mโmagawo a evangelical kuti athane ndi tsankho kuchokera mkatimo.โ
Ra Mendoza, amene amagwira ntchito monga woyangโanira mapulogalamu a dziko lonse ku Mission Year, utumiki wa mโtauni umene unayambira mโmatauni, ndi mlaliki wa ku Mexico ndi Latinx amene wakhala akuyesetsa kukhazikitsa โmalo otetezeka a mafuko.โ Mendoza adanena Jian Lee kuti alaliki mโChaka cha Umishoni anayangโana kwa iye kuti โatchule zinthuโ koma kuti โmagulu ameneลตa sanamuitane kuti apange chinachake chimene chinakonzadi mavuto amene anatchula; anamvetsera kudzudzula kwake ndipo anaganiza kuti zimenezo zinali zokwanira.โ Ngakhale izi, Mendoza adakhalabe ku Mission Year, akuyembekeza kupanga zomwe adafotokoza kwa Lee ngati "malo atsopano omwe salimbikitsa kuyera komanso tsankho komanso zinthu zonse zomwe zidapangidwa mu DNA yathu kwazaka 20 zapitazi." Mendoza adapanga gulu la Facebook kuti lilimbikitse mipingo kuti "iteteze anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso omwe si a binary."
Poganizira kuti anthu amitundu ndi omwe akuchulukirachulukira kwambiri mkati mwa ulaliki, kulinganiza kwawo kuli ndi mphamvu zokhuza zikhulupiriro zandale za anthu.
Mu Disembala 2018 nkhani pakuti latsopano Yorker mutu wakuti โEvangelicals of Colour Fight Back Against the Religious Right,โ Eliza Griswold analemba za alaliki a Black omwe akuchitapo kanthu pofuna kutsimikizira chilungamo cha anthu mโmipingo yawo. Griswold mbiri Lisa Sharon Harper, wochirikiza ulaliki wotchuka. Harper ndi mtsogoleri wakale wa bungwe loona za chilungamo lachikhristu lotchedwa Sojourners komanso pulezidenti waposachedwa wa Freedom Road, gulu la alangizi lomwe limaphunzitsa atsogoleri azipembedzo kuchitapo kanthu. Pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa Michael Brown, Harper adakonza atsogoleri a evangelical ndi otsatira awo kuti atsutse nkhanza za apolisi ku Ferguson, Missouri. Adakonzanso ulendo wopita ku Brazil kuti akagwirizane ndi Purezidenti wakumanja a Jair Bolsanaro. โMwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa alaliki a azungu ndi akuda ndikuti timakhulupirira kuti kuponderezana kulipo,โ adatero Harper.
Kwa iye, David Brooks analemba a anthu otsutsa omwe akugwira ntchito mkati mwa mipingo yawo kuti achiritse magawano omwe amayamba chifukwa cha Trumpism. "Ambiri mwa otsutsawa ayika chilungamo pakati pa mitundu ndi kuyanjanitsa pakati pa zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika," adalemba motero. "[T] pano pali misonkhano yoyanjanitsa, maulendo opita ku Selma ndi Birmingham, Alabama, magulu ophunzirira akuwerenga Martin Luther King Jr. ndi Howard Thurman. Aevangelicals adagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mugulu lochotsa; Akhristu awa akuyesera kugwirizana ndi cholowa chimenecho.โ
Popanga bungwe m'madera omwe alibe tsankho, alaliki akuda amatsutsa kwambiri mgwirizano wa Trump wa ethno-nationalistic. Ndipo poganizira kuti anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi omwe akuchulukirachulukira kwambiri mkati mwa ulaliki, kulinganiza kwawo kuli ndi mphamvu zowongolera ndale za anthu ammudzi. (A Pew Kafukufuku wa 2015 Pew Anthu amene ananenedweratu kuti anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana adzakhala Akhristu ambiri pofika chaka cha 2042.) โUlaliki walandidwa ndi ufulu wachipembedzo,โ Harper. adanena ndi latsopano Yorker. "Tikuchokera m'manja mwa tchalitchi chomwe ndi chapoizoni kwambiri, tikumvetsetsa ndipo titha kupereka yankho." Yankho lake ndilakuti alaliki akuda amapereka njira ina yozikidwa mozama m'chikhulupiriro komanso "ansanje kwambiri chifukwa cha ulemu waumunthu wa anthu onse."
Chitsanzo chimodzi cha kulinganiza chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yautumwi yolunjika pa chilungamo cha mafuko ndi kuyanjanitsa chatulukira ku Phoenix, Arizona. Kumeneko, gulu lotchedwa Zotsatira Surge Network, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mpingo wa fuko kukonzanso kayendedwe wokhazikitsidwa ndi Tim Keller, wasintha modabwitsa kapangidwe ka gulu lake la utsogoleri m'zaka zaposachedwa kuti azitsogozedwa ndi amayi ndi anthu amitundu. Pankhani yoyambitsa chigawo chawo cha evangelical, chakhala chothandizira kulimbikitsa kuyankha kwa zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana pa kuphedwa kwa George Floyd ndikukonza anthu azipembedzo kuti achite nawo ziwonetsero za Black Lives Matter.
Nthawi ina, Surge adapeza anthu 3,000 ochokera m'matchalitchi 200 kuti alowe nawo ulendo kudutsa mโtauni ya Phoenix kupita ku Arizona Capitol, kumene atumiki anatsogolera pemphero lapoyera. Pamene khamulo linagwada, Melissa Hubert, dikoni wa pa Redemption Church Alhambra, anawerenga mayina a anthu amene anaphedwa ndi apolisi. Pakati pa zikwangwani zosonyeza zionetserozo, panali chikwangwani chimodzi Ahebri 13: 3: โPitirizani kukumbukira amene ali mโndende ngati kuti munali nawo limodzi mโndende, ndi amene akuzunzidwa ngati kuti inunso mukumva zowawa. Kupitilira kulimbikitsana ndi anthu, Surge amatsogolera pulogalamu yophunzitsa zachipembedzo yotchedwa "Neighbors Table," yomwe imalimbikitsa akhristu akumaloko kuti azikambitsirana zokhuza kusintha kwa chilungamo chaupandu, kusamukira kumayiko ena ndi Islamophobia pokambirana komanso kudya ndi anansi omwe akhudzidwa ndi izi.
Kodi tsogolo la ndale za ulaliki lidzakhala lotani? Izi zatsala kuti ziwoneke. Koma zomwe zikuchitika pano zapanga kamphindi kodzaza ndi kuthekera, momwe kulumikizana kosaneneka kwa ulaliki ndi ufulu waku Republican kukugwedezeka - makamaka m'mphepete - ndipo mwayi watsopano ukubwera. Ngakhale kuti alaliki achizungu angakhalebe okhulupirika osunga mwambo, mindandanda ya anthu amene poyamba anali pakati pa matchalitchi anzawo, koma amene kuyambira pamenepo atalikirana ndi kusalolera kwawo ndipo tsopano akufunafuna anthu atsopano ogwirizana ndi chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, akhoza kufika mamiliyoni ambiri.
Mamiliyoni amenewo ndi anthu amene palibe gulu lililonse lofuna kusintha dziko kuti likhale labwino lomwe lingawanyalanyaze.
Thandizo lofufuza loperekedwa ndi Celeste Pepitone-Nahas.
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