Boma la Biden litalengeza kuti likufuna kufutukula khoma lakumwera, komanso kuyamba kuthamangitsa anthu aku Venezuela omwe amalowa mdziko muno mosaloledwa, atolankhani aku America sanachedwe kuzindikira chodabwitsa chomwe Purezidenti Biden amamanga khoma lomwe woyimira pulezidenti a Biden adanenapo kuti " si njira yothetsera ndondomekoyi. " Komabe mwanjira ina chodabwitsa chotumiza anthu aku Venezuela kubwerera kudziko lomwe boma lathu likuyesetsa kuwononga chuma chake zikuwoneka kuti zawathawa.
Sikuti zipinda zofalitsa nkhani zikadayenera kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali kuti zivumbulutse kutsutsana kwa mfundozo. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la DRM Research Service (CRS) lasintha lipoti lake pamutuwu pa Ogasiti 8 wapitawu, ponena kuti "zilango za US zidapangitsa kuti chuma cha Venezuela chiyipike ndikulepheretsa kupereka thandizo," ndikutumiza owerenga ku General Accounting Office ( GAO) February 2021 mawu akuti "chuma [cha ku Venezuela] chatsika kuchoka pa 6.2 peresenti pakukula kwa zinthu zapakhomo mu 2015 kufika pa 35 peresenti mu 2019 ndi 25 peresenti mu 2020. Zilango, makamaka pa kampani ya mafuta ya boma mu 2019, mwina zinathandizira ku kutsika kwakukulu kwachuma cha Venezuela, makamaka mwa kuchepetsa ndalama zochokera ku mafuta opangira mafuta.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndondomeko ya zilango za boma lathu inali kukwaniritsa cholinga chake chopangitsa kuti moyo wa anthu aku Venezuela ukhale wovuta kwambiri, umboni wowoneka bwino womwe ndi wakuti 500,000 tsopano apanga ulendo wa makilomita 3,000 kuti akapeze chitetezo m'dzikolo ndikuyika zilango - ambiri a iwo. Iwo akuyenda mumsewu woopsa wa nkhalango ya Dariรฉn Gap kuchokera ku South kupita ku Central America. Ambiri mwakuti tsopano pali othawa kwawo ambiri ochokera ku Venezuela omwe akuwoloka malire a Mexico kuposa ochokera kudziko lina lililonse kupatula Mexico yokha.
Nanga bwanji kuti atolankhani amaphonya kulumikizana uku? Chabwino, ndondomeko ya zilango tsopano ili mu ulamuliro wake wachinayi wa pulezidenti - ndi Congress nawonso mkati mwake, kotero kuti patatha zaka 17 sizingachitike kwa ambiri mu likulu la dzikolo kuti pangakhale nkhani iliyonse yokhudza zilango za zachuma za US zomwe zinaperekedwa ku Venezuela. Koma pepala la CRS lidasanthula mbiri ya omwe akufuna, kuyambira pomwe Hugo Chavez anali purezidenti wadzikolo: "zilango zoyambilira ... zokhudzana ndi kusowa kwa mgwirizano kwa Venezuela pa ntchito zolimbana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi uchigawenga," kutsatiridwa ndi "Obama Administration ... kuphwanya ufulu wachibadwidwe, katangale, ndi zochita zotsutsana ndi demokalase" komanso "Ulamuliro wa Trump ... Ndipo lero a Biden apitiliza ndondomekoyi, ngakhale atamasulidwa, ngakhale boma lina la Guaidรณ - lomwe silinatengepo mphamvu - tsopano latha. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndi zakale zomwezo ku Washington - kotero, palibe chomwe mungalankhule kumeneko.
Ndipo zilango zimenezi ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kwa zaka zambiri, Washington yaletsa kugulitsa zida zamalonda ndikutumizanso ku Venezuela; analetsa katundu wa anthu osiyanasiyana; adaletsa boma la Venezuela mwayi wopeza misika yazachuma yaku US kuphatikiza kampani yamphamvu ya boma (PdVSA); Zoletsedwa zokhudza kuperekedwa kwa ndalama za digito ku Venezuela, komanso zochitika zokhudzana ndi kugula ngongole yaku Venezuela ndi ngongole iliyonse yomwe Venezuela idalonjeza ngati chikole; adaletsa katundu ndi zokonda zonse za PdVSA zomwe zili pansi pa ulamuliro wa US; kuletsa makampani aku US ndi anthu pawokha kuchita nawo malonda ndi kampani; ndikuwonjezera zilango zachuma ndi zoletsa za visa kwa anthu akunja ndi makampani amphamvu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi PdVSA. (European Union yakhazikitsanso zilango m'madera ena.)
Chotsatira? Ngakhale kuti n'kosatheka kudziwa mlingo weniweni umene boma la zilango likuchita, bungwe la GAO linanena kuti kukwera kwa mitengo "nthawi zambiri kumawirikiza kawiri chaka chilichonse. Mu 2010, inflation inali 28.2 peresenti; pofika 2017, anali atafika pa 438 peresenti. Uku kunali kuwonjezereka kwa mwezi uliwonse kwa mtengo wa katundu ndi ntchito za 36.5 peresenti. Mu 2018, Venezuela idakumana ndi hyperinflation, yomwe idakwera 65,374 peresenti. Pofika 2020, mitengo ya inflation idatsika, koma idakwera kwambiri pa 6,500 peresenti.
Komanso mu 2021, UN idatumiza "mtolankhani wapadera" kuti akafufuze momwe zinthu ziliri. Lipoti lotsatira "lokhudza zoyipa za njira zokakamiza zaumodzi pakusangalala ndi ufulu wa anthu" - lomwe silinatchule chidwi kwambiri ndi media wamba zaku America - lidapeza zotsatirazi:
Kuchepa kwa chuma ndi kusafuna kwa mabwenzi akunja, mabanki ndi makampani operekera zinthu kuti athane ndi abwenzi aku Venezuela, makamaka chifukwa cha zilango za US, zapangitsa kuti pasakhale zotheka kugula zida zofunikira zaukadaulo ndi zopangira kukonza ndi kukonza magetsi, gasi, madzi, zoyendera, telefoni ndi njira zoyankhulirana, komanso masukulu, zipatala ndi mabungwe ena a boma, kusokoneza chisangalalo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wofunikira kwambiri wa moyo, chakudya, madzi, thanzi, nyumba ndi maphunziro.
Ponena za thanzi la anthu, "Njira yaulere komanso yapadziko lonse lapansi yokhazikitsidwa ndi 'Bolivarian Revolution,' yomwe idasokonekera kwambiri ndi vuto la mafuta, yatsika kwambiri kuyambira 2017 pakati pazachuma ndi zachuma ... Venezuela imadalira kwambiri mayiko akunja. mankhwala ndi mankhwala ... Zilango zalepheretsa kugula zinthu monga albumin yaumunthu, immunoglobulin ndi mankhwala ena a magazi ... Pankhani ya madzi akumwa, โNduna yoona za madzi idafotokoza kuti 50% yokha ya magawo ogawira makinawa ndi yomwe ikuyenda chifukwa cholephera kugula zida zosiyanitsira komanso kukonzaโฆ. % ya makina ogawa madzi amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo waku US ndi 52% zida za Germany ndi Swiss ... sizingatheke kuitana akatswiri oyenerera kuti azikonza ... akukakamizika kuchepetsa ndi 29% mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa madzi ... kampani yaku China yotsala (Sino-hydro Corp.) ikunyamuka chifukwa malipiro sakanatha kuperekedwa chifukwa choletsedwa." Pankhani ya malonda ofunikira akunja, "mayendedwe apanyanja atsika ndi 30% chifukwa makampani oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi ochita malonda ndi dzikolo aloledwa, ndipo zombo za ku Venezuela sizitha kupeza zida zotsalira zofunika kuzisamalira ndikuyenda."
Ponseponse, "Mabungwe omwe si aboma akuyerekeza kuti umphawi udakula kwambiri pakati pa 2014 ndi 2020, kufikira 94% ya anthu, pomwe 67% adalowa muumphawi wadzaoneni ndipo 64% umphawi wamitundumitundu." Ndipo, lipotilo linawonjezera kuti, "Kumapeto kwa 2015, UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) inati anthu 695,000 a ku Venezuela adachoka m'dzikoli. Mogwirizana ndi zomwe Boma lapereka komanso akuluakulu olowa ndi olowa m'mayiko omwe alandirako komanso mabungwe omwe si aboma (mabungwe omwe si aboma), ziwerengero za anthu osamukira kumayiko ena zasiyana kuchokera pa 1.2 mpaka 5.6 miliyoni pofika Meyi 2021."
Lipotilo likupitiriza kukayikira kuvomerezeka kwa ulamuliro wa chilango pansi pa malamulo apadziko lonse:
Mtolankhani Wapadera amawona kuti mkhalidwe wadzidzidzi womwe udalengezedwa ndi Boma la US pa 8 Marichi 2015 ngati maziko operekera zilango ku Venezuela, ndikuwonjezera mobwerezabwereza mpaka pano, zikusemphana ndi zomwe ndime 4 ya Pangano Lapadziko Lonse la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ndi Ndale ( ICCPR). Sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa chiwopsezo cha moyo wa fuko, kuletsa njira zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika, nthawi yawo yochepa, kusakhalapo kwa tsankho, kuletsa kuchotsera ufulu wamoyo ndi kuletsa chilango cha ntchito zomwe sizikupanga mlandu.
Mwanjira ina, ngakhale mfundo zaku America mwina zidathandizira kuti dziko la Venezuela likhazikike mwadzidzidzi, palibe chomwe Venezuela yachita chomwe chathandizira kuti pakhale ngozi ku US.
Mwachidule, lipotilo โlikuyamikira kuti zilango zimenezi, zomwe makamaka zinaperekedwa mโdzina la ufulu wachibadwidwe, demokalase ndi ulamuliro wa malamulo, zichotsedwe chifukwa zikuwononga mfundo zomwezi, mfundo ndi makhalidwe abwino.โ
Ngakhale Boma la Biden silinayambitsa kuwonongeka konse kwa mfundo zaku America zomwe zadzetsa anthu aku Venezuela, lasankha kutenga udindo wotumiza anthu aku Venezuela kuti akakhale ndi zowonongeka. Kodi izi ndizoyenera kuuza anthu aku America? Mpaka pomwe media media aku America amapita, mwachiwonekere ayi.
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