Makhalidwe otsika a utolankhani wa ndale waku America - palibe vuto laling'ono lachiyembekezo cha demokalase - akuwonekera modabwitsa pokhudzana ndi zochitika za Tea Party (2009-20 ??). Ganizirani zaposachedwa kwambiri za Malcom Cowley Time Magazine nkhani pa (monga chivundikiro cha chivundikiro cha Time chikumveka) "Momwe Chipani cha Tiyi chidabera America." Choyikidwa pamwamba pa chithunzi cha azungu osankhana mitundu, azungu omwe anyamula zikwangwani zotcha Barack Obama "wolamulira wankhanza" komanso "chitsiru" chamudzi waku Kenya, mutu wa nkhaniyo komanso kufotokoza kwake komwe kumawerengedwa motere: ndi mbali zonse ziwiri zasonyeza kuti ndi 'pano kukhala." (Nthawi, 8/15/2011)
Pamtima pa "mayendedwe" awa, Cowely akutsutsa, "ndi nkhani yachikhulupiriro m'magulu a Tea Party omwe Washington ndi Wall Street ali pabedi limodzi, kupangira mphamvu ndi phindu powononga kamnyamatako." Kunyansidwa kwa Tea Party ndi "olamulira ... kudazika mizu," akutero Cowley, poyankha chiwongolero chaboma pamabanki akulu a Wall Street "m'dzinja la 2008โฆKu Phwando la Tiyi," Cowely akulemba kuti. mabanki ankafuna kuti okhometsa msonkho ambiri alowetsedwe ngati dzikolo liyenera kuletsa kupsinjika maganizo โinalinso njira ina yochititsa mantha yochitira umboni kusamutsira ndalama za okhoma msonkho kwa mabanki amene anayambitsa chipwirikiticho poyamba.โ
Cowley akunena kuti "pafupifupi 25 peresenti" ya anthu aku America amadziona ngati "otsatira chipani cha tiyi," koma akuti "Tea Party" ikana molimba mtima "msonkhano wandale" (kunyengerera) mu "pangano" lamanja la ngongole ya August 2, 2011 idalola "gulu lalikulu la anthu" kuti likwaniritse zomwe akufuna. Potcha "Chipani cha Tiyi ... mphamvu zandale zowopsa kwambiri kuyambira pomwe nkhondo yakumanzere idaphulika mu 1960s," Cowley akuganiza kuti "mgwirizano" wangongole waposachedwa ukuwonetsa kuti "ochepa amatha kulamulira [America] bwino lomwe."
โZomwe Zinali Zamgwirizanowu Zimakomera Olemeraโ
Kodi mungayambire kuti kusokoneza zolakwa ndi zopanda pake mu lipoti la Cowely? Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa CBS-New York Times (Ogasiti 2-3, 2011) akuwonetsa kuti 18 peresenti yokha ya aku America (osakwana gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu, ngakhale "pafupifupi" kotala) amadziona ngati ochirikiza "gulu la Tea Party". Chiwerengero chomwecho cha anthu aku America adadzizindikiritsa mwanjira imeneyi mu Epulo 2010.
Panalibe "Tea Party" mu "kugwa kwa 2008." Chochitika chamasiku ano cha Tea Party chinakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo pa February 19, 2009. Ndipamene Mkonzi wa Nkhani Zamalonda wa CNBC Rick Santelli, powulutsa kuchokera pansi pa Chicago Mercantile Exchange, anadzudzula dongosolo la Obama kubweza ngongole zanyumba, ndipo anaitanitsa "Chicago. Tea Party." Zinatenga nthawi pambuyo pake kuti atolankhani ndi gulu la ndale agwirizane kwenikweni ndi mawu (ndi mtundu) "Chipani cha Tiyi."
"Zowopsa" zandale zinali "kumanzere kwankhondo" m'zaka za m'ma 1960 - zaka khumi zomwe zidatha ndi purezidenti wokhazikika wa "malamulo ndi dongosolo" wa Richard Nixon, yemwe adapitiliza ndikukulitsa "kupachikidwa kwa Southeast Asia" (kulongosola koyenera kwa Noam Chomsky kwa America. Nkhondo za Indochinese) mpaka koyambirira kwa 1970s? M'malo mwake, mphamvu zandale zowopsa kwambiri zomwe zidabuka ku US kuyambira zaka za Kennedy-Johnson-Nixon zinali zodziwika bwino komanso zabodza, zotsogozedwa ndi mabungwe komanso makamaka kumwera chakumwera kwa New Right, komwe Chipani cha Tiyi ndi chaposachedwa kwambiri. kuchulukitsa kwambiri. (Mmodzi akukayikira kuti Cowley amatanthauza kuyika liwu loti "wachiwembu" pambuyo pa "zowopsa" komanso "zandale" m'mawu ake omwe tawatchula pamwambapa - "zandale zowopsa kwambiri kuyambira kumanzere kwa 1960" - koma kuwongolera uku sikunamuthandize. kwambiri, monga momwe tidzaonera.)
Ndipo kodi ndendende "gulu la anthu" lolimbana ndi "gulu lolamulira" la mabanki osankhika ndi ogwirizana nawo ku Washington lipambana bwanji ndi malamulo oyendetsera ngongole omwe adaperekedwa sabata yatha? Monga Rana Foroohar akufotokozera m'magazini yomweyi ya Time pomwe Cowley amafotokozera za chipani cha Tea Party chomwe akuti:
"Mgwirizano wochepetsera ngongole umatsimikizira kuti kusiyana [pakati pa olemera kwambiri ndi tonsefe] kudzakula, mwina modabwitsa ....kumachepetsa ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito panthawi yomwe ndalama zikufunika kwambiri. Chuma chasokonekera, ndipo mabungwe abizinesi akusungabe ndalama. Izi, pamodzi ndi mantha oti tidzakumana ndi vuto lomwelo miyezi ingapo kapena zaka zingapo, akatswiri azachuma akutsitsa zolosera zawo zomwe zikukula kale, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti chuma chomwe chikuwopedwa ndi 2% - chomwe anthu ochepa aluso kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito akuyenda bwino ndipo anthu ambiri apakatikatiโฆKuonjezera apo, tsatanetsatane wa mgwirizanowu umakomera anthu olemera, chifukwa olemera amathawa misonkho yatsopano ndipo osauka amadulidwa nkhwangwa ya msonkho kumbuyo monga njira yochepetsera malipiro a ulova, kuthetsa ntchito za boma ndi palibe kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama pamapulogalamu omwe angapangitse ntchito kapena kuthandizanso kukonzanso antchito. 'Nkovuta kuchepetsa kukula kwa boma pakali pano popanda kukulitsa kusalingana,' akutero Ken Rogoff, katswiri wa zachuma ku Harvard.'
Wow, ndiye ena โotchukaโ โchipambanoโ pa โgulu lolamuliraโ!
Astroturf ndi Partisan Re-branding
Phwando la Tiyi litha kukhala pano "kuti likhale" nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe ambiri amayembekezera, koma, monga momwe ine ndi Anthony DiMaggio tikuwonetsa m'buku lathu laposachedwa. Kusokoneza Phwando la Tiyi: Mass Media ndi Kampeni Yopanganso Ndale zaku America (Paradigm, May 2011), mafotokozedwe odziwika bwino a chipani cha Tea Party monga chodziwika bwino, ngakhale chodziwika bwino komanso chodziyimira pawokha, chotsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa, komanso ziwonetsero zamagulu a anthu (Nkhani ya Cowely ndi chitsanzo chaposachedwa komanso chopunduka) chachotsedwa kwambiri. maziko - zonse zabodza monga momwe amanenera a Tea Partiers kuti a Obama, a Democrats, ndi mabungwe ofalitsa nkhani padziko lonse lapansi ndi gawo la "radical socialist Kumanzere." Kusokoneza Phwando la Tiyi ikuwonetsa zonyansa, zaulamuliro, komanso zabodza zotsogola zotsogozedwa ndi anthu apamwamba komanso zokonda za Republican ndi bizinesi. Mamembala ake ndi utsogoleri wake ali kutali ndi "oyambira" komanso "otchuka," olemera kwambiri komanso ochita chidwi kuposa nzika zonse za US komanso kuposa gawo la anthu lomwe likufuna (polimbikitsidwa ndi ofufuza) kuti amve "chifundo. โ kwa Phwando la Tiyi. Chochitika chenicheni cha Tea Party chomwe tidapeza (kupyolera mu njira zomwe zinaphatikizapo kuwonetsetsa kwa anthu) zomwe zili bwino komanso Middle America, makamaka oyera, atsankho, ankhondo, odzikonda, ankhanza podana ndi osauka, opanda demokalase, osadziwa kwambiri komanso opusitsidwa. , onyada kwambiri, amutu, komanso odalira kwambiri nkhani zabodza komanso ndemanga pazandale. Ambiri mwa atsogoleri ake ndi mamembala amasonyeza: kunyoza kwakukulu kwa filosofi kaamba ka zochita za gulu; kusokoneza ndi kuwulula kufanana kwa malankhulidwe m'magulu, mizinda, ndi zigawo; kusowa kodabwitsa kwa makonzedwe enieni komanso ozama kwambiri amderalo; ndi kuika patsogolo zisankho za Republican pazochitika zamtundu uliwonse. Sakudziwa kusiyana pakati pa gulu lenileni lodziwika bwino lochita ziwonetsero ndi dzenje pansi.
"Tea Party" si gulu lachitukuko konse koma mkangano wosagwirizana ndi magulu omwe ali ndi chidwi chobwezera Republican Party. Ngakhale ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi izi, Tea Party ndi Astroturf komanso Republican wokhazikika pachimake. Sikuli โkuukiraโ kotsutsa dongosolo landale lachinyengo kapena dongosolo lachitukuko lokhazikitsidwa. M'malo mwake, ndikuwonetsetsa, kutsika pansi kwa dongosolo limenelo, kuvala ndikugulitsidwa ngati chigawenga chakunja chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa pakusintha malamulo ku Washington. Mogwirizana ndi kulondola kwanthawi yayitali kwa chipani cha Republican ndi ndale zaku US kuyambira m'ma 1970 ntchito yake yayikulu, yothandizidwa kwambiri ndi atolankhani omwe amafalitsa mwachangu nthano za "gulu la Tea Party", anali kuthandiza omwe sanasangalale nawo (chifukwa plutocratic) Chipani cha Republican chidziwonetseranso muzovala zachinyengo komanso zokomera anthu ambiri kuti zitengerepo mwayi pazandale chifukwa chakusatetezeka kwachuma komwe kwafalikira mu 2008-2009 pakatikati pa chisankho cha Congress ndi maboma mu Novembala 2010. M'malo mokhala antiestablishment, Tea. Chipanichi ndi chodziwika bwino, cha mapiko a kumanja, komanso chifaniziro cha Republican chomwe wolemba ndemanga wakale wa ndale Christopher Hitchens adachitchapo kale kuti "chiyambi cha ndale za ku America ...
โMpikisano Wopita Kumanjaโ
Lamulo langongole laposachedwa silinali chabe chifukwa cha zomwe Cowley amatcha "gawo lalikulu la Tea Party pakukambirana kwapagulu." Chipani chotsatira cha New Deal Democratic Party, chipani cha Republican chochita zinthu monyanyira, chokondera, komanso chipani chonse cha US chomwe chili ndi mabizinesi chipani chimodzi ndi theka chakhala chikuyenda pang'onopang'ono "kuchoka pakati" ndi kumanja kwa neoliberal. nthawi, kuyambira chakumapeto kwa 1970s. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimachititsa kuti nyenyezi zisinthe, palibe chofunika kwambiri kuposa izi: kufunikira kowonjezereka kwa ndalama zambiri mu ndale za US ndi ndondomeko panthawi imodzimodziyo kuti US yakula mopanda malire; kukwera kwa mabungwe atsopano amphamvu (monga Americans for Tax Reform, Club for Growth, Christian Coalition, ndi magulu ena ambiri) oyimira mapiko oyenera ndi zolinga zamalonda; ndi kufooka kwa gulu la ogwira ntchito ku US (mabungwe tsopano akuyimira ochepera m'modzi mwa anthu 1 ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe, kutsika kuchokera pa 10 mwa 1 mu 3) ndi mabungwe ambiri omasuka komanso opita patsogolo, omwe kale anali otsutsana ndi ndondomeko yabizinesi yosasinthika m'boma la federal ndi boma. .
Ndi mamembala ake 61 akummwera mosagwirizana kwambiri ndi mamembala 435 a House House ndi ma Senator ake anayi aku US, "Tea Party" (gulu laphokoso kwambiri, lokwiya kwambiri, komanso latsankho komanso lonyanyira m'mapiko akumanja a Republican Party) sanapeze zamatsenga. Kryptonite wandale - katswiri wina wanzeru - yemwe amalola kuti agonjetse "gulu lolamulira" ndikuchita chikoka cha Svengali pa ndale zaku America. Sizikanakhala mphamvu mu Nyumbayi koma kwanthawi yayitali yolowera kumanja kwa GOP wogwidwa ndi kampani komanso chifukwa chakuchita bizinesi movutikira kwa ma Democrat omwe amalamuliridwa ndi capitalist komanso wonyamula mulingo wawo wokhazikika wa neoliberal Barack Obama. Kuyimirira koopsa kwa a Obama Democrats pakatikati pa "chipani chawo" chokhumudwa komanso kuchotsedwa "kwatsegula chitseko cha chigonjetso cha Republican cholimbikitsidwa ndi Tea Party mu Novembala 4 - chigonjetso cholimba chomwe chidayambitsa zigawenga za Beltway zomwe zikupereka Amalume. Sam diso latsopano, lotsitsa lakuda.
The New York Times ndapezapo kena kake m'nkhani yaposachedwa, yotchedwa "Race to the Right" (NYT, Ogasiti 6, 2011). "Ndizosavuta kwambiri," akonzi a Times adalemba masiku asanu apitawo, "kuimba mlandu gulu lotayirira la Republican lodziwika kuti Tea Party chifukwa chazovuta za ngongole. Sinali mbali ya Tea Party ya chipani cha Republican yomwe idakokera chuma m'mphepete - chinali malo ake. Phwando lasamukira kumanja kotero kuti pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa fringe ndi ambiri. " Olembawo akufotokoza zambiri, m'ndime yomwe imayenera kutchulidwa kwautali:
"Kupyolera mu kuphatikizika kwa mantha ndi changu, atsogoleri a Republican ku Congress komanso mu kampeni yapurezidenti adatsata njira yatsopano yomwe zisankho zazikulu zonse zimawopseza - kutseka boma mu Epulo, kuyika chuma mu Julayi, kuti adule ndalama za Federal Aviation Administration mu Ogasiti. Atsogoleri a zipani adanena kuti azichita izi mobwerezabwereza, mpaka kalekale.
โTea Party sinabwere ndi njira imeneyi. Ngakhale ambiri mwa mamembala ake osankhidwa adanena kuti sadzavota kuti akweze ngongoleyo, anali a John Boehner, Mneneri wa Nyumba Yamalamulo, yemwe mu Meyi adapanga njira yowopsa yomwe Purezidenti Obama adayenera kuvomera kuti achepetse ndalama zambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe adawononga. kuwonjezeka kwa ngongole. Zachabechabezi zinapambana tsikulo. (Bambo Boehner adayendetsedwa ndi nthambi za Tea Party kuti akweze malire a ngongole konse.)
"M'Nyumbayi, muli mamembala 60 okha a gulu la Tea Party, ndipo sanali gulu lodziwika bwino. Lolemba lapitalo, 32 aiwo adathandizira ngongole yomaliza ndipo 28 adavotera. Kuti timvetse Chipani cha Republican mu Nyumbayi, ndi bwino kuganizira Komiti Yophunzira ya Republican, 176 ogwira ntchito zachuma omwe amapanga magawo awiri pa atatu a msonkhano wonse (kuphatikizapo ambiri a Tea Party). Tcheyamani wake, Jim Jordan wa ku Ohio, anali chimodzi mwazopinga zazikulu pa mgwirizano ndipo anakana kuthandizira.
โNdi gulu lalikululi lomwe Bambo Boehner ndi akuluakulu awo amawaopa kwambiri. Phwando la Tiyi lokha silinathe kugwetsa wokamba nkhani. Koma maziko a Republican akhoza. "
Uko nkulondola ndendende. Cowley angachite bwino kuwerenga nkhaniyi kawiri. Momwemonso akanatero Newsweek mtolankhani Lois Romano, yemwe posachedwapa ananena za โkuwonjezeka kwa chaka kwa Tea Party komwe kwachititsa kuti Washington kuimirire ndiponso kuti dziko lifike pachimake cha kusakhulupirikaโ ( L. Romano, โThe Queen of Rage,โ Newsweek, Ogasiti 15, 2011, 34) ndi Times wolemba nkhani mโdanga la Maureen Dowd, amene amadzudzula modziลตa ponena za mmene โChipani cha Tiyi chimathamangitsira [boma] Thunderbird pathanthwe pamene pulezidenti ndi spika wa Nyumbayo atamangirira kumbuyo.โ (M. Dowd, "Tempest in a Tea Party," NYT, July 30, 2011).
Phwando la Tiyi ndi Republican Non Tea Party: "Palibe Kusiyana Kweniyeni"
Zogwirizana ndi Times akonzi, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu m'mavoti a "Tea Party Republican" ndi "kukhazikitsidwa" Republican pankhani zazikulu zandale ndi zachuma. Chakumapeto kwa mwezi wa Julayi, mlembi wanga wa kumanzere wasayansi ya ndale Anthony DiMaggio akuti, Nyumba ya Republican idapereka lamulo lomwe likadaloleza kuwonjezereka kwa ngongole ya dziko pokhapokha ngati lidatsagana ndi "kudula, kapu, ndi chikole" chomwe chimafunikira. Othandizira kuvotera "kuchepetsa ndalama zambiri," "kudutsa kwa Balanced Balanced Amendment," ndi "kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito." DiMaggio analemba kuti: "Monga chizindikiro cha chipani cha Tea Party, "'kuthandizira kuyesayesa koteroko kukanati kulekanitsa Tea Party ndi ma Republican 'apakati' pamlingo waukulu. Zowona, komabe, panalibe kusiyana kwenikweniโ: biluyo idachirikizidwa ndi 93 peresenti ya mamembala 60 a Nyumba ya Tea Party Caucus ndi 94 peresenti ya 180 omwe sanali a Tea Party Republican. Ndi nkhani yofanana yofanana ya "mpikisano wopita kumanja" wofanana ndi mavoti ena a bellwether House koyambirira kwa chaka chino: "Obamacare Repeal" (mothandizidwa ndi 100 peresenti ya onse a House Republican, Tea Party ndi omwe sanali a Tea Party mu Januwale 2011); Patriot Act Reauthorization (yothandizidwa ndi 90 peresenti ya Tea Party Republican ndi 91 peresenti ya omwe sanali a Tea Party Republican mu Nyumba); Kusintha kwa Balanced Budget (yothandizidwa ndi 93 peresenti ya Tea Party Republican ndi 94 peresenti ya omwe sanali a Tea Party Republican m'Nyumba).
Lingaliro lenileni loyamba la kugawikana kwa malingaliro ndi/kapena magulu linabwera ndi voti ya ngongole ya pa Ogasiti 1, 2011 (yothandizidwa ndi 53 peresenti ya House's Tea Party Caucus ndi 81 peresenti ya omwe sanali a Tea Party House Republican) ndipo ngakhale pano ambiri a Oyang'anira chipani cha Tea adathandizira lamulo lamapiko oyenera omwe adaneneratu kukweza denga pamalamulo omwe amangodalira kuchepetsa ndalama komanso misonkho kuti achepetse kuchepa. Biliyo idawonedwa ngati chipambano chachikulu cha Tea Party ngakhale kutsutsidwa kwachigawo choipitsitsa cha Tea Party Caucus. Zinali zogwirizana ndi zofuna za gulu lamphamvu lakumanja la Americans for Tax Reform, lomwe lakhala likukakamiza andale kwa zaka zambiri kuti asayine lonjezo loti asavotere kukwera kwa msonkho kulikonse. Onse kupatulapo 6 mwa ma Republican 240 m'Nyumbayi, pamodzi ndi ma Democrats awiri, asayina lonjezoli, kutanthauza kuti osachepera 174 mwa ma Republican 180 omwe si a Tea Party a Nyumbayi ndi adani omwe akuchitapo kanthu ndi boma.
Zowonadi zankhanza, zolimba kumanja za Republican mosasamala kanthu, a Times Mkonzi wa pawebusaiti anaumirira pa lingaliro la kugawanika kwakukulu pakati pa GOP center ndi gulu la Tea Party lomwe likukankhira phwando kumanja. "Ngakhale kuti opanga malamulo a Tea Party adachita bwino pamakangano a ngongole," tsamba la pepalalo silinamveke bwino pa Ogasiti 2, "ofuna ku Republican mu 2012 sakutsimikiza kuti achoka patali kwambiri."
Olanda Zenizeni
Chinthu chokha the Times akonzi omwe adasiyidwa ndikusokonekera kumanja kwa ma Democrats ndi kumanja kwapakati kwa wonyamula mu White House, yemwe adakhala Barack O'Hoover m'malo mwa "Franklin Delano Obama" ambiri omasuka ndi opita patsogolo amaganiziridwa.
Ndani kwenikweni "walanda America?" Nkhani yeniyeni ndi chikoka chambiri cha "ulamuliro wankhanza wosasankhidwa wa America" โโ(mawu a Edward S. Herman ndi David Peterson), omwe amakakamiza mapiko a Democratic ndi Republican a "The Property Party" (mawu a Ferdinand Lundberg) kutumikira olemera ndi wamphamvu kuposa osauka ndi ogwira ntchito ambiri. Ochepa omwe "alanda America" โโndi likulu lalikulu.
Mogwirizana ndi chigamulochi, ndipo chovuta kwambiri kuti Cowley atengere ngongole, "Tea Party" palokha ndi chida chopanga anthu osankhika a capitalist (monga mabiliyoniire Republican ndi Tea Party ochirikiza Charles ndi David Koch). Ndi, monga momwe George Monbiot anaonera posachedwapa mu The Guardian, "ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya Astroturf m'mbiri" (monga Monbiot akufotokozera, "Kampeni ya Astroturf ndi gulu labodza lochokera kumidzi: likufuna kukhala kuwukira kwachisawawa kwa nzika zokhudzidwa, koma zoona zake n'zabodza. imakhazikitsidwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi anthu osankhika"). Oyipanga akuphatikiza eni ake ndi mamanenjala azama media akuluakulu (osati a FOX News okha) omwe amagwiritsa ntchito Cowley ndi atolankhani ena ambiri aku US (makamaka The New York Times' Kate Zernike, mlembi wa buku lolakwika kwambiri koma logulitsidwa kwambiri pazochitika za Tea Party - Kutentha Mad) amene atsutsa - zomwe zikuyenera kukhala zochititsa manyazi kukhulupilika kwa malipoti a US - nthano ngati mtundu wina wa zionetsero zodziyimira pawokha komanso zachiwembu komanso zigawenga zapansi-mmwamba.
Chomvetsa chisoni nโchakuti, โkumanzere,โ monga momwe kulili, kuli ndi mlandu. Tikadakhala ndi gulu lalikulu komanso lofunikira mwachangu komanso lotsogola motsutsana ndi ndale zaku US, zamakampani komanso zoyendetsedwa ndi Wall Street komanso gulu lalikulu lazachuma lomwe limapindula ndi dongosololi, zikanakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa atolankhani kuti agulitse malingaliro opusa akuti "Tea Party" ikuyimira kulimbana koteroko.
Paul Street ([imelo ndiotetezedwa]) ndi mlembi wa Barack Obama ndi Tsogolo la American Politics (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2008, yofotokozedwa ndi John Pilger mu 2009 kuti "mwina buku lokhalo lomwe likunena zoona za pulezidenti wa 44 wa United States") ndi The Zovala Zatsopano za Empire: Barack Obama m'dziko lenileni lamphamvu (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2010). Buku lachisanu ndi chimodzi la Street, lolembedwa ndi Anthony DiMaggio, ndi Crashing the Tea Party Mass Media ndi Campaign to Remake American Politics (Boulder, CO Paradigm. 2011).
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