[Nkhaniyi ndi gawo la mndandanda wa ZNet Classics. Katatu pa sabata tidzalembanso nkhani yomwe tikuganiza kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ili lidasindikizidwa koyamba mu February, 2003.]
Chokhacho chodabwitsa kwa ine ponena za kuwulutsa kwapadziko lonse kwa ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi nkhondo pa February 15 ndikuti zinali zabwino kuposa masiku onse. Malipoti ochepa chabe adalankhula za ndale zomwe zimabweretsa zionetserozo komanso ulemu wina kwa anthu omwe adatuluka.
Izi sizikunena zambiri, ndikuzindikira, koma zithunzi zakutsogolo zomwe zili ndi mutu wakuti โMamiliyoni Akuyenda Polimbana ndi Nkhondoโ (Boston Globe, 2/26/2003) ndi โKuchokera ku Melbourne kupita ku New York, Kulira Mtendere: Chionetsero Chachikulu, Chakutali Against War on Iraq โ(NYT, 2/16/2003) pafupifupi zidapangitsa kuti atolankhani awoneke ngati odana ndi nkhondo poyerekezera ndi nkhani zachidule, zotsutsa kumanzere zazaka zapitazi. Mosasamala kanthu zomwe amakonda, zinali zovuta kunyalanyaza anthu opitilira mamiliyoni khumi omwe akuchita ziwonetsero padziko lonse lapansi.
Inde, ndinayang'ananso maola atatu akuwonetsa ziwonetsero za New York zowulutsidwa pa World Link satellite TV yopangidwa ndi mgwirizano wamagulu atolankhani, kuphatikizapo WBAI, Pacifica, Free Speech TV, Working Assets Radio, ndi zina. Amy Goodman wa "Demokalase Tsopano," mwa ena, adachita nawo mwambowu pawailesi yakanema. Kufotokozera kumeneku kunachitidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo kunaphatikizapo zokamba zambiri ndi zoyankhulana ndi anthu ambiri (okonda zachikazi, olimbikitsa ntchito, ndi zina zotero), kutsimikizira kuti tikhoza kuchita bwino kwambiri.
Nโzosakayikitsa kuti February 15 linali tsiku lofunika kwambiri. Zinawululira kudziko lapansi, mwinanso kuposa zochita zotsutsana ndi kudalirana kwadziko lonse, kuti pali kayendetsedwe ka mayiko komanso kuti akugwira ntchito mogwirizana.
Izi zati - pali zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimandikhudza. Choyamba, ambiri mwa anthu omwe adafunsidwa pachiwonetsero cha NY adawonetsa kuti, "Tsopano, boma liyenera kumvera ndikuletsa nkhondoyi." (Chodabwitsa, mumtundu wosokonekera, anthu ambiri olankhula ndikufunsidwa adawonetsa kuti amaganiza kuti nkhondo ya Iraq inali yosapeลตeka.)
Zofananazi zidachitikanso paziwonetsero zolimbana ndi nkhondo ku Vietnam. Anthu anayamba kukhulupirira, mosasamala kanthu za umboni wonse, kuti chiwonetsero chachikulu chimodzi kapena ziwiri kapena zitatu zingapangitse anthu osankhika kusiya kutsata zolinga zawo zankhondo ndipo adzayimitsa nkhondoyo. Nangano nโchiyani chinachitika pamene kutsanuliridwa koteroko kunalephera? Anthu ambiri omwe adachita ziwonetsero atawonetsa kukwezeka kwamalingaliro adasintha ndikusiya kupha m'milungu ingapo.
Mโmalo moona kuti zinthu zikupita patsogolo, anthu anakhumudwa chifukwa cholephera kumaliza. Zomwezo zikhoza kuchitika pano: boma likukwera izi, ziwonetsero zimakhala zochepa komanso zodzipatula, zofalitsa zimakhala zonyansa kwambiri, ndipo ndizo. Njira ina, ndithudi, ndi yakuti omenyera ufulu akhale ndi njira yoleza mtima komanso yokhalitsa.
Chachiwiri, kuguba motsutsana ndi nkhondoyi komanso kuyimitsa nkhondoyi popanda kumanga gulu losatha sikungasinthe kokha ndondomeko yachifumu kapena mabungwe omwe adzabweretse nkhondo zambiri. Sikuti kokha sikudzasintha dongosolo lazachuma limene likuchita nkhondo ndi mbali yaikulu ya dziko. Mayendedwe athu ayenera kusiyanasiyana, kuzama, ndi kulimbikira.
Koma kuwonjezera pa ziwonetsero zomwe zikuchitika komanso kuphunzitsa anthu, ziwonetserozo ziyenera kukhala zosiyanasiyana, zopanga, zankhondo, komanso zosokoneza. Ziyenera kuchitika pamagulu onse a anthu.
Ngati ophunzira atanyanyala pa Marichi 5; ngati mazana masauzande a amayi alumikizana manja kuzungulira likulu kuti achite ziwonetsero zankhondo ndikulimbikitsa mtendere pa Marichi 8; ngati aphunzitsi ayamba kuphunzitsa za nkhondo ndi zifukwa zenizeni zomwe US โโakufuna kupita kunkhondo; ngati atumiki akulalikira uthenga wotsutsa nkhondo; ngati magulu ammudzi canvas; ngati makhonsolo amizinda apereka zigamulo ndi kukakamiza maboma a boma ndi feduro; ngati kampeni zopempha zakhazikitsidwa; ngati mabungwe ogwira ntchito akulimbana ndi nkhondo komanso mtendere ndi chilungamo (monga momwe zaopsezedwa kale ku England, Ireland, Australia ndi mayiko ena ambiri), ndiye kuti padzakhala chipwirikiti cha chikhalidwe cha anthu chomwe chingalepheretse boma lankhondo kuyendetsa zolinga zake.
Koma pali chinthu chinanso chimene chiyenera kuchitika. Tiyenera kutsatira atolankhani. Kwa zaka zambiri omenyera ufulu akhala akudandaula ndi kudzudzula zoulutsira mawu. Ngakhale pamene akupanga zotsutsa izi, ambiri amawoneka odabwa, ngakhale okhumudwa, ndi momwe zochitika zathu ndi ndale zimawululidwa muzofalitsa zomwe takhala tikuzifotokoza kwa nthawi yaitali kuti sitingathe, mwadongosolo komanso mwamaganizo, kuti tipereke ndondomeko yathu yamtundu uliwonse wovomerezeka ndi wovomerezeka, zocheperako kufalitsa - ngati kuti sitikhulupirira kusanthula kwathu.
Timayiwala nthawi zina kuti media wamba (popanda kudziwitsa anthu osankhika) ndi (mawu a Chomsky) "kusunga [kusunga] chiwopsezo pamzere. [Zimatsimikizira] kuti ndife maatomu ogwiritsidwa ntchito, zida zomvera zopangira, zotalikirana, zopanda lingaliro lililonse la moyo wamunthu wabwino. Tiyenera kukhala oonerera mโdongosolo la ndale loyendetsedwa ndi anthu osankhika akudziimba mlandu ife eni ndi wina ndi mnzake pa chimene chiri cholakwika.โ
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, poganizira momwe zofalitsa zimakhalira kuti zigulitse omvera kwa otsatsa malonda kuti apindule, momwe amachitira ndi kuphatikizira zikhalidwe ndi machitidwe a kayendetsedwe ka makampani muzochita zake, ndi momwe zimakhalira ndi kutumizira anthu osankhika omwe Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, Rice, ndi Powell akuyimira, zolimbikitsa zathu zofalitsa nkhani nthawi zambiri zimangokhalira kudzudzula zoulutsira nkhani, kuphatikiza kuyesa kupeza ma byte athu 20 achiwiri pamanetiweki, ngati kuti zitha kuthetsa vutoli.
Ena apanga "njira zina" kapena "zodziyimira pawokha" zofalitsa (osati zonse zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri) ndipo amayesa molimbika kuti azigawira ndi ndalama zochepa, m'magulu omwe njira zogawanitsa zili pansi pa ulamuliro womwewo monga momwe zimakhalira zofalitsa zomwezo. Zambiri mwazoyesayesa izi zakhala zikuyenda bwino kwambiri (poganizira za zovuta), koma zina zambiri zasokonekera chifukwa chosowa ndalama kapena kupsa mtima. Omwe apulumuka amasungidwa ang'onoang'ono ndipo amapezeka kokha ndi anthu omwe amawafunafuna, zomwe, modabwitsa, zimachitika nthawi yamavuto kapena nkhondo.
Chifukwa chake nthawi yakwana yoti tiwongolere ziwonetsero zathu kwa ofalitsa nkhani. Chimene tikufuna ndi chakuti atolankhani ambiri aziphatikiza mapulogalamu amtendere ndi chilungamo, okonzedwa ndi gulu lamtendere ndi chilungamo, m'malipoti awo atsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati sakugwirizana ndi izi, timasankha maofesi awo, kuwatenga ngati kuli kofunikira, ndi kuwatseka.
Kodi kulungamitsidwa kotani pa dziko lapansi kaamba ka kukhalako kwawo kosalekeza? Palibe chifukwa chamakhalidwe, chikhalidwe, kapena chachifundo choti apitilize kutipatsa ziwerengero za anthu ovulala (kuyambira 500 mpaka 1,000,000), ngati kuti akukambirana zanyengo; kapena kuti atsutsane mofatsa ngati aphe mutu wa dziko loyima paokha, ndiyeno kuti asankhe, chifukwa cha Khristu; kapena kuti iwo azichita ngati kuti mtendere ndi chilungamo ndi zachilendo, malingaliro osamvetsetseka omwe sangawamvetse. (Ndipo, mwa njira, kuti zitheke kukonzekera kwanuko, zoulutsira nkhani zazikulu zili paliponse, mumzinda uliwonse, tauni iliyonse, masukulu aliwonse, ndi madera aliwonse).
Panthawi ya 1991 US Invasion of Iraq, 50 kapena omenyera ufulu wamba (ambiri a iwo okhudzidwa ndi zofalitsa) adakumana pamodzi kuti apange Boston Media Action (BMA). Potengera luso ndi zomwe anthu omwe akukhudzidwa, tidaganiza zogwira ntchito panjira zitatu:
(1) โKufalitsa Choonadiโ kudzera muzithunzithunzi zaukali ndi kampeni yotumiza timapepala m'dera lonselo, pamodzi ndi kuyesetsa kowonjezereka kufalitsa zofalitsa zina;
(2) Media Watch yomwe ingayang'anire mawayilesi am'deralo, TV, ndi zoulutsira mawu ndikutulutsa malipoti nthawi ndi nthawi kuti agawidwe kwa olimbikitsa;
(3) Kampeni ya Press the Press kuti iwonetsetse kuti malipoti amtendere ndi chilungamo ndi kusanthula kwa omenyera ufulu ndi olemba amawonekera pafupipafupi m'ma media am'deralo.
Dinani Press Campaign
Mu Januwale 1991, kampeni ya BMA's Press the Press inayamba ndi kuphunzitsa chowonadi kumbuyo kwa nkhani zabodza komanso zifukwa zenizeni za US zochitira nkhondo. Mwambowu, womwe udapezeka ndi omenyera ufulu wa 500, adajambulidwa ndikujambulidwa kuti afikire mawayilesi am'deralo ndi mawayilesi apawailesi yakanema, komanso nyuzipepala yazachikhalidwe chakomweko kuti afune maola awiri pa sabata azinthu zokonzedwa ndi BMA. Nthawi yomweyo tinafalitsa chikalata cha Press the Press kuti anthu asayine, chomwe chidzaperekedwa kwa oyang'anira masiteshoniwo limodzi ndi matepi. Chilengezocho chinali ndi izi:
"Pamene ofalitsa nkhani ambiri amakana kulola malingaliro ena a zolinga za US m'chigawo chapakati chapakati monga kuti nkhondo inayambika kuti dziko la US ligwirizane ndi ndalama zomwe anthu a ku America amalipira komanso / kapena dziko lililonse lomwe tingawapititse; kuthetsa zilakolako za anthu zamtendere (zotchedwa Vietnam syndrome); kumenya nkhondo zovomerezeka zamtsogolo zakulowererapo kwa US; kuchepetsa zofuna za kugawanso ndalama ku maphunziro, nyumba, ndi chitukuko cha nzika za US; ndikusungabe ulamuliro wa US pamitengo yamafuta ndi mafuta ngati njira yopezera chuma padziko lonse lapansi;
"Choncho nkoyenera kuti olimbikitsa mtendere ndi chilungamo azikhala ndi mapulogalamu pawailesi ndi TV, komanso kufotokoza m'manyuzipepala, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zokambirana zamtendere, zotsutsana ndi nkhondo, kutembenuka, ndi chilungamo, ndikupereka maganizo a otsutsa ndondomeko ya Administration. ; zimene zimatsutsa makhalidwe abwino ankhondo, ulamuliro, ufumu, ndi maunansi ena opanda umunthu otumikira olemera ndi amphamvu; ndipo izo zikupereka makhalidwe ena abwino ndi masomphenya omwe angathandize bwino anthu omwe akusowa thandizo, ndi aliyense. "
Tinatumiza masauzande masauzande a zikalata zosainidwa ndi mavidiyo achitsanzo ku wailesi yapagulu ndi wailesi yakanema ya mโderalo, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kusonkhezera maprogramu. Tinakonzanso msonkhano watsiku limodzi kuti tisonkhanitse nkhani zambiri ndi kufalitsa choonadi. Patapita nthawi, ngati sitinayankhe kalikonse, tinali okonzeka kusankha nkhani zomwe tikufuna. Izi zikapanda kukhudza, tikhala tikukula mpaka kusamvera anthu, kutsatiridwa ndi ntchito. Koma asitikali aku US anali atawononga Iraq pomwe tidadutsa gawo loyamba ndipo sitinathe kupitiliza kampeni.
Yakwana nthawi yoti tiyambe kampeni yatsopano ya Press Press, nthawi ino kudziko lonse lapansi komanso padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza pakupitiliza kupanga ndi kugawa zofalitsa zathu. Iyenera kukhala khama la nthawi yayitali, lachidziwitso lofuna kusintha mabungwe omwe alipo opondereza, monga momwe timavutikira kusintha mabungwe opondereza azachuma ndi maboma. Kampeni iyi ya Press the Press iyeneranso kutsatiridwa ndi makampani omwe amagawa media. Otsatirawa amaonetsetsa kuti malingaliro athu amtendere ndi chilungamo asawonekere m'masitolo kapena m'manyuzipepala, pa TV, ndi pawailesi.
Kampeni iyi siyingadikire. Pambuyo pa โGulf Warโ ya 1991, TV Guide inavumbula kuti mbali yaikulu ya nkhani za nkhondo ya pa TV inapangidwa ndi kampani yogwirizana ndi anthu, imene inagulitsa nkhondoyo kwa anthu a ku Amereka. Nkhanizi zitatuluka, chifukwa chiyani sitinayambe kukhazikika kapena kutseka gulu lililonse lofalitsa nkhani ku US?
Chifukwa sitinayankhe panthawiyo, akupitiriza kuchita izi tsopano, akugulitsa nkhondo ngati sewero losangalatsa la TV ("Showdown With Saddam"), kugulitsa mantha, kugulitsa imperialism ya US monga ntchito yathu yokonda dziko, ngakhale kulimbikitsa ngati chigonjetso cha feminism ( wokwanira ndi mawu ankhondo ankhondo) chifukwa โpamene nkhondo ikubwera, [akazi] ali pafupi kumenyana kuposa kale lonse.โ (NYT Sunday Magazine, 2/16/2003). Tiyeni tiyambe kampeni yofalitsa Press, chifukwa nkhani ziyenera kutidziwitsa, osati pamzere.
Lydia Sargent ndi woyambitsa mnzake wa South End Press ndi Z Magazine, pomwe gawo lake la "Hotel Satire" lawonekera kuyambira 1988. Nkhani yotalikirapo ya nkhaniyi ikupezeka mu Z Magazine ya Marichi 2003, yomwe ipezekanso pa intaneti pa. www.zmag.org
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