Hugo Chavez adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuposa za mtsogoleri wina aliyense m'mbiri yaposachedwa ya Latin America, akuwonetsa masomphenya a dziko lozikidwa pa ubale pakati pa mayiko ndi anthu. Kukwera kwake kutchuka kwambiri kunayamba pa Msonkhano wachitatu wa America mu Epulo 2001 ku Quebec, Canada pomwe George W. Bush wongokhazikitsidwa kumene adayesa kudutsa Free Trade Area ya America yomwe idayenera kufalikira kuchokera ku Arctic Circle kupita ku Tierra del. Fuego ku South America.
Kumeneko ndi kumene ndinaona koyamba Chavez yemwe khalidwe lake lachikondi ndi lachikoka linali losiyana kwambiri ndi khalidwe lodzikuza komanso lodzikuza la Bush. Mwa atsogoleri a mayiko makumi atatu ndi anayi omwe analipo, Chavez yekha ndiye adakana kuvomereza zomwe adalengeza pamsonkhanowo zoyitanitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo ochitira malonda aulere pofika chaka cha 2005. Malingaliro a Chavez adagwirizana ndi a ziwonetsero zopitilira 50,000 ku Ottawa omwe amatsutsa zomwe zidachitikazi. za mapangano a malonda aulere ndi mfundo zachuma zomwe zidawatsekereza, neoliberalism.
Posakhutira kungotsutsa mfundo zamalonda zaufulu za US ndi neoliberalism, Chavez pamsonkhano wa mayiko aku Caribbean kumapeto kwa chaka adapempha "kuphatikizana kwachuma, chikhalidwe, ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu aku Latin America ndi Caribbean." Kenako mu 2004 Venezuela ndi Cuba zinakhazikitsa ALBA, Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our Americas kulimbikitsa 'malonda achilungamo' osati malonda aulere. Bolivia idalowa nawo mu 2006 ndipo kenako Nicaragua, Ecuador ndi mayiko asanu aku Caribbean. Cholinga cha ALBA ndi pafupifupi chotsutsana ndi mapangano a malonda aulere, m'malo mwake kulimbikitsa malonda pa mfundo ya mgwirizano m'malo mopikisana- kukhala ndi boma m'malo mwa njira ya neoliberal yogwirizanitsa. Kusinthana kwa azachipatala aku Cuba ndi mafuta aku Venezuela ndi chitsanzo chimodzi choyambirira cha mgwirizano womwe wagwirizana pansi pa ALBA. Cuba ndi Venezuela agwirizananso pansi pa ALBA popereka maphunziro ophunzirira kulemba ndi kuwerenga kwa anthu a mayiko ena omwe ali mamembala a ALBA, monga Bolivia. Lingaliro lofunika kwambiri ndilo kugulitsa ndi kusinthanitsa chuma m'madera omwe dziko lirilonse liri ndi mphamvu zowonjezera ndikuchita izi chifukwa cha chilungamo, osati mitengo yotsimikiziridwa ndi msika.
Masiku ano, ALBA ndiwochita bwino kwambiri pazachuma ku Caribbean. Kupyolera mu ALBA, mayiko omwe ali mamembala apanga zomwe zimatchedwa empresas grannacionales ('supranational enterprises') yopanga mankhwala ndi chakudya. Mosiyana ndi ntchito zamabizinesi apadziko lonse, mabizinesiwa amakhazikika pakuthandiza anthu, m'malo mongopanga phindu. Telesur ndi kampani yamafuta yapadera Petrocaribe ndi zitsanzo zama projekiti apamwamba. ALBA ilinso ndi banki - yomwe ili ndi ndalama zoyambira 1 peresenti ya nkhokwe za mayiko omwe ali membala - zomwe zimapereka ngongole zachiwongola dzanja chochepa pa chitukuko chaulimi ndi mafakitale m'maiko omwe ali membala.
ALBA yakhalanso yamphamvu kwambiri mu ndale za hemispheric. Pamene atsogoleri a hemispheric anakumananso mu 2005 pa Msonkhano wachinayi wa America ku Mar del Plata, Argentina ndi George W. Bush kachiwiri, mayiko a ALBA pamodzi ndi Purezidenti Nestor Kirchner waku Argentina ndi Luiz Inacio. Lula da Silva waku Brazil, adapha zomwe US โโโโikuyembekeza kukhazikitsa Free Trade Area ku America.
Kumapeto kwa maloto a Chavez a kontinenti yopanda maphunziro aku US kudabwera mu Disembala, 2011 pamsonkhano wodziwika bwino ku Caracas, Venezuela, Kumeneko mayiko onse a hemispheric, kupatula United States ndi Canada, adagwirizana kukhazikitsa CELAC, Community of Latin America ndi Caribbean States, vuto lachindunji ku bungwe lolimbikitsidwa la US la United States, lomwe lakhala likulamulira zochitika za hemispheric kwa zaka zambiri. CELAC ikuwona kuti pamapeto pake padzakhala mgwirizano wa ndale ndi zachuma m'derali, ndipo idatenga ndondomeko yowonjezereka komanso yowonjezereka yomwe inakhazikitsa zolinga zokhazikitsa mitengo yamalonda, kugwirizanitsa ntchito zamagetsi ndi zachilengedwe, ndikuthetsa kusaphunzira m'dziko lililonse m'zaka zitatu.
Mwina cholowa chachikulu cha Chavez padziko lonse lapansi ndi kutsitsimuka kwa sosholizimu. Iye kuposa munthu wina aliyense akuzindikiridwa ndi lingaliro la 'soshalizimu ya m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi chimodzi.' Pa January 30, 2005, adalankhula pamsonkhano wachisanu wa World Social Forum ku Porto Alegre. Ndinali pakati pa khamu la anthu 15,000 pa bwalo la masewera la Gigantinho, monga momwe Chavez analengeza kuti: โNkosatheka mkati mwa dongosolo la chikapitalist kuthetsa mavuto aakulu aumphaลตi a anthu ambiri padziko lapansi. Tiyenera kudutsa capitalism. Koma sitingathe kutembenukira ku capitalism ya boma, yomwe ingakhale kupotoza komweko monga Soviet Union. Tiyenera kubwezeretsanso Socialism monga chiphunzitso, polojekiti, ndi njira ... mtundu watsopano wa socialism, waumunthu, womwe umayika anthu osati makina kapena boma patsogolo pa chirichonse.'
Kuyitana kwa Chรกvez kuti amange sosholizimu yatsopano m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi chimodzi kunali kusintha kwakukulu m'mbiri yopita patsogolo. Isanafike nthawi imeneyo, ngakhale zigawo za kumanzere zinkakhulupirira kuti kugwa kwa Soviet Union kunalengeza za imfa ya sosholizimu. Komabe apa panali pulezidenti wofunitsitsa kunenanso mawu oti 'socialism,' ndikuyiyikanso pagulu la anthu. Ndiponso, awa sanali chabe mawu ndi zokhumba za munthu mmodzi; Chavez adatenga chidwi chotsutsana ndi chikapitalisti cha gulu lodziwika bwino la demokalase lomwe limatsutsa mwachindunji uliberalism ndi ulamuliro wa US mderali. Usosholizimu ukhoza kupezedwa ndi 'demokalase,' anaumiriza Chรกvez, 'koma osati mtundu wa demokalase woperekedwa ku Washington.'
M'zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazi, Chavez ndi dziko la Venezuela apita kutali kukakhazikitsa sosholizimu m'dziko lawo. Chakumapeto kwa 2005 Chรกvez adayamba kuyitanitsa nzika kuti zipange makhonsolo ammudzi. Lamulo la Makhonsolo a Mabungwewa linalongosola makhonsolowa monga 'zitsanzo zotengapo mbali, kufotokoza, ndi kugwirizanitsa pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana a anthu, magulu a anthu ndi nzika, zomwe zimalola anthu omwe ali ndi bungwe kuti azichita mwachindunji kayendetsedwe ka ndondomeko ndi ntchito za boma.' Mpaka pano makhonsolo opitilira 40,000 apangidwa. Ma cooperatives nawonso ndi njira yayikulu yopangira socialism kuchokera pansi. Mafakitole ambiri tsopano akuyendetsedwa ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito, makamaka m'mafakitale azitsulo, aluminiyamu ndi bauxite. Malo ogawa chakudya amayendetsedwanso ndi ogwira ntchito. Njira yopita ku socialism, komabe, ili ndi zovuta zambiri, chifukwa kuchepa kwachuma komanso kukwera kwamitengo kwasokoneza chuma. Ngakhale Chavez adavomereza m'masiku ake omaliza kuti dziko la Venezuela silinapindule konse ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Ngakhale ali ndi mavutowa, komanso mosiyana ndi maganizo a otsutsa omwe amatsutsa 'ulamuliro wake waulamuliro', Hugo Chavez wasiya nyumba ya ndale, chikhalidwe ndi zachuma yomwe imatha kupititsa patsogolo kusintha. Wolowa m'malo mwake, Nicolas Maduro, ndi mtsogoleri wodalirika wabungwe lazantchito yemwe adagwirapo ntchito ngati nduna yakunja mpaka kukhala wachiwiri kwa purezidenti. Adzadabwitsa anthu, monga momwe Chavez adachitira, ndi kuthekera kwake kutsogolera Venezuela komanso kulimbana ndi demokalase ya demokalase komanso dziko labwino.
Roger Burbach ndi wolemba mnzake ndi Michael Fox ndi Federico Fuentes wa Latin America's Turbulent Transitions: The Future of Twenty-First-Century Socialism, yotulutsidwa kumene ndi Zed Books. Mutu 4 ndi 'Venezuela's Twenty-First Century Socialism'. Kuti mugulitse bukhuli, onani tsamba la webusayiti: www.futuresocialism.org
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