Zaka 19 zapitazo pa November 1915, XNUMX, nyimbo yolembedwa ', cartoon scribblin', parody pushin' Industrial Workers of the World, Joe Hill, anaphedwa mopanda ulemu ndi gulu lowombera ku Utah. Ah, koma mutha kunena, chinthu chokha chomwe ndikudziwa za iye ndikuti "Joe Hill sanafe konse," akugwira mawu a munthu wotchuka. nyimbo ya anthu. Ngakhale zili zowona kuti si anthu ambiri omwe ali kunja kwa gulu la anthu ogwira ntchito komanso magulu ogwirizana omwe amadziwa zambiri za Joe Hill masiku ano - ndizochititsa manyazi.
Kulimbana kwa Joe Hill paufulu wa ogwira ntchito, kulankhula mwaufulu, ufulu woweruzidwa mwachilungamo, komanso kutsutsana ndi kusalingana kwa dongosolo lathu lazachuma ndizofunikabe lero. Wobadwira ku Sweden pa Okutobala 7, 1879 monga Joel Emmanuel Hรคgglund, a Joe Hill adasiya cholowa cha nyimbo zomenyera ufulu komanso mawu osawerengeka oti akhale ndi moyo, ndi kufa. M'malo mwake, wachiwiri kwa woyang'anira gulu lowombera mfuti pomwe Hill adaphedwa adauza anyamata ake kuti "Okonzeka, funani," Hill adafuula kuti, "Moto, pitirizani moto!" - kuyitana kuwombera mpaka kumapeto. Sanali kungokakamiza boma, komanso tonsefe, kuti tifulumire ndikuchita kale.
Hill adabwera ku United States mu 1902 ndipo adakhala zaka 13 zotsatira akukonza antchito ndikukonzekera kusintha kuchokera ku New York kupita ku California. Pamene zotsatira za bungwe la ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito ku Industrial Workers of the World, kapena IWW, zinkamveka, "mabaron amkuwa" ndi ma cronies amakampani sanali okondwa kwambiri. Kuphwanya kwa boma pa Wobblies, monga momwe mamembala a IWW amadziwika, adayimbidwa mlandu ndikuphedwa kwa Hill chifukwa chopha munthu wabizinesi ndi mwana wake ku Salt Lake City. Panthawiyo, chidwi chachikulu cha dziko chinali pa nkhani yake, yomwe inali yovuta kwambiri. Kukana kwa Hill kuchitira umboni mmalo mwake mosakayikira kunathandizira chigamulo chake cholakwa; akuti, Hill amakhulupirira kuti afa kuposa kukhala ndi moyo chifukwa cha mgwirizano. Popeza kuti zaka 100 pambuyo pake anthu amalankhulabe za iye ndikuyimba nyimbo za mgwirizano wake, zovuta ndizabwino kuti anali wolondola.
Ndizowonanso kuti Hill adakwanitsa kukonza ndikusokoneza ngakhale kupitilira gulu lowombera. Posafuna โkugwidwa atamwalira ku Utah,โ anapempha kuti mtembo wake utumizidwe ku Chicago kumene anawotchedwa. Phulusa lake linagawidwa, ndi makalata, mu maenvulopu a 600 kwa mamembala a IWW, mabungwe ndi othandizira padziko lonse lapansi. Akuti phulusa lina linalandidwa ndi US Postal Service (ndipo linangotulutsidwa kumene m'ma 1990), ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga (omwe amapezekabe pakhoma m'chipinda chowerengera ku Sweden), ena adadyedwa (posachedwa ndi Billy Bragg). ), ndipo ena anabalalika pazochitika kapena pa mphepo ya kusintha ku Nicaragua, United States, Canada, Sweden ndi Australia. Chifukwa chake Hill samakhalabe mu nyimbo zokha, komanso mwa akatswiri ena odziwika bwino komanso olimbikitsa. Nawa maphunziro asanu ochokera ku Joe Hill omwe akugwirabe ntchito mpaka pano.
Muli mphamvu mu mgwirizano
Hill ankakhulupirira mphamvu ya gulu logwirizana la ogwira ntchito, lokonzekera kulimbana ndi dongosolo, osati anthu ena. Analowa mu IWW chifukwa inali yotseguka kwa antchito onse - anthu amtundu, akazi, opanda luso komanso akunja, omwe adachotsedwa ku AFL panthawiyo. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za mโma 1900 kunali tsiku lachipambano la a Wobblies, omwe anali aluso kwambiri polankhula ndi anthu za kufunika kogwirizana mu โMgwirizano Waukulu Umodziโ kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu motsutsana ndi dongosolo lachinyengo la capitalist kuti apange demokalase ya mafakitale.
Tsoka ilo, IWW idakana kutenga nawo mbali pazandale panthawiyi - kusiya bwaloli kwa asosholisti osamala omwe nthawi zambiri amawopseza anthu aku US. Iwo anakananso kusaina mapangano ndi mabwana, powawona ngati osagwirizana kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sakanatha kulimbitsa zopindula zomwe adapindula chifukwa cha kunyanyala. Chifukwa cha izi, magawano mkati mwa IWW, ndi kusokonekera kwakukulu kwa boma, umembala womwe unayambika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1920 - ndipo mgwirizanowu sunabwererenso.
Komabe, a Joe Hill adalemba mawu amasomphenya komanso odula kunyimbo zachikhalidwe zomwe zimapitilira kunena za ulemerero wa ogwira ntchito. Mu โOgwira Ntchito Padziko Lonse, Galamukani,โ analemba kuti:
Ogwira ntchito padziko lapansi, dzukani! Dulani maunyolo anu. Muzifuna ufulu wanu.
Chuma chonse chomwe mumapanga chimatengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kodi mudzagwada mozama, Kuyambira m'makanda mpaka kumanda anu?
Kodi chikhumbo chanu chakwera, Kukhala akapolo abwino ndi ofunitsitsa?
Ukani, inu akaidi a njala; Menyerani ufulu wanu;
Ukani, inu akapolo a mitundu yonse, Mgwirizano umodzi waukulu.
Kuti mupange mayendedwe anu, khalani ophatikiza
Pozindikira kuti kupanga mphamvu za anthu kumafuna kukulitsa ziwerengero zamagulu, Hill adalemba nyimbo zolimbikitsa mgwirizano m'magulu ndikupeza mamembala atsopano. Iye anali wachikazi woyambirira, monga momwe munthu angadziwire kuchokera ku mawu ake okhudza umembala wa mgwirizano ndi ntchito yofunikira yomwe amayi angakhoze kuchita pakulimbana kwa kalasi. Mu โMtsikana Wopanduka,โ mouziridwa ndi Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, adalemba phunziro lolunjika kwa abale ake amgwirizano. Iye analemba kuti:
Ngakhale manja ake adzakhala olimba chifukwa cha ntchito, Ndi zovala zake sizingakhale zabwino kwambiri;
Koma mtima uli pachifuwa chake ukugunda, Izi ndi zoona kwa kalasi yake ndi mtundu wake.
Ndipo omekeza anjenjemera ndi mantha;
Kwa mayi yekhayo wokhwima bwino, Ndi Mtsikana Wopanduka.
Kupanga zinthu kumapeza katundu
Monga wolemba nyimbo, wolemba ndakatulo, wokamba nkhani pagulu komanso wokonzekera, Hill anali wogwira ntchito zachikhalidwe yemwe ankadziwa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito zidziwitso ndi nyimbo zokopa kuti afalitse uthenga pomwe zofalitsa zachikhalidwe zingagwere. The Wobblies anaphatikiza nyimbo, nthabwala, sitiroko, sopo, ndi njira zina zaluso pofikira ogwira ntchito osakhazikika komanso zochita zachindunji patsamba lantchito. "Kapepala, ngakhale kabwino bwanji, sikuwerengedwa kangapo, koma nyimbo imaphunziridwa pamtima ndikubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza," Hill adalemba m'kalata yopita kwa mkonzi. Mgwirizano mu November 1914. โNdipo ndimalimbikira kunena kuti ngati munthu angaike mfundo zomveka bwino mโnyimbo nโkuziveka chovala chanthabwala, adzakwanitsa kufikira antchito ochuluka amene ali opanda nzeru kwambiri kapena opanda chidwi kwambiri. werengani kabuku kapena nkhani yofotokoza za sayansi ya zachuma.โ
Simungadye malonjezo
M'nyimbo zingapo, zinali zoonekeratu kuti Hill amakhulupirira kuti malonjezo opeza mtsogolo sangalowe m'malo mwa moyo wabwino pano ndi pano. Parody yake"Mlaliki ndi Kapolo,โ mโnyimbo ya Salvation Army, โSweet Bye and Bye,โ ndiko kunali chiyambi cha mawu akuti โpie in the thambo,โ amene amatanthauza lonjezo labodza kapena cholinga chosatheka.
Mudzadya, moni,
M'dziko laulemerero lija pamwamba pa thambo;
Gwirani ntchito ndikupemphera, khalani pa udzu,
Mudzakhala ndi chitumbuwa kumwamba mukafa (ndipo ndilo bodza).
Musalire, konzekerani
Mwina chilangizo chodziwika bwino cha Joe ndi mfundo zake zokonzekera zidajambulidwa mu umodzi mwamawu ake omaliza, telegalamu yopita kwa mnzake wapagulu Big Bill Haywood madzulo a kuphedwa kwake. Imakhalabe pantchito ya anthu osachita zachiwawa padziko lonse lapansi kuchokera ku Beirut kupita ku Paris, ndipo imakhala yowona makamaka pamene tikulimbana ndi kupitilira ziwawa zauchigawenga ndikubwezera kuti tithetse machitidwe opondereza omwe amayendetsa zoyipa ndi kusayeruzika. โChabwino Bill,โ iye analemba motero. "Ndimafa ngati munthu wopanduka weniweni. Osataya nthawi pakulira. Konzani."
Zikomo a Joe Hill, ndi iwo omwe akupitilizabe kuti maphunziro ake akhale amoyo pogwira ntchito.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama