May 8 ndi chaka chachitatu cha kumangidwa kwa Jose Padilla. Padilla anamangidwa ku Chicago's O’ Hare Airport mu 2002 ndi maofesala a Federal pansi pa umboni wosasunthika wa "umboni wowona" ndipo adatsekeredwa kundende. Pofuna kuwononga maganizo a anthu, Loya Woimira Boma, John Ashcroft, analengeza pa TV ya dziko lonse kuti Padilla akukonzekera kuphulitsa “bomba lonyansa†(chipangizo chotulutsa wailesi) mkati mwa United Sates. Mpaka pano, boma silinaperekepo umboni uliwonse wotsimikizira zonena zawo zabodza. Mwachidziwikire, Padilla akhoza kukhala wopanda cholakwa. Jose Padilla akuyimira kupambana kopambana pankhondo yolimbana ndi uchigawenga. Pamene zinthu zikuipiraipira ku Haiti ndi ku Afghanistan, ndipo magawano 8 aku America akupitilirabe kugwa mu matope aku Iraq; Chinthu chimodzi chomwe akuluakulu aboma angachite chomwe sichingachitike ndi imfa yomwe wapereka ku Bill of Rights. Padilla tsopano akuyang'anizana ndi chaka chake cha 4 cha ukapolo popanda mlandu uliwonse womutsutsa komanso popanda chiyembekezo chilichonse chodziteteza ku khoti.
Boma likuteteza kumangidwa kwa Padilla pazifukwa zoti ndi “mdani wa adaniâ€. Mawu oti “womenyana ndi adani†amatanthauza “omuganiziridwa kuti ndi wolakwaâ€â€ ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwa nzika za US kapena nzika zakunja kumalola boma kugwira ntchito kunja kwa malamulo apadziko lonse a ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu ndi Bilu la Ufulu. Mwachidule, ndiko kutha kwa ulamuliro wa malamulo ku America ndi kukana mwambo walamulo womwe unayambira zaka 800. Mwachiwonekere, mawuwa adachokera ku tanki yoganiza bwino ngati njira yothanirana ndi omwe angakhale adani a boma kwinaku akunyalanyaza malamulo. M'malo mwake, ilibe tanthauzo lalamulo, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumaganiza kuti pulezidenti ali ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga momwe angafunire; pogwiritsa ntchito “mphamvu zonse zofunika ndi zoyenera motsutsana ndi mayiko, mabungwe, kapena anthu amene akuwaganizira kuti anakonza, ololedwa, ochita, kapena kuthandiza zigawengaâ€â€¦kapena, pofuna “kuteteza zigawenga zapadziko lonse. (Congress; Joint Resolution Sept 18, 2001) Boma la Bush likukhulupirira kuti izi zimapatsa purezidenti mphamvu zolanda nzika za ufulu wawo walamulo ndikuwatsekera popanda kuwaimba mlandu. Mpaka pano, makhoti alephera kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosokoneza kumeneku. Pomwe mlandu wa Padilla udawonekera ku Khothi Lachigawo la US, Woweruza Henry Floyd adatsutsa zomwe aboma akuteteza "mdani wa adani" nati, "Ngati lamulo lomwe lili pano lipezeka ndi Purezidenti kuti ndi. osakwanira kuteteza dziko lino ku zigawenga, monga zomwe zikunenedwa pano, ndiye kuti pulezidenti ayenera kugonjetsa a Congress kuti athetse vutoli. , koma “kuteteza, kuteteza ndi kuteteza Malamulo Oyendetsera dziko la United Statesâ€.
Wolemba moniker "womenyera adani" amabweretsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri lalamulo lomwe dziko lidakumana nalopo. Zimasokoneza mfundo ya “ufulu wosakanizidwa†polola pulezidenti kusankha ndi kusankha yemwe ali ndi ufulu wokhala nzika. Chofunika kwambiri, chikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe akuwakayikira alibe ufulu wotsutsa zomwe ali m'ndende pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamalamulo. Oulutsa nkhani mopanda phokoso amatchula vuto la adaniwo kuti “limbo lalamulo. Si limbo; ndiko kupondereza.
Mu Justice John Paul Stevens akutsutsa kutsutsa (kwa Khothi Lalikulu-kukana kumvetsera mlandu wa Padilla) Stevens akufotokoza mphamvu yokoka ya Padilla vs. Rumsfeld. Ananenanso kuti mlandu wa Padilla umabweretsa "chiwopsezo chapadera komanso chomwe sichinachitikepo paufulu wa nzika iliyonse yaku America". mbendera, siyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida za olamulira ankhanza ngakhale kukana kuukiridwa ndi mphamvu zankhanza.â€
Stevens sakukokomeza; Chiwopsezo chomwe chimabwera chifukwa choyika ufulu wathu m'manja mwa Purezidenti ndi chosawerengeka. Kukana kwa Khothi Lalikulu kumvetsera mlandu wa Padilla kukuwonetsa kuthandizira kwake mwakachetechete mphamvu zopanda malire za purezidenti komanso kusafuna kuthana ndi ngati Padilla ali ndi ufulu wotetezedwa malinga ndi Constitution. Kukana kwawo kumatsutsa Padilla kuti akhale m'ndende kosatha ndikuwonetsa dziko lapansi kuti sangathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ntchito yawo.
Khoti Lalikulu Kwambiri lilibe tanthauzo ngati likukana mouma khosi kufotokoza ngakhale mfundo zofunika kwambiri zokhudza chitetezo ndi ufulu wa munthu. (Khoti silingagamule ngakhale pempho la Padilla's habeas corpus, ndiye kuti, kaya atsekeredwa m'ndende popanda kuimbidwa mlandu)
M'nkhani yake yabwino kwambiri "The Supreme Court and Enemy Combaters", a Marc Norton akufotokoza maganizo otsutsa olembedwa ndi Oweruza Rehnquist, Kennedy ndi O’ Connor. (ophatikizidwa ndi Breyer) Norton akuti, “Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe gulu la anthu anayi lidapeza ndikutsata lingaliro la adani, nzika ndi omwe si nzika. "Palibe choletsa kuti dziko lino ligwire m'modzi mwa nzika zake ngati mdani wa adani," adatero molimba mtima.
Palibe chotchinga chogwira nzika ngati mdani wankhondo? Kodi Bill of Rights ndi chiyani ngati sichiletsa mphamvu za boma? Zomwe khoti lapeza ndi umboni woonekeratu wa kulanda mphamvu kwa Bush komanso kulakwa kwa khoti.
Owerenga akuyenera kuganizira mozama mawu a Norton's ndikudziweruza okha ngati akugwirizana ndi kutanthauzira koyenera kwa Bill of Rights. Ngati ambiri a Khoti akufuna kuphwanya ufulu wa nzika zake ndikupereka mphamvu zonse kwa akuluakulu, ntchito yomwe ili patsogolo pathu ndi kuchotsa oweruza olakwa pa khoti.
Pamene Justice O’ Connor anapereka mawu ake ochititsa mantha kuti, “Mkhalidwe wankhondo si cheke chopanda kanthu kwa Purezidentiâ€; inamenyedwa patsamba loyamba la nyuzipepala iliyonse m’dziko lonselo. Tsoka ilo, palibe mawu a chowonadi mu zomwe O’ Connor's ananena. Khothi Lalikulu linakonza njira yoti Bush anyalanyaze mwachidule ufulu wa nzika malinga ndi nzeru zake. Povomereza (mwachidziwitso) chizindikiro cha mdani, khotilo linachotsa zitsimikizo za kuzenga mlandu mwachangu, ufulu wotsutsana ndi omwe akutsutsa, ufulu wopereka mboni zodzitetezera, ufulu wa loya, ufulu wotsutsa. malamulo omangidwa, ndi ufulu woweruza mosakondera wa anzawo. Zitetezero zonsezi zikuyikidwa mu Bill of Rights pa chifukwa chimodzi chokha; kukhazikitsa njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti boma lisatheke kuchita zomwe Bush adachita kwa Padilla. Malamulowa (m’Buku la Ufulu wa Anthu) akufotokozedwa momveka bwino, momveka bwino kotero kuti boma silingathe kulanda nzika ufulu wawo popanda zifukwa zomveka komanso umboni weniweni… “kapena kulandidwa moyo, ufulu kapena katundu popanda kutsatira malamulo. †(chisinthidwa cha 5)
“…popanda ndondomeko ya lamulo!â€
Padilla ndi wosalakwa; wovutitsidwa mwachisawawa wa boma-demagoguery ndi chipwirikiti cha anthu. Ngakhale zonenazo zikadakhala zoona, sizikanapanga kusiyana pang'ono. Zomwe adatsekeredwa m'ndende sizinali zomveka ndipo ayenera kumasulidwa mosazengereza. Kutsekeredwa kwake kosalekeza (m’chipinda chopanda mawindo cha 5’ by 7’ ku Norfolk, VA.) ndi kunyoza dziko lomwe limadzinenera kuti likudzipereka ku ufulu wachibadwidwe, ufulu wa anthu komanso malamulo.
Oyang'anira Bush alibe chidwi ndi a Jose Padilla, wachigawenga wopanda vuto yemwe adagwidwa mu 9-11, anti-terrornet. Ndichitsanzo chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri; kulolera kuponya nzika kundende pakufuna kwa pulezidenti komanso kuchotsa adani popanda kutsatira lamulo.
Njira yopita ku nkhanza imakonzedwa ndi chilankhulo chankhanza. Kulowerera kwa “mdani wa adani†muulamuliro wathu kumachotsa malingaliro otetezedwa ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko komanso ufulu wosalandirika. Jose Padilla ndi wosewera wocheperako pachiwembu chokulirapo. Timayamikira lamulo chifukwa limateteza ochepa kwambiri pakati pathu poika khoma pakati pathu ndi mkono wautali wa boma. Zochita za Bush zachotsa khomalo ndikuyika aliyense wa ife m'manja mwa boma lamphamvu zonse.
Kwaulere Jose Padilla!
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama