Zinali zosavuta kuphonya nkhani zolandiridwa kuchokera ku International Court of Justice (ICJ) Lachisanu pakati pa funde lalikulu la kukhumudwa zomwe zinasesa Apalestine ndi ambiri a dziko openyerera pamene oweruza ake analephera kulamula kuti kuimitsidwa mwamsanga Israels kuphedwa ku Gaza.
Oweruza a Khothi Ladziko Lonse anaganiza, ochuluka kwambiri, kuti South Africa anali atapanga mlandu womveka kuti Israeli ikuchita kupha anthu a Palestine aku Gaza.
Pochita izi, mamembala ambiri a gulu lamphamvu 17 adanyoza, ndikuchititsa manyazi maboma amayiko awo - makamaka Purezidenti wa khothi, Joan Donoghue waku United States.
Ulamuliro wa Purezidenti wa US a Joe Biden anali wotchedwa Mlandu waku South Africa "wopanda phindu, wopanda phindu komanso wopanda maziko aliwonse".
Mwachizindikiro cha momwe Israeli amadzipatula - ndi US - zili pazalamulo, zotsutsana zake zidangokondedwa ndi womuyika yekha, Aroni Baraki, ndi oweruza a Uganda. Ngakhale Baraki adavomereza kuti zina mwazinthu zomwe zidachitika pakanthawi kolimbana ndi Israeli zinali zofunika kuteteza anthu wamba.
ICJ idalamula kuti Israeli amvere Msonkhano wa Genocide, kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga pofuna kupewa kupha ndi kuvulaza anthu wamba. Iyeneranso kupewa kupanga zinthu ku Gaza zomwe zingapangitse moyo kukhala wosatheka kwa anthu aku Palestine omwe ali m'derali.
Khoti tanena mawu ochokera kwa pulezidenti wa Israel, Isaac Herzog, ndi nduna yake ya chitetezo, Yoav Gallant, kuti Israel yakhala ikuchita zosiyana ndendende mโmiyezi itatu ndi theka yapitayi. Mawu awo akuwonetsa kuti cholinga chake chinali kulanga anthu wamba ndikupangitsa kuti Gaza asakhalemo.
Oweruzawo ananena mwamphamvu kuti mpaka pano dziko la Israel linalephera kulemekeza udindo wake walamulo pa msonkhanowo ndipo linafunika kusonyeza kukhoti pasanathe mwezi umodzi kuti lasintha.
Pafupifupi Israyeli adzanyoza bwalo, nadzacita monga poyamba. Pambuyo pa chigamulochi, Prime Minister wa Israeli a Benjamin Netanyahu analumbira kupitiriza mpaka โchigonjetso chamtheradiโ.
Chisokonezo cha makhalidwe
ICJ, kwenikweni, yayika Israeli pamilandu yoyipa kwambiri, komanso yomwe Israeli adayitchula kwanthawi yayitali - ngati chiwonongeko cha Nazi - ngati chifukwa chodzikhazikitsira ngati malo opatulika ofunikira kwa Ayuda ochokera ku European antisemitism. .
Mwanjira yodziwikiratu, Netanyahu wotchedwa mlandu wakupha mtundu wa anthu โwoipitsitsaโ ndi โchizindikiro chamanyaziโ mโbwalo lamilandu. Iye anayesa zida kuti tsiku lotsatira linali Tsiku la Chikumbutso cha Holocaust, kutanthauza kuti gulu lokhalo lodana ndi semitic limatha kutsimikizira kuti ndi Israeli, osati Hamas, omwe akuchita kupha anthu.
Mโchenicheni, Khoti Lalikulu Ladziko Lonse labweretsa mโmaganizo mwaukali chisokonezo cha makhalidwe abwino chimene maulamuliro akumadzulo akhala akufuna kuchibisa kwa nthaลตi yaitali.
Popha, kuvulaza ndi kuyeretsa anthu a Palestina pazaka makumi asanu ndi awiri kuchokera pamene Israeli anakhazikitsidwa pa mabwinja a dziko la Palestine, kodi dziko lodzitcha lachiyuda silinakhale galimoto yomwe ozunzidwa ndi kupha mtundu wina amachitira wina?
Kupatula apo, zomwe zikuchitika ku Gaza masiku ano sizinawonekere.
Israeli yakhala ikutha ku Palestine ndi anthu aku Palestina kwazaka zopitilira zitatu. Pakhala pali zochitika zaupandu woopsa wankhondo, monga ntchito zoyeretsa mafuko a 1948 ndi 1967, komanso kuwukira ndi kulanda dziko la Lebanon koyambirira kwa 1980s.
Zochitika izi zakhala zikuphatikizidwa ndi nthawi yayitali ya umbanda woyenda pang'onopang'ono - wa kusankhana mitundu - idapangidwa kuti igawanitse, ghettoise ndikuchotsa ma Palestine ngati anthu.
Kalelo mu 2006, poyesa kunyalanyaza zovuta za Israeli, komanso Ayuda akumayiko akunja ndi anthu akumayiko akumadzulo, chifukwa choneneza mwachindunji zakupha anthu, katswiri wodziwika bwino waku Israeli Baruch Kimmerling. amadziwika Zolakwa za Israeli ngati "ndale". Anachita zimenezi kutatsala chaka chimodzi kuti Aisiraeli ayambe kuchita zinthu zoopsa Zaka 17 kuzingidwa kwa Gaza, kusandutsa mogwira mtima kukhala msasa wachibalo.
Komabe, malinga ndi Kimmerling, zomwe Israeli anachita ngakhale asanazingidwe ndi kupha anthu ambiri ku Gaza, zinali zofanana ndi kupha anthu.
Khoti lozengedwa mlandu
Kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira za zokambirana za khothi, funso loti Israeli akupanga "mlandu wamilandu" lidzakhala kutsogolo ndi pakati pa mkangano walamulo.
Izi sizidzakhala chitonthozo chochepa kwa anthu aku Palestine, omwe adzayenera kupitiriza kupirira kupha anthu nthawi yeniyeni, pamene Khoti Lalikulu la Dziko Lonse likuyang'ana umboni wosonyeza ngati Israeli akuchitadi zomwe oweruza avomereza kale kuti zikuwoneka ngati kupha anthu.
Koma oweruza adzakakamizidwa kwambiri kuti ayende mwachangu kuposa momwe amachitira nthawi zonse. Khoti lenilenilo, ndi dongosolo la chilungamo lomwe liyenera kuchirikiza, nawonso akuzengedwa mlandu. Iyenera kuchita zomwe ikuyenera kuchita: kusiya kupha anthu, osapereka chizindikiro zitachitika kale.
Zowonjezereka zomwe zikuyimbidwa mlandu ndi mayiko onse omwe athandizira, kuthandizira ndikuyesa kuteteza kuphedwa kwa Israeli ku Gaza. Iwo tsopano ali pachidziwitso chalamulo kuti akhoza kufufuzidwa chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi kupha anthu, kuchitira chiwembu kupha anthu komanso kuyambitsa kuphana.
Inde, kuyesako kudzatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Koma tsopano ndi mtambo wapachika pazochitika zonse za Israeli. Kuukira kulikonse kwa chipatala, kukana kopitilira kwa chakudya, madzi ndi mphamvu kwa anthu aku Gaza, kuphulitsidwa kwa "malo otetezeka" komwe Israeli adalamula kuti Palestina athawireko kudzalembedwa ndikufufuzidwa ngati umboni wakupha anthu.
Ndipo mofananamo, kukakamizidwa kudzakwera kwambiri ku khothi la ICJ lofooka kwambiri ku Hague, International Criminal Court (ICC), kuti adziwe omwe adayambitsa milanduyi.
South Africa, Khoti Lapadziko Lonse linavomereza, linapanga mlandu womveka. Ngati Israeli yanyengerera 15 mwa oweruza 17 a Khothi Ladziko Lonse kuti pali chiwopsezo chakupha anthu, ICC iyenera kufunafuna mwachangu omwe ali ndi milandu yambiri yankhondo yomwe kuwunikaku kumakhazikika.
Mayiko osagwirizana
Israeli idzayesa kupanga zambiri za mfundo yakuti palibe lamulo lomwe linapangidwa kuti liyimitse kuukira kwake.
Kukayika kwa khotilo kuchirikiza chigamulochi cha South Africa mosakayikira chinayendetsedwa ndi malingaliro andale. Zikadatero, zikadakhala pachiwopsezo chokumana ndi wolakwa weniweni: Washington.
Israeli ikadakana kuthetsa ziwawa zake, ndipo nkhaniyi ikadatumizidwa ku Security Council kuti igwire ntchito. Komanso, oyang'anira a Biden akadakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito veto yawo kuti ateteze makasitomala awo.
Mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, kupha anthu a Palestine sikukadatha. Koma khoti likadalamula kuti kuyimitsidwa, zikadakhala zoonekeratu kuposa pano kuti ndi US, kuposa Israeli, yomwe ikuwonetsetsa kuti kupha anthu kukupitilizabe mosadodometsedwa. Popanda ndalama za US ndi zida, Israeli sakanatha kupitiliza kuphulitsa bomba ku Gaza.
Zikuwoneka kuti kuzindikiritsa Washington ngati wothandizira kupha anthu kukuwonetsa malire a kulimba mtima kwa Khothi Ladziko Lonse.
Komabe, US ndi ogwirizana nawo tsopano ali pamavuto. Kutatsala tsiku limodzi kuti ICJ igamule, nyuzipepala ya Haaretz inanena kuti Israeli ndi Pentagon akumaliza mgwirizano waukulu wa zida.
Israel iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la "thandizo" lalikulu lomwe limalandira chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku Washington kuti ligule ma jets omenyera 50 ndi ma helikoputala 12 owukira opangidwa ndi Lockheed Martin ndi Boeing. Ikugulanso "zida zam'mlengalenga" zambiri chifukwa masheya ake akutsika chifukwa cha kuphulitsa kwake kosalekeza ku Gaza.
Malingana ndi Haaretz, kufunikira kwa ma helikopita owonjezereka, makamaka, "ndi phunziro lachindunji kuchokera ku nkhondo yamakono ku Gaza", kumene ndege zomwe zilipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito "kugunda zolinga za adani ndi kuthandizira asilikali apansi a IDF".
Pepalali linanena kuti akuluakulu aku Israeli akuti olamulira a Biden "adawonetsa kudzipereka kuti awonetsetse kuti zida zankhondo ndi zida zankhondo ziperekedwa mwachangu ku Israeli kuti athandizire IDF pankhondo yomwe ili pano".
Khothi Lalikulu Ladziko Lonse tsopano lifufuza ngati kudziperekaku ndikogwirizana - kapenanso chiwembu - kuyambitsa kupha anthu.
Chiwopsezo chalamulo
Chigamulo cha ICJ sichinalowe m'malo mwalamulo. Pa tsiku lomwelo, khoti lachigawo ku California anamva mlandu adabweretsedwa motsutsana ndi oyang'anira a Biden chifukwa chogwirizana komanso kulephera kuteteza "chiwonongeko" ku Gaza.
Mayiko ena ali pachiwopsezo chofananacho. Chigamulocho chisanaperekedwe, ogwirizana a Israyeli akanatha kunena momveka bwino kuti kusamutsira kwawo zida kwa Israyeli kunapangidwa mwachikhulupiriro, ngakhale zitakhala kuti pambuyo pake zinasonyezedwa kuti zina mwa zida zimenezo zinatha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito, mosadziwa kapena mwanjira ina, mโkuchitidwa zaupandu wankhondo.
Koma kukayikira kwa Khothi Ladziko Lonse la kupha anthu kumatanthauza kuti mayiko ena akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu mosamala kwambiri kuti apewe chiopsezo choimbidwa mlandu. Oweruza akweza mbendera yofiira pa khalidwe la Israeli. Mayiko ena amafunikira kuzindikira.
Mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya akhalapo kupereka Israeli yokhala ndi zida kwa zaka zambiri zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi Palestina. Koma ena, osati a US okha, akuthandiza Israeli molimbika pamene ikukwera ku Gaza, kuthandizira kupha anthu osachepera 26,000 a Palestine mpaka pano, ambiri mwa iwo ndi amayi ndi ana.
The UK wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo la ndege ku Cyprus kuwuluka maulendo angapo ozindikira ku Gaza omwe zotsatira za intelligence akugawana ndi Israeli. Germany, panthawiyi, ndi inanena kukhala otumiza zipolopolo za akasinja ku Israeli kuti abwezere masheya ake omwe atha.
Atsogoleri a azungu ali ofanana poyera chifukwa cha gawo lawo polimbikitsa kuukira kwa Israeli pa Gaza mwamwano komanso mwaukazembe. Kunyalanyaza kuchuluka kwa anthu ovulala aku Palestine, komanso udindo wovomerezeka wa Israeli ngati wokhalamo komanso kuzungulira kwawo kwankhondo, ambiri aika patsogolo m'malo mwake. Israeli "ufulu wodziteteza".
Mlingo womwe atha kukhala akuchita molakwika adatsindikitsidwa sabata yatha pomwe zidadziwika kuti gulu la akuluakulu achi Dutch ndi akazembe adasanduka oyimbira mluzu.
Iwo adapereka umboni ku La Haye ponena kuti nduna yawo, a Mark Rutte, adafuna kubisira anthu kuti akuluakulu a boma adapeza kuti Israeli akuchita ziwawa zankhondo.
Malinga ndi umboni, Rutte anafunsa unduna wake wa zamalamulo: "Tinganene chiyani kuti ziwoneke ngati Israeli sakuchita ziwawa zankhondo?"
Media manyazi
Chigamulochi chiyenera kuchititsa manyazi mabungwe atolankhani akumadzulo.
Zingakhale zochuluka kwambiri kuyembekezera kuti BBC ndi ena tsopano, akamatchula Israeli, adzawonjezera kufotokoza kuti "akufufuzidwa chifukwa cha kupha anthu" - monga momwe akufotokozera panopa Hamas monga "gulu lachigawenga losankhidwa ndi UK. ndi maboma enaโ.
Koma ICJ yaika mawonekedwe owopsa pawailesi yakanema ngati BBC omwe sanaulule zomwe zikuchitika ku Gaza m'masabata apitawa.
Khothi Lalikulu Ladziko Lonse likuwopa kuti kuphedwa kwa fuko kukuchitika, komabe atolankhani atopa mwachangu kubisa - mosiyana ndi kubwereza kosatha kwa zomwe zidachitika pafupifupi miyezi inayi yapitayo, pomwe omenyera nkhondo a Hamas adaukira Israeli, ndi malipoti ake pa. tsoka la akapolo a Israyeli ku Gaza; ndipo, tiyeni tizindikirenso, mosiyana kwambiri ndi chaka chake kapena zambiri za nkhani zankhani zakuukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine.
Mabungwe akuluakulu atolankhani akhala akuchotsa antchito omwe akuwoneka kuti akutsutsa kwambiri kuphedwa kwa Israeli - kutanthauza kuti kuunika kwawo kumayendetsedwa ndi tsankho m'malo moyamikira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.
ABC, bungwe la Australian Broadcasting Corporation, lachotsa wolandira mphotho waku Australia-Lebanon, Antionette Lattouf, pambuyo poti akuluakulu a Israeli okopa alendo adawopseza kuti achitapo kanthu ngati sachotsedwa.
Makamaka, Mehdi Hasan, yemwe tweeted za kuchotsedwa kwa Lattouf, anali m'modzi mwa anangula atatu achisilamu pa MSNBC kuchotsedwa kuchokera pamawayilesi m'masabata aposachedwa. Hasan adapanga mitu yankhani ndi zoyankhulana zotsutsana ndi olankhulira Israeli monga a Mark Regev.
Makampani ochezera a pa Intaneti sakhala bwino. Bungwe la Human Rights Watch laposachedwa lipoti adapeza kuti Meta, yomwe ili ndi Facebook ndi Instagram, yakhala ikupondereza mwatsatanetsatane za anthu aku Palestine ndi Gaza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Israeli asavutike kupeลตa kuwunika pagulu zamilandu yake.
Nkhondo yolimbikitsa
Mwina nโzosadabwitsa kuti mawu a Gallant ndi Herzog ophera fuko atanenedwa momveka bwino ndi khoti, Netanyahu. anachenjezedwa nduna zake kuti apewe kuyankhapo pa ganizo la ICJ.
Kaya bwalo lamilandu lipeza kapena ayi kuti umboni wotsutsa Israeli ukudutsa malire omenyera ufulu wa anthu, kulimbikitsa kuphana kuyenera kukhala kosavuta kutsimikizira. Pempho la South Africa ku khothi linaphatikizapo tsamba ndi tsamba la zigawenga zomwe akuluakulu a Israeli, kuphatikizapo Netanyahu mwiniwake adanena.
Israeli akhoza kugonja pankhondo imeneyo mwachangu kwambiri.
Koma, zowonadi, akuluakulu aku Israeli adzapeza zovuta kuti athetsere zolimbikitsa zawo, kuphatikiza ndi khothi.
Adayankha onse awiri Galant akuitanira Mlandu waku South Africa woti "antisemitic" komanso kunena kuti ICJ inali yofunitsitsa kutengera kudana ndi Ayuda.
Chomwe ICJ yatsimikizira ndikuti kuipitsidwa kwa Israeli sikuchoka. Funso tsopano ndilakuti, kodi manyazi ndi manyazi zidzafalikira mpaka pati?
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