Pa 2 Ogasiti, kutangotsala maola ochepa kuti boma la US likhazikitse ngongole kapena kubweza ngongoleyo, Purezidenti Barack Obama adasaina lamulo la Budget Control Act, Congress itadutsa malire. Panganoli la ngongole likufuna ndalama zoposa $2 thililiyoni ($900 biliyoni pano ndi $1.2 thililiyoni pakutha kwa chaka) pakuchepetsa kwa ndalama zomwe zafalikira pazaka 10. Kuchepetsa uku kukuyembekezeka kuchepetsa kukula kwa GDP (gross domestic product) mu 2012 ndi 0.1 peresenti. Komabe, ngati mgwirizano sunafikire pa ndalama zochepetsera ndalama za $ 1.2 triliyoni, ngongoleyi ili ndi zochepetsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha zomwe ena amaganiza kuti zingachepetse kukula kwa GDP ndi 0.8 peresenti mu 2013. Dziwani kuti panopa 2013 GDP kukula kwa 3 ndi XNUMX peresenti. Kuphatikizika kwa kuchepetsedwa kwa ndalama zogulira boma, kuchepetsa thandizo la boma pazopeza zamunthu komanso kupitilizabe kuchuluka kwa ulova zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonetsa zaka ziwiri zakuchepa kwa GDP, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo limodzi la GDP ndipo pambuyo pake mafuta osatengera mafuta ochokera kunja. ku milingo yawo isanachitike mavuto azachuma aku America.
Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwamtunduwu komwe kumapewa olemera ku misonkho yayikulu ndikuteteza bajeti yankhondo yochulukira kuti isachepetse ndikuukira nzika wamba yomwe imadalira mapulogalamu aboma ngati maukonde otetezedwa.
Sabata ino, ndidamva zokambitsirana zochulukirachulukira pazofalitsa zodziwika bwino zokhuza zabwino za socialism. Katswiri wina wotchuka wapa TV, Keith Olbermann, anadzudzula anthu wamba kuti atsutse kuukira kwa ma network achitetezo. Kawirikawiri, zokambirana zoterezi pa socialism zimachitidwa ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono a kumanzere, kutali ndi zofalitsa zodziwika bwino. Tsopano komabe zikuwonekeratu kuchokera kukuya kwamavuto angapo kuti anthu tsopano akuganiza momveka bwino za njira zina. Keith Olbermann adapempha anthu kuti adzuke. M'mawu ake okhudzidwa, Olbermann adayitanitsa gulu latsopano kuti liyike ndikupanga ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi Budget Control Act. Olbermann adanena pawonetsero wake:
โKodi mkwiyowo ukuchokera kuti?โ
โKuchokera kwa inu! Sizingachite bwino kudikirira kuti andale akhululukire machimo awo mwadzidzidzi ... sikungachite bwino kudikirira ofalitsa nkhani kuti akumbukire komwe adachokera ngati "nkhani yaulere" ... kuti ndidziwe.'
Popanda gulu la zionetsero, 'mafunde' omwe adabweretsa ngongoleyo 'adzatiphwanyira, chifukwa iwo omwe adawalenga ali olinganizidwa ndi ogwirizana komanso akugwa ku gehena. Ndipo yankho lokha ndilo kukhala olinganizidwa ndi ogwirizana ndi okhotakhota ku helo mobwezera.โ
Olbermann anali kuyitanitsa anthu kuti adzikonzekere okha komanso kudzilimbikitsa kuti athane ndi zovuta zamagulu azachuma ndi ankhondo.
Potengera kudzoza kuchokera kunkhondo zolimbana ndi nkhondo komanso zolimbana ndi tsankho za m'badwo wakale, Olbermann adapempha anthu aku US kuti 'apezenso mphamvu ndi cholinga chazaka za m'ma 1960 ndi koyambirira kwa 1970s ndipo tiyenera kutsutsa mgwirizanowu ndi zonse zomwe zachitika kuti zichitike. bwerani m'makwalala.
Uku ndikuyitanitsa zida zopanda chiwawa. Unali kuyitana komveka bwino kwambiri kuchokera kumbali yopita patsogolo. Kuyitanira kwa Olbermann kwa bungwe kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi omwe anali kuyang'ana kwa Obama kuti awayankhe kapena omwe amati mgwirizanowu ndi wopambana kwa opita patsogolo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zopita patsogolo sizinayambe kukonzekera bwino. Iwo alola kuti magulu ankhondo azitha kulamulira mkangano wokhudza ngongole, dola ndi bajeti ya nkhondo ndi kuponderezana.
POPULIST CONSERVATISM, CLASS POWER NDI THE BUDGET CONTROL ACT
Pa 3 Ogasiti 2011, mkonzi wa New York Times ananena kuti Budget Control Act iyi:
'ndi yopangidwa ngati vuto lochita kupanga lomwe linayambitsa izi. Biliyo, ngati nyimbo ya opera yotopa, ili ndi masitepe ovuta komanso zolephera zomwe zatsala zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Sikuti ndi ndondomeko yoyipa yokha muzolinga zake zochepetsera ndalama zambiri, koma ndi ndondomeko yoipa. Zimalola mamembala a Congress kupeลตa udindo pazochita zawo kudzera mu komiti yochepetsera ndalama, ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama komanso kunamizira kuti Congress iyi ikhoza kuwuza wotsatira zoyenera kuchita.
Pepalali silinafotokozere owerenga kuti ndondomeko yoipayi ikugwira ntchito yomveka bwino, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu 2 peresenti chikulamulira. Mkwiyo pakati pa anthu kuchokera kumbali zonse unali waukulu kwambiri, kotero nsanja iyi ya mapiko omasuka a gulu lolamulira linatuluka ndi mawu awa. Ngakhale zili zowona kuti zofalitsa zodziwika bwino zakhala zikunyamula mfundo zokambitsirana ndikuzungulira maphwando awiri akuluakulu, sipangakhale kubisala kuti mamiliyoni ambiri tsopano akulabadira zenizeni zavuto lazachuma ku United States.
Kwa zaka ziwiri ndi theka magulu ankhondo a Tea Party adalanda malo a ndale. Mokweza komanso mwaukali, magulu a Tea Party awa a populist conservatism amaberekanso zikhalidwe za ukulu wa azungu ndi zankhondo. Tsopano zalembedwa bwino kuti othandizira azachuma a Tea Party ndi ena mwa mabiliyoni ambiri otsika kwambiri kuchokera ku gawo lazachuma.
Andale awa amakula chifukwa chakusamvera kwa ndale kwa anthu omwe akupita patsogolo, koma seweroli lakhala likuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri kotero kuti anthu amafuna zambiri. Akufuna kudziwa zomwe zikutanthauza kuti Budget Control Act ipereka chiwonjezeko cha $ 400 biliyoni pangongole yaboma kuti athetse chiwopsezo cha kubweza ngongole, ndikuwonjezeranso $ 500 biliyoni yomwe ikupezeka kuyambira February kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito paulamuliro wa Purezidenti. Padzakhala chiwonjezeko china cha $ 1.2 thililiyoni mpaka $ 1.5 thililiyoni chomwe chidzapezeka pokhapokha ngati kusintha koyenera kwa bajeti kumaganiziridwa ndi Congress kumapeto kwa chaka.
Pambuyo pa kudulidwa kwa $ 900 biliyoni, kuyambira Novembala komiti yapadera yolumikizana ndi anthu 12 ochokera ku Nyumba ya Oyimilira ndi Nyumba ya Senate ibweranso ndi malingaliro ofikira $ 1.5 thililiyoni pakuchepetsa kuchepa. Zodulidwa izi zikuyenera kuzindikiridwa ndi komiti yayikulu yamagulu awiri. Pansi pa lamulo la komiti yayikuluyi imatha kuganizira za misonkho kapena kuwonjezereka kwa ndalama. Ngati ikalephera kupanga mapulani ovomerezeka ku Congress, mgwirizanowu umayambitsa kutsika kwamphamvu, kutsika kwachangu pakuwononga ndalama zofanana. Choyambitsacho chapangidwa kuti chilimbikitse komiti kuti ipange njira zomveka zochepetsera kuchepa. Kuthekera kwakukulu kuti kuchepetsedwa kwa ndalama kudzakhala makamaka pazachitetezo cha anthu monga Medicare, Medicaid ndi mapulogalamu ena amadetsa nkhawa nzika wamba zomwe zili kale ndi mavuto azachuma omwe amadza chifukwa cha oligarchs azachuma.
Kusemphana mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo komwe kukuchitika sikungabweretse kuchira kwa capitalism yaku US. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1945, ogula aku US adalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mopitirira malire awo pamene chuma chamafuta amafuta chinathandizidwa ndikuwonetsa mphamvu zankhondo. Mikangano yokhudzana ndi bajeti inali yodzutsa dziko lonse lapansi pazandale komanso zachuma ku United States.
Mโdera limene anthu ogwira ntchito amakhala okonzeka kuteteza ufulu wawo monga nzika mโmalo mwa zofooka zimene anakonza, payenera kukhala ndondomeko yoika anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kuti agwire ntchito kuti mavuto a anthu achepe.
Tsatanetsatane wa malamulo oyendetsera bajeti yakhazikitsidwa pa lingaliro lakuti 2 peresenti ya anthu olemera kwambiri ku America sadzipereka pamene osauka a ku US ndi madera ena amapereka ndalama zothandizira gulu laling'ono lolamulira ku USA. Funso ndilakuti ngati zili zolondola komanso zokhazikika kwa osankhika aku US ndi asitikali aku US kuchita bizinesi monga mwanthawi zonse pomwe boma la US limachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito bajeti kumbuyo kwa anthu wamba. Vuto lakapitalisti lomwe latenga nthawi yayitali ku US ndi kwina likufuna kumveketsa bwino funso loti ngati vuto ndi misonkho chabe ya anthu olemera m'malo mongotengera dongosolo lonse la chikapitalist.
KULIMBIKITSA KUPULUMUTSA DOLA
Pakati pa zomwe zikupita patsogolo pakhala zomveka bwino kuti gulu lankhondo ndi mafakitale limatumikira zofuna za likulu lalikulu ngakhale likudzipangira chilankhulo chokonda dziko. Sabata ino panali lipoti lina la kukula kwa asilikali a US padziko lonse pamene Nick Turse analemba kuti asilikali apadera a asilikali atumizidwa m'mayiko oposa 120. Asilikali apaderawa akuyimira gawo lankhondo mkati mwa usilikali. Turse analemba kuti:
'Karen DeYoung ndi Greg Jaffe a Washington Post adanena kuti asilikali a US Special Operations anatumizidwa m'mayiko a 75, kuchokera ku 60 kumapeto kwa utsogoleri wa Bush. Kumapeto kwa chaka chino, mneneri wa US Special Operations Command Colonel Tim Nye anandiuza kuti chiwerengerocho chidzafika ku 120. "Timayendayenda kwambiri - kuposa Afghanistan kapena Iraq," adatero posachedwa. Kukhalapo kwapadziko lonse lapansi - pafupifupi 60% ya mayiko padziko lapansi komanso zazikulu kwambiri kuposa zomwe zidadziwika kale - kumapereka umboni watsopano wa gulu lankhondo lamphamvu la Pentagon lomwe likumenya nkhondo yachinsinsi m'makona onse adziko lapansi.
Zomwe Nick Turse sanachite ndikulumikiza kupezeka kwa gulu lankhondo la US padziko lonse lapansi ndi vuto la capitalism. Kodi dziko lomwe lili pamavuto azachuma chonchi lingapange bwanji mphamvu zankhondo ngati izi? M'mbuyomu, gulu lolamulira limagwiritsa ntchito nkhondo ndi ziwawa zankhondo kusokoneza chidwi chaudindo ndi mafayilo kuchoka kuchuma choyipitsitsa chotere. Zoonadi, ngongoleyo idakula kwambiri kuchokera kunkhondo zopanda ndalama zaulamuliro wa Bush. Zinali zochititsa chidwi kuti nthumwi za congressional zomwe zidavotera biluyi, mafunso awiri anali pa tebulo, la msonkho wa olemera ndi kuchepetsa bajeti ya asilikali. William Pfaff m'nkhani yake ya Foreign Affairs ya 2010 yotchedwa 'Manufacturing insecurity' inalimbikitsanso mtolo waukulu umene asilikali a US amaika pa nzika zake. Malinga ndi Pfaff,
'[Alfred] Vagts analemba kuti zankhondo zatanthauza "kuika mitolo yolemera kwa anthu kaamba ka zifuno zankhondo, kunyalanyaza moyo wabwino ndi chikhalidwe....." .โ
'Mafakitale a chitetezo ndi chitetezo lero ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri za chuma chopanga zinthu za US, ndipo zofuna zawo zamakampani tsopano zikuyenera kulamulira Congress, komanso kayendetsedwe ka anthu osadziwa zambiri. Popanda kukokomeza mopambanitsa, wina anganene ponena za United States lerolino zimene poyamba zinanenedwa ponena za Prussiaโkuti ndi boma la ankhondo ake.โ
Chimene Pfaff sanafunse ndi ndani yemwe ali ndi asilikali? Kodi usilikali umagwira ntchito yandani? Kodi asilikali akuteteza ndani m'mayiko 120 omwe atumizidwa? Tsopano zikuwonekera bwino kwa magulu a ogwira ntchito aku US kuti asitikali awa kulibe kuti awatumikire.
Kufotokozera kwathu kwa socialism kumayambiriro kwa kulowereraku sikungonena za kukambirana za njira ina ya sosholisti koma chenicheni chakuti dziko la US tsopano ndi chizindikiro cha socialism kwa 1 peresenti ya anthu. Ndipo kusalingana kogwirizana ndi socialism yapamwambayi kwakhala ndi zotsatira zowononga osati gulu la ogwira ntchito komanso gulu lonse.
Kupatulika kwa bajeti ya usilikali kumaonekera mu lamulo loyang'anira bajeti, monga momwe zimakhalira pakutsutsana kwa ngongole. Chifukwa kuvomerezeka kwa ndale kwa dongosololi kumakhazikika pa usilikali, kudulidwa kwakukulu mu bajeti ya asilikali sikuli pa tebulo. Mlembi Watsopano wa Chitetezo Leon Panetta adatsimikizira akuluakulu a asilikali kuti sipadzakhala kuchepetsa ndalama zowononga chitetezo: 'Ndichita zonse zomwe ndingathe kuti ndiwonetsetse kuti kuchepetsa ndalama zowononga chitetezo sikutsatiridwa mopupuluma, mopanda nzeru. zomwe zingasokoneze mphamvu ya asilikali yoteteza America ndi zofuna zake zofunika padziko lonse lapansi.'
Winslow Wheeler adanenanso kuti zokambirana zakuchepetsa kwakukulu pakudzitchinjiriza zimayimitsidwa. 'Mgwirizano wangongole umayambitsa bajeti yodzitchinjiriza ikhoza kutsata ma Congress awa komanso amtsogolo. Anthu sayenera kuลตerenga kulondola ndi kutsimikizirika mโzandale zolinganizidwa mwachindunji kukhala zosatsimikizirika ndi zosadziลตika bwino.โ
Ndingagwirizane ndi mawu osatsimikizika komanso osadziwika bwino ngati ili linali gulu lolamulira lomwe silinayambitse mantha, nkhawa ndi zilakolako zankhondo pakati pa anthu. Kuyambitsa mantha ndi chidwi chankhondo pakati pa anthu ndi amalonda ankhondo ndi ogwirizana nawo pazandale ndi mafuta ndi azachuma ku US nthawi zambiri amalunjika kuzinthu zachuma zankhondo ndi mafakitale. Amalondawa amagwiritsanso ntchito machenjerero awo ankhondo kuti asinthe kwambiri nyengo yazisankho. Chifukwa chake ndi zisankho zapurezidenti waku US zomwe zikubwera mu 2012, komanso momwe chuma cha US chilili pano, anthu akuyenera kukhala tcheru kuti apewe nkhondo. Kusamala kumeneku ndikofunikira malinga ndi chenjezo laposachedwa la Robert Baer, โโmsirikali wakale wa CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) wazaka 21, yemwe akulosera. โkuti Israel idzaphulitsa Iran mโkugwa, kukokera United States kunkhondo ina yaikulu.โ
Chimene mbiri idzatiphunzitsa mโtsogolo chidzakhala ngati โkupanga opera wotopaโ kunali mbali ina ya chikhalidwe cha zida zankhondo. Iyi ndi dongosolo la zikhulupiliro, makhalidwe, kumvetsetsa, miyambo ndi mabungwe omwe amavomereza kudzikundikira zida ndi kukonzekera nkhondo. Ntchito ya chikhalidwe cha zida izi ndikufalitsa mantha kuti nzika ziwonongeke komanso kusokonezeka. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kusowa kwa ndalama zokhometsa msonkho kwa olemera komanso ndondomeko yosungira bajeti ya "chitetezo" cha madola mabiliyoni ambiri kumapereka kutsutsana kwakukulu kwa anthu aku US. Kutsutsana uku kungathe kuthetsedwa kokha pakukulitsa kuzunzika kwa oponderezedwa kwambiri ku USA ndikusintha mtengo wavuto la capitalist pamapewa a ena mokakamiza.
Pakhomo, padzakhala kudula kwakukulu pamapulogalamu oyenerera a Social Security, Medicare ndi Medicaid.
Padziko lonse lapansi, padzakhala kuyesetsa kusunga dola ngati ndalama yosungiramo ndalama pomwe US โโFederal Reserve imasindikiza ndalama zambiri ndikupanga mapangidwe ena kapena kuwira kwamtundu womwe umatchedwa 'quantitative easing'. Dongosololi lotumizira mavuto kunja kwa malire a US likumana ndi zovuta chifukwa kukulira kwavutoli kumatanthauza kuti kufalikira kwa kupsinjika kwa capitalist si funso laku US chabe. Zoyesayesa zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zazachuma ndi zankhondo ku US tsopano zawona kuti madera ena akulabadira. Malipoti a atolankhani ochokera kumayiko ena akuwonetsa kuti dziko lonse lapansi silikhala chete. Kuchokera ku China, Beijing Global Times inachenjeza US:
'Ndimayambiriro kwambiri kuti tisangalale ndi mgwirizanowu, chifukwa kukweza ngongole kumatanthauza kuti US tsopano ikhoza kubwereka ngongole zina ... Izi sizikuwoneka ngati kusuntha kwanzeru. Pogwiritsa ntchito ngongole yatsopano kubweza zakale, dziko la United States likumira kwambiri mumchenga.โ
Kuchokera ku Russia, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin anali ndi mawu achipongwe kwa US, akumayitcha kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda 'tikusokoneza chuma cha padziko lonse'.
Taganizirani udindo wa mkulu wa Banki Yaikulu ya China. Dziko la China lipitiriza โkufunafuna njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera chuma chosungika, kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe ka ngozi, ndi kuchepetsa mavuto amene amabwera chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa msika wa zachuma padziko lonse pa chuma cha China.โ China idzatenganso โnjira zogwira mtima kuti ipititse patsogolo kukula kofulumira kwa chuma cha China. kuteteza kukhazikika kwachuma ndi zachuma.'
China ili ndi ndalama zambiri zomwe zimasungidwa ku US Treasury bills koma kukwera kumeneku kudzakhala kusokoneza kasamalidwe kazinthu zomwe zasungidwa. Banki yayikulu ya ku Japan yalowererapo kuti ipulumutse yen, ndipo monga Switzerland, ikugwetsa zonyenga zonse zosiya tsogolo la chuma chawo ndikuwonongeka kwa msika. Mayiko aku Latin America akuyang'ana njira zodzitetezera ku dola yaku US. Pofika m'chaka cha 2010 anthu aku Latin America adapanga ndalama zenizeni - the sucre - kuti azichita malonda pakati pawo kuti ateteze dera ku vuto la dola. Ku Middle East maiko omwe ali ndi ndalama zazikulu za dollar akutembenukira kukusunga golidi. Mtengo wa golidi wakwera kwambiri. Africa ikuchita chiyani? Kodi vuto lomwe likubwerali lipangitsa kuti ndalama imodzi yaku Africa ifike mwachangu? Bizinesi monga mwanthawi zonse komwe mabanki apakati aku Africa amatumiza ndalama zawo kuti zitsitsidwe ku Federal Reserve Bank of New York sangapitirire.
KUFUNIKA KWA NTCHITO ZINTHU ZINTHU ZINTHU ZINTHU ZOPHUNZITSA MTIMA
Kuchokera pamakambirano omwe akuchitika ku USA pali njira zina zokulirapo zomwe zikuganiziridwa paudindo ndi mafayilo monga zikuwonekera pakuitanira anthu odzikhazikitsa okha komanso kudzilimbikitsa. Palibenso kumveka bwino pachowonadi kuti chotsatira cha mkangano pa ngongole chinali kuvina kwinanso kubisa mphamvu zenizeni za ambuye a chilengedwe pa Wall Street. Zipani zazikuluzikulu za ndale zimayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu zomwezo za chuma chandalama zomwe zili ndi kuwongolera asitikali okhazikika komanso makontrakitala ankhondo achinsinsi.
Tsopano zili kwa anthu opita patsogolo kuti agwirizane ndi kuyitanidwa kotchuka kwa kulimbikitsa anthu pogwiritsa ntchito luso ndi luso lililonse lomwe ali nalo kuti atsimikizire kuti malingaliro a Budget Control Act a 2011 ndi osakhazikika.
Mโkukambitsirana kwathu sabata yatha, tidatchulapo mfundo yakuti kukambitsirana kwa ngongoleyo kunali chisonyezero cha kuwonjezereka kwa nkhondo zamagulu mโmaiko ndi mโmaiko. Olamulira a US anali kutumiza uthenga kuti asilikali a US ndi ambuye a chilengedwe chonse adzakhalabe pamwamba pa chuma cha mayiko mokakamiza.
M'mbiri, tsankho ndi zankhondo zakhala zida za olamulira a US. Pamene mkangano unkachitika pa nkhani ya kukwera kwa ngongole, kafukufuku watsopano wokhudza kalembera wa ku United States anasonyeza kuti kusiyana kwa chuma pakati pa azungu ndi ang'onoang'ono ku United States kunakula kwambiri kuyambira pamene boma la US linayamba kuwatsata zaka 20 zapitazo. Azungu aku America tsopano ali ndi pafupifupi 18 kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Africa-America komanso kuwirikiza 20 kuposa aku Latinos. Malinga ndi Pew Research Center, mipatayi idakulirakulirabe pakuwonongeka kwa nyumba komanso kugwa kwachuma, ndipo idafafaniza kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwachuma komwe anthu amitundu idachita zaka XNUMX zapitazi. 'Lipotili likulozera momwe kusagwirizana kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kwakulirakulira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachuma komanso kusauka kwachuma.'
Kuyitanira kwa Olbermann ndikuti unyinji wa anthu osauka akuda, a Latino ndi oyera aphatikizane. Mosiyana ndi anthu ena opita patsogolo omwe amapempha anthu kuti apeze mayankho kwa a Obama, Olbermann adapempha anthu kuti akhale atsogoleri awo. Chovuta ndikulimbikitsa izi kuyesetsa kudzipanga ndikudzilimbikitsa kuti ziwononge chikhalidwe cha zida zankhondo kuti ziyambe panjira yomanga njira yosinthira ku capitalism.
Horace Campbell ndi pulofesa wa maphunziro aku Africa-America ndi sayansi yandale ku Syracuse University. Ndiye mlembi wa 'Barack Obama ndi 21st Century Politics: A Revolutionary Moment in the USA'. Mwaona www.horacecampbell.net.
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