Gwero: Facing South
Kusankhananso kukuchulukirachulukira m'masukulu aku America. Ophunzira akuda ku South ali zochepa kuti apite kusukulu yaazungu ambiri masiku ano kuposa zaka 50 zapitazo, pamene ophunzira akuda ndi a Latino amapita kusukulu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda azungu komanso zotsika kusiyana ndi anzawo azungu.
Kusankhananso kukuchulukirachulukira m'masukulu aku America
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vutoli likhale losautsa ndi zoyesayesa zolekanitsa masukulu, momwe anthu ambiri azungu ndi olemera akuchoka m'madera ophatikizana a sukulu kuti akhazikitse awo, nthawi zambiri amavomereza kusamukako monga njira yopititsira patsogolo maphunziro a m'deralo. Kuyambira 2000, anthu opitilira 120 m'dziko lonselo ayesa kudzipatula m'masukulu awo, malinga ndi 2017. lipoti ndi EdBuild yopanda phindu ya maphunziro. Osachepera 47 anadzipatula, kutenga nawo mamiliyoni a madola a msonkho wa katundu. Zigawozi zidachitika m'maboma 13 kudutsa US, asanu ndi awiri mwa iwo kumwera.
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi uno ku Louisiana's East Baton Rouge Parish, mwachitsanzo, okhalamo adavotera kugawanika kuchokera ku likulu la Louisiana ku Baton Rouge kuti apange mzinda watsopano wa St. George. Izi zidachitika pambuyo poti anthu ambiri azungu komanso olemera adalephera kupanga chigawo chatsopano chasukulu. Ngakhale kuti anthu a ku East Baton Rouge Parish ndi 47 peresenti ya anthu akuda, St. George's adzakhala 12 peresenti ya anthu akuda.
Chifukwa cha chigamulo cha Khothi Lalikulu la US mu 1954 Brown v. Bungwe la Maphunziro kuthetsa tsankho m'masukulu aboma, East Baton Rouge Parish School System idakhala pansi pa lamulo lalitali kwambiri mdzikolo, lomwe lidapitilira mpaka 2003. Mzinda watsopanowu uyenerabe kupeza chilolezo chalamulo kuti upange chigawo chapadera chasukulu, chomwe ovota adzafunikira. kuvomereza m'maboma ndi m'deralo.
Otsutsa amawona mbali ya fuko pachigamulo chosiyana ndi mzinda ndi chigawo chachikulu cha sukulu. "Zowona, mtundu ndi gawo la equation iyi," anati Sharon Weston Broome, meya-pulezidenti wa Baton Rouge. "Titha kuyankhula mozungulira, koma ndizodziwikiratu - yang'anani chigawo chomwe chajambulidwa."
Zowonadi, zotsatira za tsankho za kupatukana kwa sukulu zalembedwa ndi kafukufuku wochulukirapo. Mwachitsanzo, a phunziro lofalitsidwa mwezi watha ku AERA Open, nyuzipepala yowunikiridwa ndi anzawo ya American Educational Research Association, idapeza kuti tsankho pakati pa zigawo za sukulu, mosiyana ndi zomwe zili mkati mwawo, zidapangitsa 70 peresenti ya tsankho la sukulu kwa ophunzira akuda ndi oyera mu 2015, kuyambira 60 peresenti mu 2000.
"Zomwe tapeza zikuwonetsa kuti pambuyo pakugawanika kwa zigawo, ophunzira akugawidwa m'masukulu osiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu," adatero. anati phunzirani wolemba wina Erica Frankenberg, pulofesa wa maphunziro ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ku Penn State University. โPoganizira za kuchepa kwa ophunzira omwe amadutsa m'maboma, zotsatira zake ndi zazikulu. Kulekanitsa kusukulu kukukulirakulira, zomwe zitha kukhalanso ndi nthawi yayitali pakuphatikizana kwa nyumba. โ
M'modzi mwa milandu yoopsa kwambiri ya kupatukana kwa sukulu, matauni asanu ndi limodzi akumidzi ku Shelby County, Tennessee, adagawanika kuchokera ku chigawo chatsopano cha Memphis mu 2014. za aphunzitsi. Nthawi yomweyo, matauni akumidzi adakumana ndi zovuta zandalama ndi zida zogwirira ntchito pomwe amakangana kuti apange machitidwe atsopano.
M'modzi mwa milandu yoopsa kwambiri ya kupatukana kwa sukulu, matauni asanu ndi limodzi akumidzi ku Shelby County, Tennessee, adagawanika kuchokera ku chigawo chatsopano cha Memphis mu 2014. za aphunzitsi
Mwa maiko 30 omwe ali ndi mfundo zololeza kugawikana kwa masukulu, khumi ali kumwera. Kupatulapo, Tennessee, ndi Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas, ndi Virginia. Tennessee ili ndi limodzi mwamalamulo ololedwa odzipatula, malinga ndi lipoti la 10 EdBuild. Zimalola ma municipalities omwe ali ndi ophunzira osachepera 2017 kuti adzipatula popanda chilolezo cha chigawo chomwe amasiya, komanso osaganizira zamtundu kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu. Pafupifupi theka la ophunzira m'maboma atsopano asukulu pafupi ndi Memphis ndi oyera, poyerekeza ndi 1,500 peresenti yokha pamlingo wachigawo.
Sikuti zoyesayesa zonse zolekanitsa sukulu zapambana, komabe. Mwachitsanzo, chaka chatha khoti lamilandu lochita apilo analamulira kuti Gardendale, Alabama, chigawo cha Birmingham, sichingapange masukulu akeake. Zinagwirizana ndi zomwe khoti laling'ono linapeza kuti panali zifukwa zaufuko poyesa kupatukana ndi dongosolo la Jefferson County. Gardendale ndi 88 peresenti yoyera, koma masukulu ake tsopano ndi 25 peresenti yakuda chifukwa ophunzira amachokera ku North Smithfield, dera lakuda lomwe lili pamtunda wa makilomita ochepa.
Kulola kupatukana kwa sukulu kukukambidwa ku North Carolina. Mu 2017, nyumba yamalamulo yotsogozedwa ndi Republican idapanga komiti yophunzira kuti iganizire zophwanya zigawo zasukulu kuphatikiza a Wake County ndi a Charlotte-Mecklenburg, awiri akulu kwambiri m'boma. Wake County anali mtsogoleri pa kuphatikiza sukulu; mu 1976, chigawo chodziwika kwambiri cha azungu komanso machitidwe ambiri asukulu a mumzinda wa Raleigh akuda adaphatikizidwa kuti akwaniritse mgwirizano ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amatsutsidwa. Chigawo chophatikizidwacho chinagwira ntchito yolinganiza masukulu mwa kusankhana mitundu komanso mwachuma kudzera m'masukulu ophatikiza mabasi ndi maginito. Koma mu 2009, gulu latsopano la masukulu a Republican linathetsa zoyesayesa za chigawocho. Ngakhale a Democrat adayambiranso kuwongolera board mu 2011, chigawochi chikuvutikirabe kupeza njira zolimbikitsira masukulu awo. Kudzipatula kukanangokulitsa mkhalidwewo.
"Zikuvuta kwambiri kusunga masukulu ophatikizana, ndipo m'malo mwake masukulu athu akugawikananso ndipo tikuwona izi," anati Wake County School Superintendent Cathy Moore.
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