Bungwe la World Meteorological Organization linachenjeza Lachisanu kuti zizindikiro za kusintha kwa nyengo "zilibe m'ndandanda," tsiku lina Mlembi Wamkulu wa United Nations Antรณnio Guterres atauza akuluakulu ochokera m'mayiko olemera kuti kukana kwawo kuletsa kuwonjezereka kwa mafuta ndi "chilango cha imfa" chachitukuko ndipo anachonderera. ndi iwo kuti achepetse mwachangu chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi.
Zithunzi za WMO State of the Global Climate 2022 lipoti amafotokoza mmene mpweya woipa wowonjezera kutentha umachititsa kuti โmapulaneti asinthe pa nthaka, mโnyanja, ndi mumlengalenga.โ
Kuyeza kwa mipweya itatu yayikulu yotsekera kutentha - carbon dioxide, methane, ndi nitrous oxide - sikunakhalepo kokulirapo, ndipo mpweya udapitilira kukwera mu 2022, WMO ikutero. Chaka chatha kutentha kwapadziko lonse kunali 1.15 ยฐ C kuposa momwe mafakitale asanayambike, ndipo zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuyambira 2015 zakhala zotentha kwambiri kuposa zonse ngakhale kuti kuzizira kwa chochitika chachilendo cha "triple-dip" La Niรฑa pazaka zitatu zapitazi. Kubwerera kwa El Niรฑo mikhalidwe mu 2023 ndi zoyembekezeka kuonjezera kutentha.
Kutentha kwa m'nyanja kunapitilira kukwera mu 2022, kufika pa mbiri yatsopano. "Pafupifupi 90% ya mphamvu zomwe zimagwidwa ndi nyengo chifukwa cha mpweya wowonjezera kutentha zimapita m'nyanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kumachuluke kwambiri koma kuyika chiwopsezo ku zachilengedwe zam'madzi," kuphatikizira ndi acidization ya m'nyanja, malinga ndi WMO. "Kutentha kwa nyanja kwakwera kwambiri m'zaka makumi awiri zapitazi."
"Njira zamasiku ano zipangitsa kuti dziko lathu likhale lotentha ndi 2.8 ยฐ C kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino ... Ichi ndi chilango cha imfa."
Padziko lonse lapansi nyanja yam'madzi padziko lonse idapitilira kukwera ndikugunda mbiri yatsopano mu 2022. Malinga ndi WMO, "Mlingo wa kukwera kwamadzi padziko lonse lapansi wawonjezeka kawiri pakati pa zaka khumi zoyambirira za satellite record (1993-2002, 2.27 mm / yr). ) ndi omaliza (2013-2022, 4.62 mm/chaka). Kuphatikiza pa kutentha kwa nyanja, chomwe chathandizira kwambiri kukwera kwa madzi a m'nyanja ndikutaya madzi oundana kuchokera ku madzi oundana a Earth ndi madzi oundana a Greenland ndi Antarctic. The kusungunuka kofulumira Kuundana kwa madzi oundana ndi kukwera kwa madzi a mโnyanja kudzapitirirabe kwa โzaka masauzande,โ inatero bungwe la WMO, likugogomezera kufunika kochepetsa kuipitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa mapulaneti pofuna kuteteza anthu mabiliyoni ambiri okhala pafupi ndi nyanja.
Mu 2022, madzi oundana a m'nyanja ya Antarctic adatsika kwambiri pa mbiri yake, Greenland Ice Sheet inatha ndi chiwerengero choyipa cha 26th chaka chotsatira, ndipo pafupifupi makulidwe a glaciers omwe asayansi amawona kwa nthawi yaitali adatsika ndi zambiri. kuposa 1 mita (kubweretsa kutayika kwathunthu kuyambira 1970 mpaka pafupifupi 30 metres), zolemba za WMO. European Alps idasokoneza mbiri yakusungunuka kwa madzi oundana chaka chatha, ndikuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe kudawonekeranso ku High Mountain Asia, kumadzulo kwa North America, South America, ndi madera ena a Arctic.
Monga momwe lipotilo likufotokozera momveka bwino, zochitika zowopsa zazanyengo izi zawononga zachilengedwe zamitundumitundu ndikubweretsa zotsatira zowononga pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimamveka kwambiri ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa chakusafanana komwe kunalipo kale.
Mlembi wamkulu wa WMO, Petteri Taalas, anati: "Ngakhale kuti mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ukupitirirabe ndipo nyengo ikupitirirabe kusintha, anthu padziko lonse lapansi akupitirizabe kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo ndi nyengo." โMwachitsanzo, mu 2022, chilala chosalekeza ku East Africa, mvula yoopsa kwambiri ku Pakistan, komanso kutentha kwamphamvu kwambiri ku China ndi ku Ulaya kunakhudza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, kuchititsa kusowa kwa chakudya, kupititsa patsogolo kusamuka kwa anthu, ndi kutaya ndalama zokwana mabiliyoni a madola. kuwonongeka."
Asanatulutse lipoti la pachaka la WMO, a Guterres Lachinayi adatsutsa atsogoleri a mayiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri kuti alimbikitse nthawi yopulumutsa moyo m'malo mochitapo kanthu. pitirizani kutalikitsa moyo wamakampani opanga mafuta owononga nyengo.
Polankhula pamsonkhano wachinayi wa Major Economies Forum, woyitanidwa ndi Purezidenti wa US a Joe Biden, Guterres adauza "otulutsa zazikulu" ojambulidwa kanema uthenga kuti โndondomeko zamasiku ano zipangitsa kuti dziko lathu likhale lotentha kwambiri pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino.โ
"Ichi ndi chilango cha imfa," adatero Guterres.
Kutengera zomwe iye anati mwezi watha pamene Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change lofalitsidwa kuwunika kwake kwatsatanetsatane kwaposachedwa, mkulu wa UN anagogomezera kuti โndizothekabe kuchepetsa kutentha kwapadziko lonse kufika pa 1.5ยฐC. Koma kokha ngati dziko litenga gawo lalikulu muzochitika zanyengo. Ndipo izo zimadalira inu.โ
"Sayansi ikuwonekeratu: mapulojekiti atsopano amafuta opangira mafuta samagwirizana kwathunthu ndi 1.5 ยฐ C," kapu yotentha yomwe idagwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa Paris wa 2015, Guterres adapitiliza. "Komabe mayiko ambiri akukulitsa luso."
Ngakhale mkulu wa UN anakana kutchula aliyense dzina, Biden adakumana nazo kutsutsa kokulirakulira za kupondaponda kwa rabara Zambiri amaloleza kutulutsa mafuta ochulukirapo m'malo ndi madzi a anthu kuposa omwe adamutsogolera ku White House, kuphatikiza kuvomereza kwaposachedwa kwa ConocoPhillips wamkulu. Ntchito yobowola mafuta a Willow ku Alaska Arctic. Boma la Biden lasamukiranso onjezerani kuchuluka kwa gasi wosweka, makamaka mu US Gulf South, popeza dziko la Russia linalanda dziko la Ukraine February watha.
A Jean Su, director of the Center for Biological Diversity's Energy Justice program, adayitana Biden m'mawu omwe adatulutsidwa Lachinayi.
"Kuseri kwa chiwonetsero chobiriwira cha malonjezo a nyengo a Biden, akupitilizabe kukulitsa mafuta owononga owononga pama projekiti pambuyo pa polojekiti," atero a Su. "Tikufuna kuchepetsedwa kwenikweni kwa mafuta ndi gasi omwe akuwotcha tsogolo lathu, kuyambira ndikusintha chivomerezo cha Willow komanso kutha kwa zilolezo zonse zatsopano zamafuta."
A Guterres, kumbali yake, adalimbikitsa omwe adatenga nawo gawo pamsonkhanowo "kusintha njira." Iye anafotokoza kuti:
Thirani malasha pofika 2030 m'maiko a OECD ndi 2040 mwa ena onse. Kuthetsa kupereka zilolezo kapena ndalama zonseโzaboma ndi zachinsinsiโzantchito zatsopano zamafuta oyaka. Onetsetsani kuti kutulutsa magetsi ndi net-zero pofika 2035 m'maiko otukuka, ndi 2040 kwina. Kuchepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi m'magawo akulu mwachangu-kuyambira pa zombo, ndege, ndi zitsulo, mpaka simenti, aluminiyamu, ndi ulimi-mogwirizana kwambiri ndi mabungwe apadera. Ikani mtengo pa carbon. Ndipo sinthani ndalama zamafuta amafuta kuti mupereke ndalama zosinthira kupita ku zongowonjezera. Bungwe la International Energy Agency linanena kuti thandizoli lidafika $1 thililiyoni mu 2022 - zomwe ndi misala.
Kuphatikiza pa kulimbikitsa zoyesayesa zochepetsera pochepetsa kupanga mafuta oyambira pansi ndikufulumizitsa kusintha koyenera kumagetsi oyeretsa, mayiko olemera akuyeneranso kuchita ntchito zawo. zosakwaniritsidwa malonjezo azachuma chanyengo, Guterres anapitiriza.
Biden adatsegula msonkhano wa Lachinayi ndi kulengeza $ 1 biliyoni ya Green Climate Fund-kagawo kakang'ono ka ndalama zokwana madola 886 biliyoni zankhondo adafunsidwa mwezi watha ndi kulira kutali ndi zomwe akatswiri kunena ndilofunika.
"Tiyenera kufulumizitsa chilungamo chanyengo pokonzanso kayendetsedwe kazachuma padziko lonse lapansi," adatero Guterres. "Monga eni ake akuluakulu a Mabanki a Multilateral Development, ndikukulimbikitsani kuti muwalimbikitse kuti agwirizanitse bwino ntchito zawo, ndikusinthanso mabizinesi awo ndi njira zawo zomwe zingawachititse kukhala pachiwopsezo, kuti athe kuwongolera zochitika zanyengo ndi chitukuko chokhazikika."
"Muli ndi mphamvu zowonetsetsa kuti akugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo kuti asonkhetse ndalama zachinsinsi pamtengo wokwanira kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, komanso kuti athetse chithandizo chonse chamafuta oyaka," adatero. "Mutha kuwakakamiza kuti asinthe mwachangu ndikuwonjezera ndalama zawo kuti zingowonjezedwanso, kusinthidwa, ndikuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka."
Poyankha lipoti la WMO, lofalitsidwa tsiku la Earth Day lisanafike, mkulu wa bungwe la UN anatsindika kuti โtili ndi zida, chidziwitso, ndi njira zothetsera mavuto. Koma tikuyenera kupitiliza mayendedwe. โ
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