Kuyambira 2004 mpaka 2010 akatswiri a Fabio Rojas ndi Michael Heaney adafunsa anthu masauzande ambiri odana ndi nkhondo kuti aphunzire momwe zipani za ndale zimagwirira ntchito ndi magulu a anthu ku United States. Mu 2015 adasindikiza zomwe adapeza m'buku, Phwando mu Msewu: The Antiwar Movement ndi Democratic Party pambuyo pa 9 / 11.
Mtsutso wawo waukulu ndikuti zolimbana ndi nkhondo zaku US zidatha kuphatikizika ndi chipani cha Democratic. Ngakhale zaka za Bush zidakhala ndi gulu lamtendere lolimbikitsidwa poyankha kuukira kwa Afghanistan ndi Iraq, zionetsero zapagulu zidachepa pansi pa wolowa m'malo mwake.
Kutsutsa kwa Barack Obama ku Nkhondo ya Iraq kunali gawo lalikulu la kampeni yake komanso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa iye ndi Hilary Clinton panthawi ya pulayimale ya Democratic. "Ndinatsutsana ndi Iraq kuyambira pachiyambi," adatero pulezidenti wam'tsogolo panthawi ya kampeni yake. "Ndipo ndikunena kuti osati kungoyang'ana kumbuyo, komanso kuyang'ana kutsogolo, chifukwa ndikuganiza zomwe Purezidenti wotsatira ayenera kuwonetsa ndi mtundu wa chiweruzo chomwe chidzawonetsetse kuti tikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zathu zankhondo mwanzeru."
"Ndikuganiza kuti ndidzakhala Democrat yemwe adzakhala wothandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi John McCain, kapena Republican wina aliyense," anapitiriza. "Chifukwa onse akufuna kupitiliza kwa mfundo za George Bush, [ndipo] chifukwa ndipereka kusiyana koonekeratu ngati munthu yemwe sanachirikizepo nkhondoyi, adaganiza kuti zinali zolakwika."
Obama anali wolondola ponena za kuthekera kwake kumenya McCain, koma ndithudi adapitiliza ndondomeko za Bush. M'malo mwake, adakulitsa ambiri mwa iwo - kulimbikitsa kukhalapo kwa US ku Afghanistan, kutambasula "Nkhondo Yachigawenga" ku Africa yambiri, ndikuyambitsa ntchito yopha anthu padziko lonse lapansi ngati pulogalamu ya drone. Ngakhale kuti malamulowa ndi owerengeka, ndi anthu ochepa okha amene anapita mumsewu.
"Anthu amayenera kusankha, mwina mosazindikira, pomwe anganene kuti, 'Mukudziwa, nditha kupitiliza kutsutsa nkhondo, koma kodi izi zimapangitsa Obama kuwoneka woyipa? Kodi imeneyi ndi nkhani yofunika kuipewa?' Ndipo pankhani ya gulu lolimbana ndi nkhondo, zolimbikitsa zamagulu ndi zidziwitso zapagulu zidapambana tsikulo, "Rojas. adanena Jacobin mu 2018.
Palestine zionetsero
Kuyambira pomwe Israeli idayamba kuzungulira Gaza poyankha kuukira kwa Hamas pa Okutobala 7, pakhala ziwonetsero zazikulu padziko lonse lapansi mogwirizana ndi Palestine. Izi zikuphatikiza United States, komwe dzikolo lawona ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri zotsutsana ndi nkhondo, zotsutsana ndi ma imperialism kuyambira Nkhondo ya Iraq ku 2003.
Anthu zikwizikwi alowa m'misewu NYC, Los Angeles, Washington DC, ndi mizinda ina yambiri. A DC zionetsero okonzedwa ndi magulu achiyuda omenyera nkhondo anakoka zikwizikwi, ndipo mazana anamangidwa pambuyo pake, kuphatikizapo ma Rabi khumi ndi awiri. Anthu pafupifupi 25,000 adabwera kudzakumana nawo Chicago. Zochitika izi sizikuwonetsa kuyimitsidwa, ndi zina zambiri zokonzekera masiku akubwerawa.
Zochitazi zapitilira kuguba, pomwe ochita ziwonetsero amawonekera kumaofesi ndi nyumba zandale zomwe akufuna kuti athetse nkhondo. Omenyera ufulu wa anthu XNUMX adamangidwa pamalo ochirikiza Palestine Mgwirizano kunja kwa ofesi ya Boston ya Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA). Khamu lalikulu anasonyeza kunja kwa nyumba ya Brooklyn ya Senator Chuck Schumer (D-NY). Ayuda otsutsa adawonekera kunja kwa nyumba ya Brentwood ya VP Kamala Harris. Mamembala a IfNotNow adakhalapo m'maofesi a DC a Schumer, Senator Bernie Sanders (I-VT), Rep. Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY), ndi Rep. Katherine Clark (D-MA).
Ogwira ntchito zakale za WarrenSanders, ndi Senator John Fetterman alimbikitsa poyera aphunguwo kuti athandizire kuthetsa nkhondo.
Pa Okutobala 25, masauzande masauzande a ophunzira kudutsa masukulu opitilira 100 aku North America adalumikizana kuti afune kuyimitsa moto, kutha kwa thandizo lopanda malire kwa Israeli, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa mayunivesite kumabungwe omwe amapereka ndalama ku Palestine.
Usiku wa Okutobala 27, omenyera ufulu wachiyuda adatseka Grand Central Station, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu opitilira 300 amangidwe.
"Izi ndi zazikulu kuposa zomwe tidaziwonapo," Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa US Campaign for Palestinian Rights (USCPR) Ahmad Abuznaid adauza a Mondoweiss. "Izi ndi zotsatira za ntchito zomwe tachita zaka zambiri m'gululi, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti zina ndizogwirizana ndi [ziwonetsero za George Floyd za 2020]. Panali zambiri zamitundu, chilungamo cha anthu, nyumba zotsutsana ndi nkhondo panthawiyo.
"Zomwe ndikuwona lero ndikufunsa anthu mafunso oyenera, adatero. "N'chifukwa chiyani ndikuthandizira izi? 'Kodi ine ndikuchita nawo zimenezi?' Anthu ambiri aku America akuwona kupha kumeneku ndipo akudabwa chifukwa chake akuchirikiza kuphana kumeneku. โ
Hatem Abudayyeh amakhala ku Chicago ndipo ndi Mpando Wadziko Lonse wa US Palestinian Community Network (USPCN). Iye adanena Mondoweiss kuti nkhanza zowopsa za chiwembu cha Israeli komanso kukana kwa mabungwe andale kuthandiza Palestine ndizinthu zazikulu zomwe zikupangitsa anthu kuchita zionetsero.
"Tidawonapo ziwonetsero zazikulu ku Palestine," adatero Abudayyeh Mondoweiss. "Tinawona zionetsero zazikulu ku Chicago pamene Israeli anaukira Gaza ku 2009 ndipo pamene adawombera Gaza ku 2014. Zikwizikwi nthawi zonse, mwina mpaka 10 kapena 15,000. Tidawawonanso [pamene Israeli adaukira Gaza] mu 2021. Palibe chomwe ndachiwona chikuwoneka chonchi. Izi zakhala zazikulu zomwe ndaziwonapo kuyambira Nkhondo ya Iraq. Kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu kuposa momwe ndidawonerapo. "
Kafukufuku waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti anthu ambiri aku America amavomereza zomwe ziwonetsero zikufuna kuti athetse nkhondo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti bungweli lili ndi mphamvu zowoneka bwino.
Kafukufuku watsopano wochokera ku Data for Progress adapeza kuti 66% ya ovota "amavomereza mwamphamvu" kapena "mwinamwake amavomereza" kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenera kuyitanitsa kutha kwa nkhondo ndi kuchepa kwa ziwawa m'deralo. Izi zikuphatikiza 57% ya odziyimira pawokha, 56% aku Republican, ndi odabwitsa 80% a Democrats.
Palestine ndi Democratic Party
Mosiyana ndi ziwonetsero zanthawi ya Obama zomwe Rojas ndi Heaney adatsata, zonsezi zikuchitika pansi pa ulamuliro wa demokalase.
Biden akukumananso ndi kukanidwa ndi opanga malamulo mkati mwa chipani chake. Gulu la mamembala opita patsogolo a Nyumba (Kuphatikiza Reps. Cori Bush, Rashida Tlaib, Andrรฉ Carson, Summer Lee, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, ndi Ayanna Pressley) akukankha chisankho kuyitanitsa akuluakulu aboma kuti avomereze kuyimitsa ndikutumiza thandizo ku Gaza.
Pamsonkhano wa DC, Tlaib adayitana Biden mwachindunji. "Ngati sitibwereranso ku umunthu wathu womwe tinali nawo, sindikuganiza kuti tidzabwereranso," adauza khamulo. "Ndipo kwa Purezidenti wathu: Ndikufuna kuti adziwe, monga Palestina-America komanso munthu wachisilamu, sindidzaiwala izi. Ndipo ndikuganiza kuti anthu ambiri sadzayiwala izi. โ
Kafukufuku watsopano wa Gallup adapeza kuti kuvomera kwa Biden kwatsika ndi mfundo 11 pakati pa ma Democrat kuyambira koyambirira kwa Okutobala, ziwerengero zoyipitsitsa kwambiri pachipani chake. Kulemba kwa gululi pakuwunikaku kukuwonetsa kuti kutsika kwa a Biden kumabwera pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa Hamas pa Okutobala 7.
"Chiwopsezochi chitangochitika, a Biden adalonjeza thandizo la 'mwala wolimba komanso wosagwedezeka' kwa Israeli kuchokera ku US, ndipo adayendera dzikolo pa Oct. 18 kuti abwereze uthengawo," adatero. amawerenga. "Koma a Biden adatsutsidwa ndi mamembala ena achipani chake chifukwa chogwirizana kwambiri ndi Israeli komanso osachita zokwanira kwa anthu aku Palestine. Ena odziwika bwino a demokalase komanso ochita ziwonetsero kuzungulira US apempha Biden kuti achite zambiri kuthandiza mamiliyoni aku Palestine omwe akufunika thandizo laumunthu pomwe Israeli ikuyesera kuthetsa Hamas.
"Ngakhale kafukufukuyu sanapangidwe kuti athe kulola kuwerengera kodalirika pagawo lililonse la masabata atatu oponya voti, zotsatira zatsiku ndi tsiku zikuwonetsa kuti kuvomereza kwa a Democrats kwa Biden kudatsika kwambiri pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa Oct. 7 kochitidwa ndi Hamas ndi Biden. lonjezo la chithandizo chonse cha Israeli pa tsiku lomwelo," akupitiriza.
Izi siziyenera kudabwitsa anthu omwe atsatira kuvota pankhaniyi m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Kafukufuku wa 2021 Gallup adapeza kuti, kwa nthawi yoyamba, ambiri a Democrats tsopano amamvera chisoni kwambiri Palestina kuposa Israeli. A 2019 Data for Progress zofufuzira adapeza kuti 65% ya ovota a Democratic amathandizira ku Israeli. Center for American Progress zofufuzira kuyambira chaka chimenecho chinali ndi chiwerengero choposa, pa 71%. A 2020 University of Maryland Critical Issues Poll adapeza kuti 48% ya a Democrats omwe adamvapo za Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) "mwamphamvu kapena pang'ono" amathandizira kayendetsedwe kake. Kafukufuku wa gulu lomweli chaka chino adapeza kuti 44% ya ma Democrat ndikuganiza Israeli ndi dziko la tsankho.
Mbiri ya a Biden ikuyembekezekanso kugunda pakati pa ovota aku Arab-America, chifukwa chomveka choti olamulira azikhala ndi nkhawa. Mu 2020, ovota 300,000 achi Arab-America, a Democratic ku Michigan adathandizira kukankhira a Biden kuti apambane ndi Trump m'boma lomwe likugwedezeka.
"Bamboyo adandiswa mtima," wanthabwala waku Palestine-America Maysoon Zayid adatero Politico pa October 23, "Sindinayambe m'moyo wanga kuganiza kuti womvera chisoni wamkulu angamveke momwe adachitira. A Palestine sanapatsidwe umunthu. A Joe Biden akuyenera kuthera mpweya uliwonse akudzudzula kuphana kwa Israeli ndi changu chomwe adadzudzula Hamas kupha anthu wamba, changu chomwecho. Ndipo sitipeza kalikonse. Ana 1,000 amwalira, ndipo sitipeza chilichonse.โ
"Ndizopenga kwambiri kwa ine kuti chipani cha Democratic Party chinawononga zaka 20 zabwino zomwe Asilamu ndi Aluya adachita m'milungu iwiri yokha, ndikutaya m'badwo wonse womwe udakulira mumgwirizano wopita patsogolo, mwina kwamuyaya." tweeted wolemba komanso wotsutsa Eman Abdelhadi. โKufulumira kwa izo, mapetoโndizodabwitsa.โ
"Pamene a Republican amanyalanyaza miyoyo ya Asilamu ndi Aarabu zikuwonetsedwa bwino, Asilamu ena a ku America ndi Aarabu amaonanso kuti chipani cha Democratic Party chimaona kuti voti yawo ndi yopanda pake, ngakhale kuti mfundo za a Democrats sizimafanana choncho,โ analemba motero Dana El Kurd mโbuku lake. Nation. "Mnzake wina wachiarabu waku America adandiuza kuti, pansi pa maulamuliro a Republican, 'Aarabu atha kupeza ogwirizana' potsutsa."
"Kaya anthu omasuka amavomereza kapena ayi ndizosathandiza," akupitiriza. "Anthu ambiri akuganiza kuti funso la momwe angasinthire zinthu ku Palestine ndi ku Middle East kumadera ambiri alibe chochita ndi yemwe ali pulezidenti. Ndipo izi ziyenera kukhala zokhudzana ndi oyang'anira, ndiye kuti, ngati Biden ndi gulu lake atha kutenga maphunziro awa. Kwa Asilamu ambiri ndi Aarabu aku America, atha kuyembekezera. "
Kuphatikiza nkhani
Ambiri adzudzula zofalitsa zofalitsa za kayendetsedwe kamakono.
"Pali ziwonetsero zazikulu kulikonse ku US zotsutsana ndi kuphedwa kwa mafuko ku Gaza, mogwirizana ndi anthu aku Palestine ndikuyitanitsa kuti kuthetse nkhondo komanso kutha kwa thandizo la US pantchito," adatero. tweeted wolemba ndi pulofesa Thea Riofrancos. โKomabe, sindinaonepo nkhani ngakhale imodzi mโnyuzipepala yaikulu yofotokoza za gulu la anthu ambiri. Choyamba, kodi ndikusowa chinachake? Kodi NYT, WaPo, ndi zina zaphimba izi mozama kulikonse? Chachiwiri, ndani amene amasunga manambala? Ndikuwona malipoti osawerengeka a masauzande ndi masauzande pa zina mwa ziwonetserozi. Kodi pali paliponse pomwe manambalawa akulembedwa?"
"Tikudziwa kuti media ndi dzanja la boma la US," Abudayyeh adauza a Mondoweiss. โSizidziyimira pawokha, ndi zamakampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana..akufuna kubisa zonse. Tinali ndi 25,000 ku Chicago. Mmodzi wa malo ogulitsira anati mazana! Ndi maso amaliseche mwana amatha kuona kuti anali masauzande.
Wokonza masukulu ku yunivesite ya Massachusetts Amherst adatero Mondoweiss kuti pafupifupi ophunzira 300 ochirikiza Palestine adabwera ku msonkhano, pomwe ophunzira atatu kapena anayi okha ochirikiza Israeli adatsutsa. โNkhani imodzi yokha ya chochitikacho inali mโnyuzipepala yoyendetsedwa ndi ophunzira,โ iye anafotokoza motero. "Zofalitsa zazikulu sizikuyimira zomwe zikuchitika."
Maulendo omwe tawatchulawa akukoleji sanapeze nkhani zilizonse kupatula manyuzipepala a ophunzira komanso kulemba Teen Vogue.
Mu positi pa Instagram ndi Philly Palestine Coalition anatsutsa Wofufuza waku Philadelphia chifukwa cholephera kuphimba ziwonetsero zazikulu za Palestine mu mzindawu koma adaganiza zopereka lipoti laling'ono kwambiri lomwe likuchita ku Israeli. "Loweruka pa Okutobala 21, anthu masauzande ambiri a ku Philadelphia adapita m'misewu kutsutsa zakupha komanso kuyeretsa fuko la anthu aku Palestina," idatero. "Ichi chinali chimodzi mwa ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya Philadelphia, komabe [Philadelphia Funsani] ndi mabungwe ena ofalitsa nkhani adapereka ZERO kuwulutsa ndikukokomeza misonkhano yochirikiza Israeli. UKU NDI KUPONZEDWA KWA MEDIA. Tiyenera kunyalanyaza Wofunsayo ndikupempha kuti afotokoze bwino za kuphedwa kwa anthu aku Palestine ndi machitidwe athu ogwirizana ndi Palestina pamene akukana kuyeretsa fuko lawo. NYANSE KWA WOFUNIKA.โ
"Zisankho zikupitiliza kuwonetsa kuti bungweli likugwira ntchito," adatero Abuznaid. "Oulutsa nkhani akuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti achepetse mayendedwe a anthu ambiri. Tikuwona kuyesayesa kogwirizana kuchokera kwa opanga zisankho aku US kuti aletse zokambiranazi pagulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tiyenera kuwirikiza kawiri ndikupitiriza kuchita khama. "
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